No / The purpose of this paper is to utilize the existing theories and knowledge surrounding information systems (IS) evaluation and Green information technology (IT)/IS investments to develop a conceptual model for helping decision makers to overcome and reduce the impacts from Green IT/IS investment related to cost overruns or under-optimized budgets. The paper is discursive, based on the analysis and synthesis of literature pertaining to IS evaluation, Green IT/IS adoption and Sustainable/Green/CSR within an aviation context. Gaps in the preceding research have been identified, and a conceptual model is proposed. Additionally, further research and a methodology are suggested. The paper proposes a conceptual model that can identify factors including external factors derived from institutional theory, internal organizational factors, and a list of indirect costs associated with Green IT/IS investments for an aviation organization. As a conceptual paper, the study is limited to literature, identifying gaps, and proposing a model. The paper recommends further empirical validation of the proposed conceptual model. The conceptual model is helpful for decision makers within the aviation industry to enhance their understanding of the identification and management of indirect costs within the aviation context, which results in effective management of Green IT/IS indirect costs. The paper fills gaps in the knowledge of IS evaluation, Green IT/IS adoption/evaluation within aviation context through helping decision makers to understand, identify, and manage the associated indirect costs.

資訊通訊科技的進步為政府帶來變革性的影響，資訊人員照理應扮演重要角色，但卻同時因資源與技術的不足，而有資訊業務委外的需要，使得政府資訊人員必須面臨能力轉換的挑戰。據此，本研究認為應找出資訊人員的核心能力，以發展其競爭優勢並增進組織的績效。本研究是以政府的資訊人員為研究對象，主要目的在於了解目前政府正式編制與約聘僱的資訊人員目前所具備與未來應該具備的核心能力項目；其次是針對目前具備與未來應具備的能力作落差分析與訓練需求評估；最後則是對研究結果提出政策建議。 / 本論文首先透過文獻闡述核心能力的定義，其次檢閱目前與核心能力相關的文獻，藉以找出本研究的定位，並整理各類文獻，建構出政府資訊人員初步的核心能力模式，共五大構面三十七個項目，並以之為調查問卷的基礎；實證資料蒐集時先進行第一波訪談，後續為問卷調查與分析，接著進行第二波訪談，最後統整分析出研究結果。第一波訪談的受訪者有三類共有五人；問卷調查則分別選取中央及地方政府中不同性質單位的資訊人員為問卷發放229份問卷，回收有效問卷158份；第二波訪談的受訪者有三類共兩人。本研究彙整了以上的質化與量化資料，並據以提出相關的政策建議。 / 本研究發現，政府資訊人員在五大構面的能力上，共有十項能力特別重要：積極主動與自信心、人際溝通與表達能力、認知學習、資訊業務委外能力、資訊安全與稽核、業務知能、創新與創意思考、跨域協調與夥伴建立、倫理價值、責任與公共利益。此外，簡任、薦任與委任不同官等、是否為主管職、以及約聘僱人員不同年資等因素，皆會使得資訊人員未來應具備的核心能力有所不同。其他會影響政府資訊人員核心能力不同的因素尚包括：年齡、學歷、目前擔任的職務、過去擔任的職務、職等、績效表現等。 / 根據研究結果，本研究除了由訪談內容整理出政策建議之外，也針對政府資訊人員的核心能力，以及政府資訊人力運用上提出政策建議，以期未來政府資訊人員在遴選與升遷，或是績效考評等核心能力的運用上有所依據，並且提供政府資訊人員在訓練需求評估分析上，所需加強能力項目的參考。 / Information and communication technology advance with each passing day, bringing revolutionary influence for government functions. Government information technology/information system（IT/IS） professionals should have played the important role provided that the resources and techniques were not scarce. The current challenge of IT/IS outsourcing pushes government IT/IS professionals to transform their competencies. Accordingly, this study attempts to find out the core competencies of government IT/IS professionals to make them develop the competitive advantage and improve the organization performance. / The target group included government IT/IS professionals including formal officials and informal employees in the central and local governments in Taiwan. To build core competencies for the government IT/IS professionals, the study proposed 5 clusters including 37 competency items based on the literature, followed by data collection with two rounds of interviews and a questionnaire survey. Five people were selected in the first interview, providing experience about the core competencies of the government IT/IS professionals and opinions for revising the questionnaire. Analyzing the survey data of 158 valid questionnaires, the study dug out the competencies of the government T/IS professionals’ qualified and important degrees to build their core competencies and then undertook gap analysis to assess training needs. At last, two people were selected in the second interview, verifying the previous results and providing policy suggestions. / Aggregating the qualitative and quantitative results, the study concludes with ten core competencies for the government IT/IS professionals, including active and self-confident attitudes, interpersonal communication and articulate skill, perception for continuous learning, IT/IS outsourcing, information security, business function, innovation, inter-organizational coordination and partnership, ethic value, as well as accountability and public interest. Besides, the elements effecting the government IT/IS professionals’ core competencies include their current official rank, position, seniority, age, educational background, performance and so on. / According to the findings above, finally, this study offered suggestions about the information human resources application, the recruitment and promotion of IT/IS professionals, training needs, and performance evaluation.

