Background: The relationship between interpersonal trauma (IPT) and substance misuse is complex and multi-factorial, but has not been examined fully in the existing few studies involving pregnant women who misuse substances. UK based midwifery education and practice is unique, but there is limited evidence regarding midwives experiences and perceptions of supporting this client group. Aims: The aim of this study was to chronologically map out pregnant women's past experiences of abuse and substance use, explore their experiences and perceptions of their journey to motherhood and explore midwives' experiences and perceptions of supporting this client group. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted. Five eligible pregnant women supported by specialist midwifery services in Central Scotland were recruited. Data were collected using a life history calendar (LHC), followed by an in-depth, semi-structured interview. Six eligible midwives were recruited from one NHS board in Central Scotland. In depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out. Findings: Individual LHCs were converted into chronological timelines. Transcribed interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The life history calendars revealed the pregnant participants' experiences of IPT and substance misuse as complex, interconnected and ongoing, including during pregnancy and motherhood. Three major overarching themes emerged from the pregnant participants' interview transcripts: “psychological trauma”, “dabbling to addiction” and “addiction and the identity of pregnancy and motherhood”. Three major overarching themes emerged from the midwifery participants' interview transcripts: “psychological trauma”, “stigma” and “managing unmanageable situations”. Conclusions: This study sheds new light on the lived experiences and perceptions of a previously under-researched and largely misunderstood group of vulnerable women. It highlights some of the challenges faced by midwives in clinical practice. Important areas for future research are highlighted, along with implications for multi-disciplinary education, policy and practice.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att utarbeta och prova EAS-T (Emotional Availability Scales – Therapy), en manual för att mäta emotionell tillgänglighet mellan terapeut och patient i en psykoterapi. Arbetet ingår som en del i projektet LURIPP (Linköping University Relational and Interpersonal Psychotherapy Project). Våra frågeställningar var: * Kan man mäta den emotionella tillgängligheten i en psykoterapi med EAS-T? * Finns det någon korrelation mellan EAS-T och patientskattade processmått?   För att svara på frågorna har vi arbetat med att modifiera EAS (Emotional Availability Scales), ett instrument som används för att mäta kvalitén på relationen mellan förälder och barn, så att den ska passa terapeut-patient-relationen. Vi har skattat videoinspelade sessioner av IPT-terapier (interpersonell psykoterapi) med hjälp av detta instrument. I ett andra steg har vi jämfört vår skattning med patientskattade processmått, som varit tillgängliga via LURIPP: WAI-S (Working Alliance Inventory - Short), Känsloord och med PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire), där patienten skattar sin depressionsgrad före varje samtal.   Resultatet visade att manualen hade god användbarhet, men att det också fanns behov av revidering inom vissa dimensioner. Jämförelsen mellan EAS-T och patientskattade processmått visade att det fanns vissa signifikanta korrelationer och vissa som inte var signifikanta, men ändå intresseväckande. Mest intressant fann vi EAS-T-variabeln icke-invaderande, som visade en negativ korrelation till de andra processmåtten. En mer invaderande terapeutstil resulterade i att patienten upplevde en bättre terapeutisk allians och skattade mer positiva känsloord efter sessionen. Patienten skattade också symptomförbättring till nästa session. Det finns många intressanta frågor som ännu är obesvarade vad gäller emotionell tillgänglighet i terapisituationen, där vi hoppas på vidare forskning!

