Through the use of multiple methodologies and analytical approaches, this dissertation combines (1) sales control; (2) call center service; and (3) motivational theory to extend sales control literature beyond its current state, to consider the conflicting motivational perspectives an inside sales agent has to experience. To achieve this unification, this dissertation consists of three essays intended to: (1) identify the influence of autonomous and controlled motivation on operational sales outcome controls and performance; (2) explore the influence these motivators have on sales controls and sales performance; and, (3) understand the impact of autonomous and controlled motivation on sales agent tenure.

<p dir="ltr">Thermal radiation is the property that all forms of matter have, due to the intrinsic vibrations as a result of their temperature. This has spurred the desire to study and use this ever-present phenomena. Controlling and detecting thermal radiation has relevance in modern-world applications, ranging from high temperature thermal barriers used on airplanes to protect the turbines from overheating to energy conversion devices being improved with advances in solar cell design.</p><p dir="ltr">Control over the thermal radiation is achieved through the understanding of what the desired properties will be and then designing a material system that can fulfill the users’ criteria. The criteria that can be controlled vary depending on application and can range from having a broadband polarized emission, to having selective narrowband circular polarized emission at specific angles. The more distinctive the properties, the more degrees of control are needed to accomplish it. We will introduce the concept of symmetries of material systems that, when broken, allow for additional degrees of freedom to control the thermal radiation. We will also discuss how we perform the measurements, to demonstrate the methods used to verify that our control of the thermal radiation was valid. A spin-polarized angle-resolved spectroscopy (SPARTES) setup is used for the measurements to substantiate the claim that we can design structures that control their wavelength, angles of emission and polarization properties.</p><p dir="ltr">Thermal metamaterials designs are a great interest in high temperature applications. We explore various structured material surfaces that maintain their selective angular emission properties even when raised to high temperatures. Using different structures and materials, it is clear that our thermal radiation can be engineered to elicit different spectral responses at selective angles.</p><p dir="ltr">To explore the limits of our control, we observe the photon spin characteristics of thermal radiation. In general, objects in nature have little to no spin angular momentum. However, we can engineer a symmetry-broken metasurface that demonstrates this generation of circular polarized thermal emission without the presence of magnetic fields with high selectivity. We focus here on the affect that symmetry has on the spin-dependent polarization properties and how symmetry is a good metric to focus on when controlling the temporal, spatial and spin coherence of thermal radiation.</p>

本研究共一冊，預計四萬至五萬字，分九章十六節：第一章、導論（研究目的、觀念 架構）。第二章、相關文獻探討（理論基礎、實證研究、）。第三章、研究方法（研 究假設、研究範圍與資料蒐集、研究限制）。第四章、產業分析（總體環境、科技、 產業政策及廠商特色）。第五章、環境、策略與企業績效之關係（環境因素之關係、 環境與策略之關係、策略與績效之關係）。第六章、結論與建議。一般而言，影響企 業成長的因素可歸納為內部與外部因素，前者包括企業家的特質、組織管理要素、企 業文化等因素；後者則指企業的科技、經濟、產業環境及政府政策等因素。本文專從 外部因素來研究，並輔以經營策略、競爭武器為中介變數，探討影響企業成長之外部 因素有那些﹖這些因素彼此間之關係如何﹖外部因素影響企業成長之途徑為何﹖

In Sweden all limited liability companies are required to have a board of directors. The board of directors’ task is to manage the business of the firm, but in recent years boards have been subjected to critical review in the media, questioning the tasks and structure of the board. Further, there are differences in the regulations regarding limited liability companies, depending on whether they are private or public companies. Moreover, a majority of the research within the area of corporate governance has been conducted on public companies. However, corporate governance in small and medium sized enterprises (SME) has in the last 30 years become a field of interest. Several scholars and doctorates have used different board roles to explain e.g. the tasks, demographics, and financial performance. The board roles are mainly derived from the agency-, resource dependence-, and stewardship theory. Many papers have come to the conclusion that a board of directors who performs their task, and/or have a certain board demography is beneficial to the firm. Hence, the board and its activity is of importance, however, a general image is conveyed that boards in SMEs rarely are active, but rather are seen as a necessary mean in order to have a firm. Due to this, the research question in this thesis is: What motivates small and medium sized firms to have an active board and are boards in Norr- and Västerbotten active? The criteria for having an active board has been derived from antecedent research and are further recommendations from StyrelseAkademien. Three different board roles have been used with the purpose of explaining the motivation behind having an active board. Further, this thesis has had a quantitative method, and in order to gather data a survey was sent out to board members in Norr- and Västerbotten. The results show that the motivation behind having an active board cannot be explained through the roles network and service of the board. The control role could partly explain the motivation behind having an active board of directors in SMEs in Norr- and Västerbotten, having a negative relationship to board activity. Moreover, due to the opposing results in terms of whether or not boards are active, an unambiguous answer could not be found. However, 49.1 percent of the sample is considered to be active. Lastly, the finding support that in order to have an active board, the firm must recognize a need to include outside directors.

