Объектом исследования явилось эмоциональное выгорание юристов различных специальностей. Предметом исследования стала различия в особенностях эмоционального выгорания юристов различных специальностей. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (75 источников) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 78 страниц, на которых размещены 10 рисунков. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительные гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме понятия эмоционального выгорания в психической литературе. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию причин и факторов эмоционального выгорания, специфика труда юристов различных специальностей. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам: тесту «Диагностика профессионального выгорания» К. Маслач, Тест-опросник «Определение уровня самооценки» С.В. Ковалев, «Диагностика уровня эмпатии» И.М. Юсупов. Также в главе представлен корреляционный и сравнительный анализ результатов исследования. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the emotional burnout of lawyers of various specialties. The subject of the study was the differences in the features of emotional burnout of lawyers of different specialties. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of references (75 sources) and an appendix, which includes forms of the applied methods. The volume of the master's thesis is 78 pages, on which 10 drawings are placed. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the research, defines the object and subject of the research, formulates the main and additional hypotheses, specifies the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the research, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the concept of emotional burnout in mental literature. The sections devoted to the study of the causes and factors of emotional burnout, the specifics of the work of lawyers of various specialties are presented. The conclusions of the first chapter are the results of the study of the theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It describes the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all the methods used: the test "Diagnosis of professional burnout" K. Maslach, the test-questionnaire "Determination of the level of self-esteem" S. V. Kovalev, "Diagnosis of the level of empathy" I. M. Yusupov. The chapter also presents a correlation and comparative analysis of the results of the study. The conclusions of chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are summarized, the practical significance of the study is justified and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

La recherche est imbriquée dans les soins cliniques en oncologie, de sorte que la dualité de rôles (clinicien, investigateur) est une réalité connue des oncologues. Vu l'importance de la génomique pour guider les soins en oncologie pédiatrique, la plupart des patients sont enrôlés dans des études génomiques au Québec. En pratique, l'oncologue, par sa présence aux réunions d'oncogénomique, participe avec les chercheurs à l'interprétation des résultats génétiques ainsi qu'aux décisions de divulgation au patient. Ce projet vise à identifier et caractériser les enjeux éthico-légaux soulevés par la dualité de rôles de l'oncologue durant ce partage de résultats génétiques en amont du patient. Un questionnaire incluant six vignettes narratives a été diffusé électroniquement à tous les oncologues pédiatres du Québec. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été effectuées avec un sous-groupe de participants. Vingt-huit oncologues ont complété le questionnaire et cinq oncologues ont participés aux entrevues. Les niveaux de confort des oncologues étaient influencés par le type de résultat génétique, par le contenu discuté lors du consentement et par le rôle de l'oncologue envers le patient (oncologue traitant ou non). Le fait d'être informé d'un résultat génétique de recherche suffisait pour déclencher un sentiment de responsabilité par rapport à celui-ci. La dualité de rôles est incontournable et donne à l’oncologue un accès privilégié à l'information génétique, au-delà de ce à quoi aura accès le patient. Les responsabilités et les devoirs de l’oncologue dans le cadre de la relation thérapeutique sont au centre des enjeux éthiques et légaux soulevés par la dualité de rôles. / Research is heavily integrated in oncology care, with oncologists well acquainted with the concept of duality of roles (doctor, researcher). Given the importance of genomics in pediatric oncology, most patients are offered genomic sequencing via research initiatives in Quebec. Practical experience reveals that oncologists, by attending molecular tumour board meetings, participate with the research team in the interpretation of genetic research results and decisions regarding disclosure to patients. This project aims to identify and characterise the ethical and legal issues related to the duality of roles of oncologists during this process of genetic information sharing, prior to informing the patient. A questionnaire including six narrative case vignettes was electronically distributed to all pediatric oncologists in Quebec. A semi-structured interview was then conducted with a sub-group of participants. Twenty-eight oncologists completed the questionnaire and five oncologists participated in the interviews. Oncologists' comfort levels were influenced by the type of genetic result, by the content of prior consent discussions and by their specific role regarding the patient (treating oncologist or not). The state of becoming aware of a result was sufficient to trigger a feeling of responsibility regarding that genetic research result. Duality of roles is inevitable and provides the oncologist with privileged access to genetic information, above what will be accessible to the patient. Responsibilities and duties of the oncologist in the setting of a therapeutic relationship are central to the ethical and legal issues raised by the duality of roles.