1) Antecedentes y objetivos.En adultos, la interrupción del tratamiento antirretroviral(IPT) guiada por CD4+ incrementa de forma significativa el riesgo de enfermedades oportunistas o muerte; la experiencia en niños es escasa. El estudio pretende evaluar la seguridad de una IPT única, entendida como una forma de reducir la exposición a los antirretrovirales, en una población pediátrica con una respuesta prolongada óptima a TARGA de primera línea.2) Pacientes y métodosSerie de casos prospectiva, con grupo de comparación. Criterios de inclusión: a. infección VIH de transmisión vertical; b. TARGA de primera línea, iniciada durante la fase aguda de la infección VIH (grupo A) o la fase crónica (grupo B); y al menos durante los últimos 24 meses: c. ausencia de condiciones clínicas relacionadas con el VIH, d. carga viral indetectable (ARN-VIH) (para el grupo B), y e. recuento normal de la cifra de CD4+ (>350 cél./mm3) o el porcentaje (>25%).Se recluta un grupo de comparación (grupo C) de pacientes que cumplen los mismos criterios de inclusión para pacientes tratados en la fase crónica de la infección VIH, pero que no serán sometidos a una IPT.3) Resultados. IPT en la fase aguda de la infección VIH: Se incluyen 6 pacientes.Un mes tras la IPT, se observa un repunte de la carga viral plasmática (valorm mediano: 4.6 log copias/mL); la viremia se estabiliza posteriormente. Los pacientes han permanecido una mediana de 39 meses en IPT. Tres pacientes han reiniciado TARGA, dos debido a una inmunodepresión libre de síntomas, y uno por deseo de los padres. A pesar de la progresiva inmunodepresión, no se han hallado diferencias con respecto a la evolución clínica entre los periodos pre y post-IPT. Todos los pacientes que han reiniciado TARGA han tenido una respuesta virológica e inmunológica óptimas. IPT en la fase crónica de la infección VIH: Se incluyen 25 pacientes, de los cuales 12 se someten a una IPT. Un mes tras la IPT, se observa un repunte de la carga viral plasmática (valor mediano: 4.7 log copias/mL); la viremia se estabiliza posteriormente. Tres pacientes han reiniciado TARGA precozmente, entre 2 y 4 meses de la IPT, debido a una inmunodepresión libre de síntomas. El resto ha permanecido una mediana de 39 meses en IPT. A pesar de la progresiva inmunodepresión, no se han hallado diferencias en la evolución clínica con respecto al grupo de comparación. Otros dos pacientes han reiniciado TARGA tardíamente, debido a una inmunodepresión libre de síntomas. Todos los pacientes que han reiniciado TARGA han tenido una respuesta virológica e inmunológica óptimas.4) Conclusiones.Se ha observado una inmunodepresión progresiva tras la IPT en la población seleccionada de pacientes, aunque no se han producido eventos clínicos mayores. / 1) Background and Aims. In adults, CD4-guided planned treatment interruptions (PTI) significantly increase the risk of opportunistic disease or death; experience in children is still very scarce. We evaluate the safety of a single PTI, intended as a sparing regimen, in pediatric patients with long-term optimal response to first-line HAART.2) Patients and Methods.Interventional case series. Inclusion criteria: a. verticallytransmitted HIV infection; b. first-line HAART, initiated during acute infection (group A) or chronic infection (group B); and at least a 24-month period of: c. no HIV-relatedclinical conditions, d. undetectable plasmatic HIV-RNA (for group B), and e. normal CD4 cell count (>350 cells/mm3) or percentage (>25%). A comparison group (group C) of patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria for patients treated during chronic infection but not undergoing PTI was used.3) Results.PTI in acute HIV infection: 6 patients were included. One month after PTI, HIV viral load had increased (median value: 4.6 log copies/mL); viremia stabilized thereafter. The patients have remained off therapy a median time of 39 months.Three patients had to reinitiate HAART, two because of symptom-free immunosuppression and one because of parents' wish. Despite progressiveimmunosuppression, differences in clinical evolution were not observed with respect to the pre-PTI period, during HAART. In those patients resuming treatment, an optimal virological and immunological response was observed. PTI in chronic HIV infection: Twenty-five patients were included, 12 underwent PTI. One month afterPTI, HIV viral load had increased (median value: 4.7log copies/mL); viremia stabilized thereafter. Three girls had to resume therapy within 2-4 months because of symptom-free immunosuppression. The rest remained off therapy a median time of 39 months. Despite progressive immunosuppression, differences in clinical evolution were not observed with respect to the comparison group. Two additional girls had toreinitiate HAART. In those patients resuming treatment, an optimal virological andimmunological response was observed.4) Conclusions. Progressive immunosuppression was observed after a single PTI in selected HIV-infected children, although major clinical events did not occur.