The chromosomal translocation of t(14;18)(14q32;18q21) is a characteristic aberration of follicular lymphoma and Diffuse Large B cells lymphoma. By PCR, it was proved that the rearrangement of chromosomes 14 and 18 leads to an overexpression of BCL2, an anti-apoptotic protein, which is one of the factors responsible for the maturation of the diseases. The translocation involves the promoter region of IGH gene and the transcriptional unit of BCL2 gene. Previous studies carried out in Dr Tosi’s lab showed a looping out of the BCL2 gene from its chromosome territory in 15% of the nuclei analysed. This looping out could be possibly responsible for the transcriptional activity of the gene. A further relevant finding concerns the spatial distribution of the genes involved in the translocation in the interphase nuclei. In the Pfeiffer cell line, harbouring the t(14;18) rearrangement, the translocated BCL2 gene was positioned in the cell nuclei according to a bimodal distribution. One could speculate that the distribution in the periphery and in the centre of the nuclei could divide the Pfeiffer cell line in two different subpopulations, consequently from the transcriptional activity. These preliminary data set the ground for more experimental work to test whether genes associated with the nuclear interior were transcriptionally active as opposed to the genes positioned towards the nuclear periphery, transcriptionally inactive. The work here presented focuses on this investigation using RNA-DNA FISH (Fluorescence in situ hybridization). My work enabled the detection of IGH, BCL2 and t(14;18) genes along with their transcripts inside of the nuclei of Pfeiffer cell line. Contrary to what had been hinted by previous work, my results showed multiple nuclear positions of transcriptionally active IGH/BCL2 translocation. The result will need to be further supported by software analysis in order to define its specific nuclear position and to ensure the perfect localization of the genes inside each nucleus.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:12:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 17 / Nenhuma / Esta pesquisa visou testar e analisar a cadeia de valor como uma ferramenta gerencial necessária à formulação de estratégias para as organizações desenvolverem vantagens competitivas no mercado em que atuam, buscando ressaltar a necessidade de informações para tal. Para isso foi necessária a mensuração econômica de uma cadeia de valor. Sendo assim, o estudo teve como objetivo mensurar a cadeia interna de valor da etapa de processamento do pinus como forma de evidenciar o resultado e a contribuição de cada fase do processo na formação do seu resultado econômico. Quanto à metodologia utilizou-se uma pesquisa exploratória realizada com base num estudo de caso em uma indústria madeireira, a qual possui as atividades desde o plantio da semente até a entrega da madeira beneficiada de pinus ao cliente. Com o uso de algumas técnicas e métodos da gestão estratégica de custos como o método de Custeio Direto, o Preço de Transferência (Preço de Mercado) e o Custo de Oportunidade, foram desenvolvidos modelos de relatórios / This survey was made in order to analyze the value chain as a necessary management tool. And this tool it is really needed to formulate strategies for the organizations to develop competitive advantages in the market they act, emphasizing the necessity of information. In this context, the project had the objective of measuring the inside value chain of the pinus processing as a way to present the result and the contribution of each stage of the process into the economical result. About the method, it had been used an explorer research, based in a case studied in a wood industry, that acts from the seed plantation to the delivery of the favoured pinus wood to costumers. Based in some techniques and methods of strategic costs management, for example the Direct Cost method, the Transference Price (Market Price) and the Opportunity Cost. It had been developed samples of management reports in the value chain point of view. As a result, it has been noticed that the present project tried to contribute to taste and c

