Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The concept of National Innovation System (NIS) as new conceptual framework appeared in the late 1980s. The framework of NIS not only focuses on the science and technology development of a country, but also on concerns about a nation’s demand and strategy. The best technology, as well as patents, can be found in developed countries. Their development leads world development in many ways and influences the development model in developing countries. Although it is not hard to see that they seem to be progressing well, the question is why development just happens in some countries. Even fast developing countries, like China, India, Brazil, and South Africa have fewer such well-known or successful business models, compared to developed countries. The thesis attempts to scrutinise the internal and external factors in NIS which may influence countries and the innovation of enterprises within South Africa and China. The thesis focuses on fundamental research of the NIS of South Africa and China. The objective of the thesis is to find out which factors are involved in the NIS and how the system works in South Africa and China. The purpose of the study is to ascertain the difference and gap between these two countries and other more innovative countries, as well as the differences between South Africa and China. The literature study and quantitative method will be used to research and compare the NIS of South Africa and China. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die konsep van Nasionale Innovasie Stelsels (NIS) as ʼn nuwe konsepsionele raamwerk het in die laat 1980s na vore gekom. Die raamwerk van NIS het beide op die wetenskap en tegnologiese ontwikkeling, asook nasionale strategie van ʼn land gefokus. Die beste tegnologie sowel as patentregte kan in ontwikkelde lande gevind word. Hul bydrae is aan die voor front van globale ontwikkeling en het ʼn direkte invloed op ontwikkelingsmodelle vir ander ontwikkelende lande. Die voorspoed in hierdie lande is vir almal duidelik, maar die vraag is waarom ontwikkeling slegs plaasvind in sommige lande. Lande soos China, Indië, Brasilië en Suid Afrika het minder goeie en suksesvolle besigheidsmodelle, in vergelyking met ontwikkelde lande, alhoewel ontwikkeling steeds vinnig plaasvind. Die tesis poog om interne en eksterne faktore van die NIS te ontleed wat sal bydra tot die innovasie van ondernemingsontwikkeling in Suid Afrika en China. Die tesis fokus op fundamentele navorsing op die NIS van Suid Afrika en China. Die doel van die tesis is om uit te vind watter faktore die NIS in beide Suid Afrika en China beïnvloed. Die besondere oogmerk van die studie is om verskille en gapings tussen die twee lande en ander innovasie georiënteerde lande te beklemtoon, asook die verskil tussen Suid Afrika en China. Die literatuurstudie en kwantitatiewe metode word geïmplementeer om die NIS in Suid Afrika en China te ondersoek en vergelyk.

Выбор темы исследования обусловлен значимостью существующих проблем снабженческо-сбытовой деятельности предприятий строительной отрасли в рыночной среде, в условиях высокой конкуренции и развития инновационных технологий. Целью данной работы является создание инновационного инструментария для повышения эффективности снабженческо-сбытовой деятельности предприятия. Анализ основывался на изучении научно-периодической литературы, изучении существующих проблем строительного рынка, рынка e-commerce. В качестве источников информации использовались нормативно-правовые акты, база публикаций и статистических данных Федеральной службы государственной статистики, сервис анализа сайтов PR-CY, данные отчетности и внутренние документы исследуемых предприятий. В ходе написания магистерской диссертации была разработана бизнес-модель специализированного интернет-портала для предприятий строительной сферы, интегрирующая SRM-систему для пользователей портала и бизнес-процессы в сфере снабжения и сбыта предприятий-пользователей и апробирован расширенный набор функциональных возможностей портала на конкретных предприятиях малого, среднего и крупного бизнеса. Использование разработанного инструментария портала нацелено на повышение эффективности снабженческо-сбытовой деятельности предприятий. А разработанная бизнес-модель позволяет правильно скоординировать и использовать ценностные предложения компании-разработчика для пользователей, благодаря взаимосвязи структурных элементов, представленных в модели. В результате апробации инструментария портала были предложены практические рекомендации для менеджмента предприятий, а также определены направления повешения эффективности снабженческо-сбытовой деятельности этих предприятий. / The choice of the research topic is due to the significance of the existing problems of supply and sales activities of enterprises of the construction industry in the market environment, in conditions of high competition and the development of innovative technologies. The purpose of this work is to create innovative tools to improve the efficiency of supply and sales activities of the enterprise. The analysis was based on the study of scientific periodical literature, the study of the existing problems of the construction market, the e-commerce market. Regulatory acts, a database of publications and statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, a PR-CY site analysis service, reporting data and internal documents of the studied enterprises were used as sources of information. During the writing of the master's thesis, a business model of a specialized Internet portal for construction enterprises was developed, integrating the SRM system for portal users and business processes in the supply and marketing of user enterprises and tested an expanded set of portal functionality for specific small businesses. medium and large business. The use of the developed portal toolkit is aimed at improving the efficiency of supply and sales activities of enterprises. A developed business model allows you to properly coordinate and use the value propositions of the company-developer for users, due to the interconnection of structural elements presented in the model. As a result of approbation of the portal toolkit, practical recommendations for the management of enterprises were proposed, as well as directions for hanging the efficiency of supply and sales activities of these enterprises.

為了維護全球經濟的穩定與公平，近年來各國無不致力於反壟斷政策的執行，以期有效打擊卡特爾式的企業聯合行為。本文從三種不同的環境條件下，逐一探討採取聯合行為的廠商和反托拉斯政府之間的互動情況。透過本研究可發現，廠商在以利潤為優先考量下，來決定是否採取聯合結盟，以及合法或非法的合作型態。此外，為了朝全社會效率極大的目標邁進，本文針對三種環境設定下的均衡結果進行效率性的比較，得知其差異的成因在於政府和廠商報酬差異的大小。 / In order to keep the stability and fairness of global economy, most of the authorities around the world have been fighting for cutting down cartels by implementing Antitrust/Competition Law. In this paper, we analyze the interaction between joint ventures and antitrust authorities in three different cases. And we find that profit always takes priority in firms’ decision, no matter how the economic environment changes. Finally, in discussing social utility, we compare efficiency among the three cases, and reach our conclusion that the difference of government’s and firm’s return causes the efficiency or non-efficiency of those optimal strategies.