This research project aims to: - Examine how my musical identity as Music-maker can be fused with those of contributing improvising musicians, throughout the collaborative process. - Form creative methodologies/strategies to sufficiently accommodate the improvisatory approaches of others around my own work. - Develop appropriate communication methods, including original notational systems; and explore ways in which technology can be harnessed, to help fulfil the above objectives. This research intends to explore the extent to which improvisation may be incorporated into compositions, by means of practical experiment and investigation. The written commentary will accompany a portfolio of audio recordings and scores. Key works demonstrating various approaches and techniques employed will be examined in detail. An appendix disc of supplementary audio recordings and videos will also be provided to show piecedevelopment and the evolution of my music-making practice. My point of origin straddles that of a professional guitarist experienced in an array of improvised music(s), including: rock, jazz, fusion and contemporary improvisation, and that of a composer interested in collaborative projects which take advantage of the eclectic experience and skill sets of the musicians taking part.

This essay explores ISKCON’s religious text A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada’s commentary on the Bhagavad Gita, the Bhagavad Gita As It Is, as an American scripture. This commentary expressed a philosophy which attracted ISKCON’s American converts and gave voice to the protest they had against the larger American culture. Using Thomas Tweed’s theory of dissent, I show how the Bhagavad Gita As It Is gave the American converts of the 1960s and 1970s a language of dissent in the larger American conversation and allowed them to create an alternative American identity. In this way, the Bhagavad Gita is an American text.

Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

Objetivo:Avaliar a longevidade de restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos submetidos à remoção parcial de tecido cariado (RPTC) e os possíveis fatores associados com o insucesso, tentando aproximar os resultados à vida clínica diária. Métodos: Estudo observacional analítico retrospectivo que incluiu 284 restaurações adesivas diretas em dentes decíduos posteriores e anteriores confeccionadas após RPTC em 88 crianças com alta experiência de cárie. Os dentes foram acompanhados clínica e radiograficamente através da informação registrada nos prontuários clínicos dos pacientes. Adicionalmente, foram investigados os fatores potencialmente associados com o insucesso do tratamento, tais como idade, gênero, tipo de dente, número de faces restauradas, material capeador e restaurador utilizado e índice de placa visível (IPV) e de sangramento gengival (ISG). O estimador Kaplan-Meiere o teste de Log-Rank foram utilizados para analisar a longevidade das restaurações e o modelo de regressão multivariado de Cox com fragilidade compartilhada, para avaliar os fatores que poderiam estar relacionados com a falha do tratamento (p<0,05). Resultados: A taxa de sucesso clínico e radiográfico da amostra foi de 76% e obteve-se uma taxa de falha anual (AFR) de 20% na análise até 36 meses. O IPV (p=0,014) e o tipo de dente, anterior ou posterior (p<0,001) mostraram influência significativa no insucesso das restaurações. Conclusão: restaurações adesivas realizadas após RPTC na dentição decíduae em um ambiente que simula a vida clínica diária demonstrambons resultados, principalmente em dentes posteriores. Porém, o acúmulo de biofilme sobre as superfícies dentárias afeta a longevidade das mesmas. / Objective: to assess the longevity of direct adhesive restorations undergoing partial caries removal (PCR) in primary teeth and associated factors for failure, approaching the results to a daily clinical life. Methods: Retrospective analytical observational study which included 284 posterior and anterior primary teeth direct adhesive restorations that had been treated with PCR of 88 children with high caries experience. The teeth had clinical and radiographic follow-up through the information registered in the clinical records of the patients.In addition, factors potentially associated with treatment failure were investigated, such as age, gender, type of tooth involved, number of surfaces restored, type of capping material and restorative material used, visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding indexes (GBI). Kaplan-Meier estimate and Log-Rank test were used to analyze the longevity of restorations and multivariate Cox´s regression model with shared frailty to evaluate the factors that could be related to treatment failure (p<0.05). Results: A clinical and radiographic success rate of the sample was 76% and an annual failure rate was estimated in 20% over 36 months. Only visible plaque index (p=0.014) and type of teeth, anterior or posterior (p<0.001) had a significant influence on the restorative failure. Conclusion:Adhesive restorations undergoing PCR in primary teeth in an environment that simulates a daily clinical life demonstrate good results, particularly in posterior teeth. However, the biofilm accumulation on the dental surfaces affects the longevity of them.