The overall aim of this study is divided into two parts, firstly to analyze the view of four swedish upper secondary school students on what the meaning with religious education in Sweden should be. Secondly, to analyze how these four students experience their education in religion and compare it with their teachers view on the meaning of religious education and how she conducts the teaching. It is an empirical study and the results are based on semistructural interviews made individually with each participant. The analytical approach is a hermeneutic analysis with interpretation as the main focus. The findings and the result of the study indicates that the swedish students view the religious education as an important subject to understand and explore their own worldviews, other peoples views, traditions and differences. The students and the teacher have similar thoughts on what the meaning with religious education should be, but in practise the students lack an inside perspective of religions, a meeting with people who identify themselves as religious. The teacher however does not include this in her education, nor does she speak of this during the interviews. The results also show that the swedish students thoughts about religious education is very similiar to what previous research has shown is lacking in the swedish education in religion. In summary, both the students and previous research points out that the inside perspective in religious education is very important to be able to reach the goals of the curriculom in the subject, which include a development of understanding different religions and people.

O Rio Grande do Sul possui um grande potencial para a navegação interior devido à extensão de sua rede hidrográfica de quase 2200 km, sendo 930 km navegáveis. Aliado a isto, na última década o estado apresentou um crescimento econômico em relação ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) de 167,2 %, segundo a Fundação de Economia e Estatística/RS. Mesmo com estas condicionantes favoráveis constata-se que o modelo atual da estrutura logística da movimentação de cargas continua a não privilegiar o setor hidroviário interior. Tendo em vista estes aspectos, esta dissertação apresenta um estudo cujos objetivos são: (i) identificar a representatividade do modal hidroviário interior em relação à movimentação de cargas, destinadas à exportação e importação, da metade norte do Rio Grande do Sul aos principais terminais privados hidroviários e ao porto público, localizados na cidade de Rio Grande; (ii) comparar o modal hidroviário com seus principais concorrentes, os modais rodoviário e ferroviário e (iii) avaliar o impacto econômico da adoção do calado sazonal. Para a comparação dos modais foram escolhidos três parâmetros que estabelecem custos em relação à tonelada quilometro transportada, são eles: custo médio de operação; custo despendido com combustíveis; e custos sociais. Após as informações coletadas foram processadas e analisadas, possibilitando identificar os custos gerados por cada modal. Na comparação destaca-se que o custo dos modais rodoviário e ferroviário são respectivamente 1541% e 405% maior do que o hidroviário interior e que a carga movimentada pelos três modais, em 2011, representou um custo total de R$ 1,79 bilhões, ou seja, 0,65% do PIB estadual. Na avaliação da adoção do calado sazonal foi estudado o possível ganho em termos de capacidade de transporte de cargas e a redução de custos gerada pela utilização do transporte hidroviário interior, no Rio Grande do Sul, decorrentes da possível implantação da permissividade de um calado sazonal, em função da variação histórica dos níveis de água, verificados através das curvas de permanências em nove estações pluviométricas localizadas na Laguna dos Patos e no Lago Guaíba. Constatou-se que a adoção do calado sazonal, no ano de 2011, teria um impacto de redução de custos de transporte na ordem de R$ 40,7 milhões, considerando a migração do modal rodoviário para o hidroviário e de R$ 10,1 milhões se fosse considerado a migração do modal ferroviário para o hidroviário. / The state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), in Brazil, has a significant potential for internal navigation due to the extent of its drainage network of almost 2,200 km, of which 930 km are navigable. Allied to this, in the last decade the state had an economic growth in relation to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 167.2%, according to the Foundation of Economics and Statistics/RS. Even with these favorable conditions it appears that the current model of logistic structure of shipment continues to not emphasis on the internal waterway sector. Considering these aspects, this dissertation presents a study whose objectives are: (i) identify the representativeness of the interior waterways in relation to handling, for export and import, the northern half of Rio Grande do Sul to the main private terminals waterway and the public port, located in the city of Rio Grande , (ii) compare the waterways with its main competitors, the road and rail modes, and (iii) evaluate the economic impact of the adoption of the draft season. To compare the modals, three parameters that establish costs in relation to the tone kilometers transported were chosen, they are: average cost of operation, cost spent on fuel, and social costs. After the data were processed and analyzed, it was possible to identify the costs generated by each mode. In comparison it is emphasized that the cost of road and rail modes are respectively 405% and 1541% higher than the inland waterway and the shipment handled by the three modes, in 2011, represented a total cost of R$1.79 billion, i.e. 0.65% of the state GDP. In assessing the adoption of the draft seasonal possible gain was studied in terms of load carrying capacity and reducing costs generated by the use of inland waterway transport, in Rio Grande do Sul, from the possible deployment of the permittivity of a quiet season in function of the historical variation in water levels, checked through the curves stays in nine rainfall stations located in the Patos Lagoon and Lake Guaiba. It was found that the adoption of the draft season , in 2011, would have an impact of reducing transport costs in the order of R$40.7 million, considering the migration from road transport to waterways and R$10.1 million if found migrating the railroad to the waterway.