This thesis presents a cross-national, cross-regime examination of foreign policy decision-making in the Spratly Islands dispute, focusing on China, Malaysia and the Philippines. It argues that how and why these countries have acted in particular ways towards the dispute relates to the relationship among foreign policy decision-making, government behaviour and domestic politics. The theoretical foundation of the study is foreign policy analysis. It applies the decision units approach advanced by Margaret and Charles Hermann and Joe Hagan to investigate who made foreign policy decisions on the Spratly Islands dispute in the three countries during the period 1991-2002, and how this influenced government behaviour. In addition, the contextual influence of domestic politics is considered. Four case studies inform the empirical analysis: the approaches taken by Malaysia and the Philippines to bolster their respective sovereignty claim, China???s establishment of a comprehensive maritime jurisdictional regime covering the Spratly Islands among other areas, China-Philippines contestation over Mischief Reef and the development of a regional instrument to regulate conduct in the South China Sea. Three conclusions are drawn. First, the decision units approach identifies the pivotal foreign policy decision-makers in each of the countries examined and the process involved. Second, it explains the relationship between decision unit characteristics -- self-contained or externally influenceable -- and each government???s behaviour towards the dispute. Injecting domestic politics into the analysis highlights motivations of and constraints faced by decision-makers, conditioning the form and content of government action. Third, it demonstrates a low predictive capability: the ???fit??? between hypothesised and actual government behaviour is poor. While it is not a comprehensive analytical tool, the combined decision units-domestic politics approach offers deeper insight into government decisions and behaviour on the Spratly Islands dispute than hitherto reported in the literature.

This thesis presents a cross-national, cross-regime examination of foreign policy decision-making in the Spratly Islands dispute, focusing on China, Malaysia and the Philippines. It argues that how and why these countries have acted in particular ways towards the dispute relates to the relationship among foreign policy decision-making, government behaviour and domestic politics. The theoretical foundation of the study is foreign policy analysis. It applies the decision units approach advanced by Margaret and Charles Hermann and Joe Hagan to investigate who made foreign policy decisions on the Spratly Islands dispute in the three countries during the period 1991-2002, and how this influenced government behaviour. In addition, the contextual influence of domestic politics is considered. Four case studies inform the empirical analysis: the approaches taken by Malaysia and the Philippines to bolster their respective sovereignty claim, China???s establishment of a comprehensive maritime jurisdictional regime covering the Spratly Islands among other areas, China-Philippines contestation over Mischief Reef and the development of a regional instrument to regulate conduct in the South China Sea. Three conclusions are drawn. First, the decision units approach identifies the pivotal foreign policy decision-makers in each of the countries examined and the process involved. Second, it explains the relationship between decision unit characteristics -- self-contained or externally influenceable -- and each government???s behaviour towards the dispute. Injecting domestic politics into the analysis highlights motivations of and constraints faced by decision-makers, conditioning the form and content of government action. Third, it demonstrates a low predictive capability: the ???fit??? between hypothesised and actual government behaviour is poor. While it is not a comprehensive analytical tool, the combined decision units-domestic politics approach offers deeper insight into government decisions and behaviour on the Spratly Islands dispute than hitherto reported in the literature.

Text in English / Every victim wants to see the perpetrator or offender of serious crimes convicted for their criminal actions. Each victim in a case is supported by witnesses and the community in wanting accused persons to be locked away behind bars. Having the accused persons locked away in prison is an achievement of every role player involved in the process of putting that accused where he/she belongs. The ultimate goal of investigation is to see successful bail opposing to ensure the safety of witnesses. There are accused who are released from custody by the court despite many attempts made by an investigator to keep that criminal in custody until trial. Victims and witnesses are struggling to get their offenders punished for the crimes they committed. It is the wish of every investigator of crime to satisfy every complainant in cases but it does not always happen, not because of any lack of skills, but because of many factors which come along with the successful prosecution in a case. Once the accused is released on bail, the chances and hopes of putting him/her back in prison are equal to the chances of getting him/her back in the community for good. This difficulty is caused by the fact that, once the accused is out on bail he/she might evade trial or the docket will be in and out of court for further evidence until the court declines to prosecute. / Criminal and Procedural Law / M.A. (Criminal Justice)

This study examined the investigation of tender irregularities within the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality (CoT) and employed semi-structured interviews with investigators attached to the CoT Group Audit and Risk (GAR) Division within the Protection Service to obtain data. A literature study relating to aspects of tender irregularities and the investigation of non-compliance was conducted. From the results of this research, it appears that participants do not optimally investigate the non-compliance of tender procedures by service providers to reduce tender irregularities within the CoT. However, it is apparent that participants experience challenges to efficiently investigate the non-compliance of tender procedures by service providers within the CoT to reduce tender irregularities. The study makes recommendations that could assist investigators at the CoT GAR Division to enhance their investigations of the non-compliance of tender procedures by service providers. / Criminology and Security Science / M. Tech. (Forensic Investigation)