This document provides a summary report of the M.I.T. Masters Thesis, "Systematic IPT Integration in Lean Development Programs" by Tyson R. Browning. These studies argue for the inclusion of program integration principles as an essential aspect of lean enterprise product development and organization. / Lean Aerospace Initiative

The continuous growth in road transportation demand requires the development towards sustainable strategies. The concept of Smart Roads is arising as a convergence of technologies that will lead the mobility by road into a more efficient and interactive system between infrastructure, environment and vehicles. Within this context, e-mobility appears as one of the key components. The implementation of e-mobility based on Electric Vehicles (EVs) has been restricted by numerous shortcomings such as their driving range, the battery size, the dependence on charging stations and the time required for its charging. However, the electrification of the road infrastructure, which will enable a dynamic charging of the EVs while driving, is becoming a potential solution to overcome these deficiencies. This study aims to contribute for the future introduction of electrified roads (eRoads) into the current network, by focusing on the effects and consequences of embedding Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) systems in the road infrastructure. A structural design of an eRoad is conducted through a Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) by analysing the behaviour of a pavement structure based on Swedish conditions subjected to traffic loading. Valuable conclusions can be displayed from this analysis and thus, a summary concerning considerations and effects over the design, construction and maintenance of eRoads can be built. Nevertheless, this analysis must be complemented and coordinated from a lifetime perspective to reach the social, environmental and economic requirements related to the development of road infrastructure nowadays. Hence, a guideline from a life cycle approach is stated over the integration of eRoads in order to enable the assessment of the infrastructure during its different phases. To be sustainable, the development of road infrastructure must reach not just structural and appropriate performance requirements, but also preserve the environmental and economic impact. This thesis pretends to combine all these aspects as a state of the art, providing a basis that stands out the most relevant issues related to the feasible implementation of eRoads in the mid-long term.

<p>  </p> <p>Present barriers to electric vehicle (EV) adoption include cost and range anxiety. Dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) systems, which send energy from an in-road transmitter to a vehicle in motion, offer potential remedies to both issues. Specifically, they reduce the size and charging needs of the relatively expensive battery system by supplying the power required for vehicle motion and operation. Recently, Purdue researchers have been exploring the development of inductive DWPT systems for Class 8 and 9 trucks operating at highway speeds. This research has included the design of transmitter/receiver coils as well as compensation circuits and power electronics that are required to efficiently transmit 200 kW-level power across a large air gap.</p> <p>In this thesis, a focus is on the derivation of electromagnetic and thermal models that are used to support the design and validation of DWPT systems. Specifically, electromagnetic models have been derived to predict the volume and loss of ferrite-based AC inductors and film capacitor used in compensation circuits. A thermal equivalent circuit of the transmitter has been derived to predict the expected coil and pavement temperatures in DWPT systems that utilize either single- or three-phase transmitter topologies. A description of these models, along with their validation using finite element-based simulation and their use in multi-objective optimization of DWPT systems is provided.</p>

