We currently post a large amount of personal information about ourselves on social media sites. Many times though, users of these services are poorly aware of what kind of terms and conditions they agree to. There are in fact many techniques available that ensure users privacy, yet not many organizations make the effort to have those in place. Making a profit is what matters for companies and information on users is highly valued. It is the lack of regulations regarding data collection that enable organizations not to consider their users privacy. The data that can be collected is vast, it is important to understand that everything we do online, every search, click, shop and view is stored and the information is many times sold along to third-parties. Using information on users, companies can make profit by for example making predictions on the users, figuring out what they are interested in buying. It is nevertheless very difficult to make long-lasting regulations as the web constantly changes and grows. A qualitative research was conducted to observe to what extent social media addiction and its consequences is being discussed and researched. Interviews with social media users were also conducted. After an analysis on the findings it is clear that many users in fact would like to have more privacy online yet they feel the need to accept the term and conditions any way. Many users also state that they happily would like to read the terms and conditions, had they been written in a different way.

Background: This thesis explores, in-depth, the experience and sense-making of transactional analyst psychotherapists working with clients who present with Internet addiction (IA). It engages with the therapist’s broad experience and understanding of Internet addiction presentation, therapeutic assessment, ‘diagnosis’ and ‘treatment’ rather than the singular experience, expression, and meaning-making of the individual client. Method: As a counselling psychologist trainee, I was particularly interested in sampling highly experienced therapists, with an extensive range of skills developed through a robust clinical training. Four therapist participants, all professional members of the European Association of Transactional Analysis (EATA), were interviewed using semi-structured, one-to-one interviews and the material was analysed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). Findings and Discussion: Four higher-order concepts emerged within this study. They concerned: the complexity of IA; aetiological and predisposing factors; functions and features of IA; and treatment factors. Practical and theoretical implications for future research, clinical supervision, treatment, psycho-educational and political programmes are presented. Of the key emergent findings the Internet was understood by participants as a conduit or medium for addiction given a high prevalence of an underlying ‘disorders’. All of the participants believed in the existence of childhood aetiological roots which underpinned comorbidity with IA. Attachment difficulties in childhood would often predispose individuals to develop issues around loneliness, low self-esteem, control, loss and instability, and cognitive dissonance later in life. Participants believed a relationship existed between depression, low self-esteem and escapism as contributing factors. Conclusion: A systematic review of the extant research is proposed, along with quantitative studies to specifically evaluate the strength of this relationship. Further empirical research is particularly recommended to explore how these factors can predispose individuals to developing sub-types of IA, and especially in the context of historic childhood abuse and / or neglect. The complex nature and aetiology of IA can demand a high level of clinical expertise from professionals who would benefit from specific trainings concerning childhood attachment difficulties. Integrating a psychodynamic approach, or being aware of transference processes, could possibly enhance treatment effectiveness, and help safeguard both clients and therapists from counter-therapeutic interventions.

Introducción: En la actualidad, el internet encabeza uno de los medios tecnológicos más sobresalientes en la sociedad por brindar diversas ventajas al usuario. A pesar de tener este gran potencial de alcance, también es considerado perjudicial ya que afectaría a distintas áreas de la persona si no hay control en su uso. Es por ello que, se consideró determinar la relación entre la adicción a internet y las dimensiones del clima social familiar en estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria. Método: Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa de tipo transversal correlacional y el método de selección de la muestra fue de tipo no probabilístico intencional. Se empleó una muestra de 400 alumnos, en donde se aplicó la Escala del Clima Social Familiar y la Escala de la Adicción a Internet de Lima. Resultados: De acuerdo a los resultados, se encontró que existe una relación débil (r > .22) entre la adicción a internet y las dimensiones de clima social familiar. Además, dentro de las correlaciones, consideradas débiles, la que mayor magnitud presenta es la dimensión de relaciones familiares (r = .215). Conclusión: Se concluye que hay una débil relación entre la adicción a internet y las dimensiones del clima social familiar, lo cual implica que no es necesario la realización de un programa de intervención en una de estas variables; pues al parecer, no tienen efecto una sobre la otra y podría haber otras variables a considerar como el tipo de familia, entorno social y la era tecnológica. / Introduction: Currently, the Internet leads one of the most outstanding technological means in society for providing diverse benefits to the user. Despite having this great potential of reach, it is also considered harmful since it would affect different areas of the person if there is no control in their use. For this reason, it was considered to determine the relationship between internet addiction and the dimensions of the family social climate in Peruvian high school students. Method: Correlated cross-sectional quantitative research was conducted and the sample selection method was intentional non-probabilistic. A sample of 400 students was used, were the Family Social Climate Scale and the Lima Internet Addiction Scale were applied. Results: According to the results, it was found that there is a weak relationship (r> .22) between internet addiction and the dimensions of family social climate. Furthermore, within the correlations, considered weak, the one with the greatest magnitude is the dimension of family relationships (r = .215). Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a weak relationship between internet addiction and the dimensions of the family social climate, which implies that it is not necessary to carry out an intervention program in one of these variables; Well, apparently, they have no effect on each other and there could be other variables to consider such as family type, social environment and the technological age. / Tesis

