This thesis proposes the design of a space exploration vessel capable of sustaining a community of 2000 inhabitants that will leave Earth and never return. The unique mission criteria will allow for the in depth study of fundamental architectural issues such as confinement, permanence, habitability, and wellbeing. The vessel, named Horizon, will address the social, cultural, and environmental systems necessary for maintaining a platform for an evolving community. Emphasis throughout the thesis will be placed on the human condition and social systems rather than technical details and specifications of the ship’s construction. A human settlement travelling through the void of space and severing its ties with Earth creates an intense design challenge. How can architecture create a stimulating and humane environment without a traditional sense of site or any of the Earthly conditions that can influence memory, stimulate growth, and sustain culture? The final presentation of the thesis will take the form of an illustrated narrative. This form of representation will allow for the blending of fact and fiction, producing a narrative in the tradition of science fiction that will explore the architectural implications of giving shape to a finite environment and its impact on the complex and ever changing lives of the inhabitants over successive generations. This thesis examines the implications and limitations of space travel but also casts light on our terrestrial understanding of the roots of architectural thinking.

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The 7th German-Japanese Bridge Symposium, July 30-August 1, 2007 Osaka, JAPAN (GJBS07), full paper + extended abstract (p.84-85)

<p>Adaptation is central to our understanding of the origin of biological diversity. Yet whether adaptive divergence promotes the formation of new lineages remains poorly understood. My dissertation addresses the role of adaptive divergence in diversification and speciation. I also investigate an alternative mechanism: dispersal, which can promote diversification and speciation through its effects on gene flow and allopatry. To address the role of divergent adaptation and dispersal in the process of diversification, I take an integrated approach, combining both comparative methods with quantitative genetics to characterize patterns of diversification and speciation in the tribe Brassiceae and genus Cakile. I start with a comparative study of the role of dispersal and adaptation in diversification, and then focus on the role of climatic and latitudinal divergence in the processes of adaptive divergence and speciation. In general, I find limited evidence for the role of divergent adaptation in the evolution of intrinsic reproductive isolation. Diversification in the tribe Brassiceae appears to be mediated by dispersal ability, while in the genus Cakile, the evolution of intrinsic reproductive isolation is largely independent of ecological divergence. Thus, while divergent adaptation to novel habitats and climate are likely occurring in Brassiceae, mediated in part by the evolution of long-distance dispersal, the evolution of intrinsic genic reproductive barriers appears to not be influenced by adaptation.</p> / Dissertation

Statusas tarpusavio savybių sistemoje yra labai reikšmingas asmenybę formuojantis veiksnys. Turėdamas tam tikrą statusą, atlikdamas tam tikrą vaidmenį, paauglys mokosi vykdyti visuomenės keliamus reikalavimus.Jeigu aplinkinių sukurtas statusas yra paugliui priimtinas, tai pauglys gerai jaučiasi aplinkoje, gali pilnai save relizuoti. Izoliacijos sukeltos neigiamos emocijos dažnai skatina paauglį nederamai elgtis, o tai sudaro pagrindą formuotis neigiamoms asmenybės savybėms. Problema- mokytojai stokoja kompetencijos socialinių mokinių gebėjimų plėtotei. Tyrimo objektas- socialinė atskirtis paauglių tarpe. Klausimas: Kaip pasireiškia socialiniai ar pedagoginiai veiksniai, nulemiantys moksleivio statusą klasėje? Tikslas: Numatyti prevencines priemones, padedančias išvengti socialinės atskirties. Uždaviniai: 1.Apibendrinti veiksnius, turinčius įtakos moksleivių savijautai klasėje. 2.Įvardyti socialinius ir pedagoginius veiksnius, galinčius turėti poveikį moksleivio statusui klasėje. 3.Atpažinti moksleivių pasiskirstymą pagal statusą konkrečioje klasėje. 4.Įvardyti prevencines priemones, galinčias padėti mokiniui išvengti socialinės atskirties Išvados: Remiantis gautais tyrimo rezultatais galiu teigti, kad socialinės atskirties mokinių atsiradimą mokykloje lemia tiek objektyvios ( ekonominės, socialinės sąlygos), tiek subjektyvios (pedagoginės) sąlygos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The position in a sistem of internal characteristic is a very important factor to forming individuality.A tenager with his / her position and a specific role learns how to accept the society position. If this position is accepted, the teenager is certain in surrounding and he/she is able to realise their personolity.Negative Emotions provocotive with isolation stimulate to behave inappropriate. This inappropriate behaviour forms the resons for negative personal characteristics. Problem: Teachers lock competence to develop students socinl abilities. Research object: Social disjuncture betnveen the teenagers. Qewstion: What do social or educotionl factors determine students‘ position in class. Aime:To understand preventive means, that help to avoid social isolation. Tasks: 1.To sum factors that influnce students feelings at school. 2.To name social and educational factors capable to bring influence students positions in class. 3.To recognize students grouping according to the position in class. 4.To name preventive means that help to avoid the social isolation. Conclusions: Mointain with the received research results that teenagers social isoletion origins determine objective( economical, social conditions) and subjective (education) conditions. Whereas they show that isoloted persons exist between teenagers... [to full text]