Inductive power transfer (IPT) systems with tolerance to the lateral misalignment are advantageous for enhancing the transmitted power, usability and security of the system. In this thesis, a misalignment tolerant multi-coil design is proposed to supply stationary and dynamic battery-free wireless devices. A compact architecture composed of individually switchable 3 layers of printed coils arranged with overlap for excellent surface coverage. A hybrid architecture based on three compact AC supply modules reduces the supply circuit complexity on the sending Seite 2 von 4side. It detects the position of the receiver coil quickly, controls the activation of the transmitting coils and estimates the next receiver position. The proposed architecture reduces the circuit footprint by a factor of 62% compared to common architectures. A transmitter coil activation strategy is proposed based on the detection of the transmitting coils voltage and communication between sending side and receiving side to detect devices to supply nature and position and to differentiate them from other conductive objects in the sending area to the supplying security. The experimental results prove that the proposed architecture has a good performance for different trajectories when the device speed does not exceed 15 mm/s. Besides, the maximum detection time for the initial device position is about 1.6 s. The maximal time interval to check the transmitter coils is around 0.7 s.:1. INTRODUCTION 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 3. STATE OF THE ART OF MULTI-COIL IPT SYSTEMS 4. NOVEL DESIGN OF A MULTI-COIL IPT SYSTEM 5. MULTI-COIL ACTIVATION PROCEDURE 6. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 7. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK / Induktive Energieübertragungssysteme (IPT) mit Toleranz gegenüber seitlichem Versatz sind vorteilhaft, um die übertragene Leistung, die Nutzbarkeit und die Sicherheit des Systems zu verbessern. In dieser Arbeit wird ein versatztolerantes Multispulen-Design vorgeschlagen, um stationäre und dynamische batterielose drahtlose Geräte zu versorgen. Die kompakte Architektur besteht aus 3 einzeln schaltbaren Schichten gedruckter Spulen, die überlappend angeordnet sind, um eine hervorragende Oberflächenabdeckung zu gewährleisten. Eine hybride Architektur, die auf drei kompakten AC-Versorgungsmodulen basiert, reduziert die Komplexität der Versorgungsschaltung auf der Senderseite. Sie erkennt die Position der Empfängerspule schnell, steuert die Aktivierung der Sendespulen und schätzt die nächste Empfängerposition. Die vorgeschlagene Architektur reduziert den Platzbedarf der Schaltung um einen Faktor von 62 % im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Architekturen. Es wird eine Aktivierungsstrategie für die Sendespulen vorgeschlagen, die auf der Erkennung der Spannung der Sendespulen und der Kommunikation zwischen Sende- und Empfangsseite basiert, um die Art und Position der zu versorgenden Geräte zu erkennen und sie von anderen leitfähigen Objekten im Sendebereich zu unterscheiden. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die vorgeschlagene Architektur eine gute Leistung für verschiedene Trajektorien hat, wenn die Geschwindigkeit der Geräte 15 mm/s nicht überschreitet. Außerdem beträgt die maximale Erkennungszeit für die anfängliche Geräteposition etwa 1,6 s. Das maximale Zeitintervall für die Überprüfung der Senderspulen beträgt etwa 0,7 s.:1. INTRODUCTION 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 3. STATE OF THE ART OF MULTI-COIL IPT SYSTEMS 4. NOVEL DESIGN OF A MULTI-COIL IPT SYSTEM 5. MULTI-COIL ACTIVATION PROCEDURE 6. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 7. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK

Drift is a point of contention with pesticide applications, causing the need to research application methods that provide consistent efficacy while minimizing off-target movement. Experiments were conducted to evaluate eight undiluted herbicides on invasive woody plants, Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) and Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana), when applied individual plant treatment (IPT) via hack-and-squirt. Applications of undiluted aminocyclopyrachlor or imazapyr at 1 ml per 7.6 cm of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) made in the spring provided superior control over other herbicides or application timings. CamelBak® hydration reservoirs were evaluated for storage durability with eight undiluted herbicides. A third study was conducted to assess droplet size and distribution of Roadside Inc.’s new sprayer head for driftable fines. All nozzles were evaluated in a wind tunnel and produced droplet sizes above the benchmark for driftable fines (≤150 μm). The spray head also distributed droplets effectively from 2-30 feet from spray origin.