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Introduction. Social networks are used by around 3,600 million people, they facilitate communication and promote human ties; but its inappropriate use could cause problems and extreme addiction. Objective: Relate addiction to social networks and emotional intelligence. Method: Correlational study, 279 students of technical-superior level participated; The Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (ARS) and the Wong-Law Emotional Intelligence Scale (EI) were administered. Results: Obsession (ARS) negatively correlates with Use of one’s own emotions and Regulation of emotions; likewise, Lack of control and Excessive use (ARS) with the dimensions Valuation of one’s own emotions, Use of one’s own emotions and Regulation of emotions; but, no factor of the ARS correlates with Valuation of the Emotions of the others; Likewise, men and women do not differ in the ARS, those who have more hours of connection are more likely to show higher scores in network addiction; and, in terms of emotional intelligence, women value the emotions of others more. Conclusions: Addiction to social networks and emotional intelligence are negatively related in almost all their dimensions, but it is an association of low magnitudes. / Introducción. Las redes sociales son usadas por alrededor de 3,600 millones de personas, ellas facilitan la comunicación y favorecen los vínculos humanos; pero su uso inadecuado, podría ocasionar problemas y en el extremo adicción. Objetivo: Relacionar adicción a redes sociales e inteligencia emocional. Método: Estudio correlacional, participaron 279 estudiantes de nivel técnico-superior; se administraron el Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales (ARS) y la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (IE) de Wong-Law. Resultados: Obsesión (ARS) correlaciona negativamente con Uso de las propias emociones y Regulación de las emociones; igualmente, Falta de control y Uso excesivo (ARS) con las dimensiones Valoración de las propias emociones, Uso de las propias emociones y Regulación de las emociones; pero, ningún factor del ARS correlaciona con Valoración de las Emociones de los demás; asimismo, hombres y mujeres no se diferencian en la ARS, los que tienen más horas de conexión son más propensos a mostrar puntajes más altos en adicción a redes; y, en cuanto a la inteligencia emocional, las mujeres valoran más las emociones de los demás. Conclusiones: La adicción a las redes sociales y la inteligencia emocional se relacionan negativamente en casi todas sus dimensiones, pero es una asociación de baja magnitud.

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This study explored college students' use of the Internet and Facebook as well as whether usage patterns, and perceptions about the academic effects of use, relate to time spent studying and/or academic performance. One hundred sixty undergraduate students completed an online survey designed to measure the frequency, duration, intensity, and academic impact of their Internet and Facebook use. Results indicate that students devote a significant amount of time to both academic (M = 1.82 hrs per day) and recreational (M = 2.50 hrs per day) Internet activities, and that Facebook users (n = 153, 96% of the sample) spend an average of two hours per day on the site, accounting for almost half of total time spent on the Internet and approximately 80% of recreational use. Results also show that spending more time on the Internet for academic purposes, waiting longer to check Facebook when studying or doing schoolwork, and spending less time on the Internet for fun, are all significant predictor / Educational Psychology