The gas-phase chemistry of butanal, propanal, and acetaldehyde has been investigated using electron bombardment matrix isolation techniques. Each aldehyde was diluted in excess argon gas and subjected to electron bombardment with 300eV electrons. The products of subsequent reaction processes were matrix isolated and analyzed by FTIR absorption spectroscopy. Ionized butanal produced a variety of decomposition products including propane, propene, propyne, ethene, ethyne, CCCO, ketene, formaldehyde, CO, CH2=CHCH2•, CH2CHO•, HCO• and methane. Products resulting from ionized propanal included the ethyl radical, ethane, ethene, ethyne, CO, CH2CHO•, HCO• and methane. In both cases the products are believed to be formed from C—C cleavages of the parent ion followed by hydrogen atom scavenging and/or hydrogen atom abstraction from proximally located species. Dehydrogenation products of propane and ethane are proposed to result from product secondary ionization, a process dependent on high electron currents. Surprisingly, in the case of butanal, the McLafferty Rearrangement, a dominant process in electron ionization mass spectrometry, was not observed to occur. Electron bombardment of acetaldehyde:Ar mixtures produced many decomposition products including methane, CO, HCO•, CH3CO•, CH2CHO•, CH3• and ketene. The isomerization product, vinyl alcohol, was also observed. As way of investigating the mechanisms of the above products, experiments were performed in which the acetaldehyde:Ar mole ratio was varied. Variations in the acetaldehyde:Ar mole ratio produced dramatic variations in the products formed, demonstrating a transition from unimolecular chemistry at low acetaldehyde mole ratios, to processes consistent with bimolecular processes at intermediate mole ratios. Variations in the total flow rate of gas resulted in nonsystematic changes in product yields but provided further evidence for unimolecular methane formation via the elimination of neutral CO. Finally, an investigation into the mechanism of vinyl alcohol using the acetaldehyde isotopomer, CD3CHO, in conjunction with computational methods provided further evidence that enol formation occurs as a result of a direct 1,3-H-transfer and not consecutive 1,2-H-transfers. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2009-06-26 10:51:32.331

The products of vanadium metal atom reactions with propene and some propene isotopomers (propene-d6 and propene-3,3,3-d3) are investigated using FT-IR matrix isolation. The major product from the condensation of V atoms with propene at elevated mole ratios is found to be propane (C3H8), the production of which is seen to increase as concentration of propene increases. Additionally a matrix isolated product formed after metal atom insertion into the C-H bond of propene at low propene mole ratios is isolated and identified. The location of the insertion site is identified as one of the methyl hydrogen carbon bonds. The structure of the product is identified as an allyl vanadium hydride complex, through a FT-IR matrix isolation study of propene isotopomers. It is also shown that this primary product acts as an intermediate in the formation of propane. A full mechanism for the proposed formation of propane from sacrificial hydrogenation is proposed and compared with the reported mechanism for the similar reaction involving ethene. The mechanistic identification of the hydrogenation of propene is shown as a generalization of the previous reaction involving ethene. Photochemistry of reactants and intermediates trapped in the matrix are investigated. Irradiation of matrices with several different UV-visible wavelength ranges indicate that no further chemistry occurs after formation of the matrix and further irradiation has no effect on intermediates or reactants. Additionally the reactivity of water with vanadium and propene under low propene concentration conditions is also studied. Results from this study show that under all conditions studied no incorporation of water into the propene molecule is found. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2009-08-10 11:15:55.312

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