在銀行進行放款的過程中，經由審核、監督、流動性轉換等流程，銀行對借款人資訊會有進一步的認識及瞭解，而這些資訊並無法完全被其他金融機構或市場所知悉，故資訊上的好處可讓銀行與借款人間建立「借貸關係」。 許多實證文獻探討「借貸關係」，這些文獻均支持「借貸關係」對銀行和借款人具有價值。而本文則以理論模型推導的方式，研究「借貸關係」對放款契約的影響。本文發現，在「借貸關係」建立的過程中，「內部銀行」可瞭解借款人的品質及資訊，並透過這些內部的資訊，獲取「資訊獨佔力」帶來的好處。而透過銀行與借款人間「借貸關係」的維持，及銀行間的潛在競爭性，則可以舒緩銀行和借款人間「資訊獨佔」的扭曲效果。另外，內部資訊也能讓借款人得到利益，好的借款人可利用較低的利率融資，並獲得較高的放款額度；而壞的借款人則會漸被排除在市場之外。

<p>The focus of the dissertation is on the performance of the yoiks, what the yoikers tell the audience and what the yoikers mean with their narratives. The results demonstrate that the verbal art of yoik includes both song and spoken messages. The analysis of the yoik tradition is couched within performance theory. The discussions of the performance give keys to understanding storytelling, oral history, verbal art and a means to recognize when a yoiksong, vuolle, begins or when it stops and why the performer yoiks its vuolle the way he or she does. I argue that an inside perspective in conjunction with performance theory, provides a highly fruitful method to research in yoik tradition. In order to understand the tacit knowledge in the performance, it has been highly relevant to discuss the seminal work by the Sami author Johan Turi and to compare his theories with Sami scholars like Israel Ruong, Nils Jernsletten and Harald Gaski.</p><p>In the 1900s there were three broader documentation projects of yoik tradition in Sweden. The first one was conducted in the 1910s by Karl Tirén, who used the phonograph and wax cylinders. In the 1940s the Institute of Language and Folklore (ULMA/SOFI) undertook a documentation project and in the 1950s the Swedish Radio did so too. Now, it was now possible, with the modern technology, to analyse the yoik tradition in new ways. It enables re-listening to the stories that was told and to see them in a context where the performers’ artistic skill, together with their social background and their relation to their audience is made visible.</p><p>It has been discussed if there was an epic yoik tradition in South Sami areas. One hypothesis says that epic yoik was found only in northern areas in close connection to Finnish culture. However, this study shows that there was an epic yoik tradition in southern Lapland and probably the last of these epic singers passed away in the 1960s. The yoikers presented here are all good representatives of an epic yoik tradition. Sara Maria Norsa, Nils Petter Svensson, Jonas Eriksson Steggo and Knut Sjaunja are my main informants in the archive material, where their performances are described with accuracy. This makes it possible to analyse the events they are participating in. They are all in fact telling their lives’ stories by describing reindeer herding.</p><p>This dissertation demonstrates the yoik tradition in its context, and I show that the vuolle has a structure where one can recognize when it begins and when it ends. The yoik tradition is not only music or song, the story that is told is equally important. The way of presenting a vuolle is also a part of the yoik tradition and one has to consider both the spoken and the sung messages in order to understand what the performer means. In short, yoik must be recognized as verbal art or storytelling.</p>