The research examines the relationship between cyber addiction (excessive use of the Internet, CA), information overload (IO), and assesses their impact on workplace productivity. A multi-methods approach is used employing the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and a quantitative survey design to assess and test the stated hypothesis. The study used random sampling methods targeting 150 respondents from different information technology departments of various organizations. The study hypothesizes that CA and IO have a reciprocal association, which adversely affects workplace productivity and employee performance. From the findings, IAT scores increase with an associated possibility of reporting burnout, fatigue, and other components associated with CA and IO. Also, CA and IO were significantly correlated, as evaluated by the chi-square test, although the same approach did not yield significant associations between CA and perceived internet dependence. Other findings CA components, such as social media use, significantly associated with task postponement and burnout. As well, CA affected IO with substantial impacts on workplace productivity. The paper highlights managerial aspects that organizations should consider in optimizing the output of their staff. Recommendations include wellness programs, altering the leadership and management styles, and sensitizing the employees on the adverse effects caused by the two variables.

<p>The aim of this study is to gain an increased knowledge and deeper understanding of compulsive gambling and its consequences in today‟s society. Gambling addiction will be described and analysed by a selection of experts, therapists and people with an addictive gambling background. The basis of the empirical research has been undertaken by a qualitative design with interviews consisting of three fundamental themes. The research group of eight participants included four gamblers, two therapists and two specialists. The knowledge perspective focused on the entire „hermenuetisk‟ circle - before, during and after a gambling period. The entry phase into a gambling game showed the reality in which the gambler could feel alive and excited. When participating in gambling, addicts are mentally active and engaged. Therefore, they often experience a sense of being good at what they are doing, which provides them with a purpose. However, the post gambling period sees this sense of meaningfulness dissolve into feelings of guilt, anxiety and failure. During the rehabilitation gamblers experienced anxiety and a powerful lure to play, but if these feelings are conquered they finally feel a sense of release and freedom from gambling. The psychological study showed that the power of gambling provided addicts with a short-term feeling of strength and belonging, as their gambling experiences created an identity. A social study focuses on the gambler‟s own interpretations of their gambling experiences. This provides an insight into the gamblers reality that governs the behavioural patterns of an addict. According to a cognitive perspective, various emotional events provide gamblers with fulfilment during the gambling and then either euphoria from winning or disillusionment from losing.<em></em></p> / <p>Studiens syftet var att få ökad kunskap och förståelsen kring spelberoende i dagens samhälle samt följder därav. Följande övergripande frågeställning var i fokus: Hur beskriver och kommenterar ett urval av experter, behandlare samt personer med spelberoendebakgrund sina erfarenheter av spelproblematiken idag? Forskningsunderlagets empiriska material har bearbetats utifrån en kvalitativ design med intervjuer bestående av tre grundläggande teman på åtta deltagare varav fyra brukare, två behandlare och två specialister. Det epistemologiska synsättet fokuserades på helheten av karakteriserande tolkning utifrån en hermenuetisk cirkel samt tematisering före, under och efter en spelperiod. Vägen in i spel visade den faktiska verkligheten som innebar att få uppleva sig själv som existerande. Att spela innebar att vara duktig, aktiv och engagerande men att spela i ett senare skede innebar att meningsfullhet förbyttes mot skuldkänslor, ångest och misslyckande. Vägen ut ur spel visade en falsk känsla av beständighet, att må dåligt under behandlingstiden, känna ångest och ha spelsug men som förbyttes till befrielse efter behandlingen. I existentialistiskt perspektiv visade resultatet att makten över spelet innebar kraft och styrka genom att spelaren byggde upp sin identitet på optimala upplevelser. Utifrån socalkonstruktivistisk perspektiv speglades omgivande faktorer genom spelarens egen tolkning, och upplevelsen var att verkligheten utgjorde den kunskap som styrde beteendet. Enligt kognitivt perspektiv var strukturer sammankopplade i en process som innebar en positiv förankring men som i ett senare skede innebar lust eller olustkänslor.</p>