The increasing role of sustainability will lead the mobility by road into a more efficient and interactive system between infrastructure, environment and vehicles. The expand of emobility based on Electric Vehicles has been restricted by numerous shortcomings such as their driving range, the battery size, the dependence on charging stations and the time required for its charging. One of the solutions to overcome these limitations is can be the construction of electrified roads. The study compares the most significant opportunities for eRoads as the solutions ofInductive Power Transfer (IPT), conductive track and pantograph in climate change aspect.This thesis is also intended to describe these systems, as they represent different ways for reach electrification of ordinary roads. IPT is a contactless solution which uses the well-known electromagnetic induction principle. Pantograph and conductive track are both conductive solutions. In the first case, it is an overhead solution and for the track, the energy is transferred to the vehicles from a continuous rail embedded in the pavement. The aim of the study is to develop an open and transparent Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)framework for electrified roads that could be used for decision support. The main objective is to build a cradle-to-grave LCA model in SimaPro for an electrified highway asphalt road in Sweden. / A fenntarthatóság, fenntartható fejlődés világszerte egyre fontosabb szerephez jut,elősegítve ezáltal azt, hogy hagyományos útburkolatok helyett hatékonyabb, interaktív rendszerek kerüljenek kiépítésre. Ezek az „okos” utak összekapcsolják az infrastruktúrát, akörnyezetet és az embert, mint járművezetőt. Jelenleg, a már hagyományosnak mondható e-közlekedésnek – mely az elektromos autók használatán alapul – számos hátrányafigyelhető meg. Többek között a korlátozott vezetési távolság és akkumulátor méret,valamint a töltési lehetőségektől és töltésidőtől való függés. Ezek leküzdésének egyik módja lehet a villamosított utak építése és elterjedése. A tanulmány célja egy nyílt, átlátható és könnyen kezelhető életciklus-elemzés (LCA) keretrendszer kiépítése a villamosított utak számára, mint döntéstámogató rendszer ajövőbeli beruházásokhoz. Ez egy svédországi villamosított autópálya, SimaPro programbanlétesített életciklus-elemzés modell építésével kerül bemutatásra. A dolgozat a három legjelentősebb típusú rendszereket hasonlítja össze a klímaváltozást befolyásoló hatások tekintetében. Ezek az indukció elvén alapuló IPT, a vezető pálya és a pantográf megoldások. A tanulmány szintén hivatott bemutatni a rendszereket, minthogyezek merőben különböző elveken alapuló megoldásokkal érik el a hagyományos utakvillamosítását. Míg elektro-mágneses töltés elvén alapuló rendszer a kontakt nélküli megoldások közé tartozik, addig a másik két rendszer álladó fizikai kapcsolatot igényel a jármű és a töltési rendszer elemei között.

<p>Previous research has established that supervisor’s play an important role in conveying performance management strategies and influencing an employee’s job experience. Notably, there has been a growing area of research of how Implicit Person Theory (IPT) can contribute to supervisors’ coaching and management styles. Research within the more recent years has shown that IPT has indirect effects on the employee experience. The current study expands upon both IPT and performance management literature, by examining how an employee perceives their Supervisor’s IPT, their supervisor’s coaching style of support for developmental opportunities, and the employee’s related job outcomes of: Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Satisfaction with Supervisor. Results from 388 men and women in various industries and organizations suggest that Perceived Supervisor IPT is related to developmental opportunities within the workplace. Additionally, we found support for Supervisor IPT being indirectly related to employees’ Turnover Intentions, Job Satisfaction, and Satisfaction with Supervisor via Perceived Developmental Opportunities. When adding Employee IPT to our mediated model, we only found marginally significant support for employees’ Satisfaction with Supervisor. Additionally, we controlled for Leader Member Exchange (LMX) within our moderated mediation model and found non- significant interactions on the indirect path of Perceived Developmental Opportunities on all three employee outcomes and obtained non-significant mediations nested within our greater model. Within our exploratory analyses we found evidence of IPT interaction between an employee and supervisor predicting LMX, Turnover Intentions, and Job Satisfaction. Ultimately, this research contributes to performance management, IPT, and LMX research by providing evidence of how a developmental coaching style of providing opportunities to employees can influence the employees’ job experience and is related to their perceptions of their leader.</p>