Submitted by Francisco Augusto Seixas Thomé (francisco.thome@fgv.br) on 2013-01-03T21:38:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomé.pdf: 1674130 bytes, checksum: b3ec4566d7dfee1d5ea069cfedaa082a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2013-01-15T13:09:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomé.pdf: 1674130 bytes, checksum: b3ec4566d7dfee1d5ea069cfedaa082a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-02-04T18:21:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thomé.pdf: 1674130 bytes, checksum: b3ec4566d7dfee1d5ea069cfedaa082a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-31 / This study intends to verify how inelastic is the spending of money, with higher education in relation to the income. We found that families with higher income, spend more on that kind of education than those of lower. We observed also in Brazil, that as higher the incomes more is spent on high level education, but this correlation is inelastic, with an increase of 1,0% on the month income, carries 0,31% increase in monthly expenditure on tertiary education. In relation to the amount spent on education, the family income, we may observe that when the family income increases in certain geographic regions, a small part of it is reserved for high level education than in other regions, as we could verify. This suggests that families with high income levels, will not be affected when deciding to invest more in education to have a better quality of education compared to others. We may observe that among the brazilian regions, there are differences that often come from the number of residents and educational differences, usually in the same family. In families with higher income, we found often that part of this increase was forwarded to other activities, and this will not change so much its decision on investing in university education. It was verified that this occurs in the Southeast and South, because these locations revenue is above the national average and the number of residents per household is relatively lower. We also observed that in these regions the ratio of student is higher, confirming that they are the ones with better economic conditions and thus, they have better opportunity to invest in education. / O estudo em questão pretende verificar, o quão é inelástico o gasto com a educação de nível superior em relação à renda. Verificamos que os domicílios com maior renda há um gasto maior dos que os de menor renda. O que também foi verificado no Brasil é que, quanto maior a renda, maior é o gasto com educação de nível superior, porém esta correlação é inelástica, ou seja, com um aumento de 1,0% na renda mensal, acarreta 0,31% de aumento na despesa mensal com educação de nível superior. Quanto à proporção de gastos com educação na renda domiciliar, há evidências que com o aumento da renda em domicílios de certas Regiões Geográficas, há uma destinação de um percentual menor de sua renda para com os gastos em educação superior do que em outras regiões, conforme foi verificado. Isto leva a crer que em domicílios com um nível de renda maior, esta alteração de renda não influenciará tanto em sua decisão de investir mais em educação para ter um curso universitário de melhor qualidade de ensino. Pode-se observar que entre as regiões brasileiras, há diferenças que muitas vezes são oriundas da quantidade de moradores e diferenças educacionais, muitas vezes no próprio domicílio. Nos domicílios de maior renda, em um grande número de vezes, parte deste incremento de renda é alocada para outras atividades, pois isto não alterará em muito sua decisão relativa ao investimento no ensino superior. Foi verificado que isto ocorre nas Regiões Sudeste e Sul, pois nesses locais a renda é superior à média nacional e a quantidade de moradores por domicílio é relativamente menor. Observamos também que nestas regiões a relação de vagas por estudante é maior, corroborando que como são as regiões mais ricas, elas têm maior condição de investir na educação de nível superior.

Residential building, sales comparison approach, market valuation, specific location, arm’s length price, market value

This thesis contends that the pastoral role is significant to the effective functioning and well-being of the church. Therefore, the initial selection of a pastor is a vital component and contributes to those desirable outcomes. The question being considered within this thesis is: What are the factors within a church hiring process which may play a role in successful or unsuccessful pastoral ministry? As there are many variables even within this process, the scope of this thesis is limited to the identification and selection of pastoral leadership from the perspective of the pastoral participants. This perspective is drawn from one denominational association in Ontario —the Fellowship of Evangelical Baptists (FEB hereafter) within the Central region of Canada. In examining this question, an empirical, mixed-methodology is used. The triangulation of a literature review, surveys, personal interviews and a biblical, theological treatment allowed for the most comprehensive perspective and treatment of the research question (Leedy, 2010, p. 99). There is a significant amount of inductive reasoning included, based upon personal interactions within cultural contexts and experiences. This is due to the inadequacy or lack of current theories and available literature relative to the question being studied. This motivates me towards the inclusion of a grounded theory methodology as a component of this study (Leedy, 2010, p. 142). Hiring the right pastor is a challenge at the best of times. As the church struggles to respond to a rapidly changing and diverse culture it presents greater challenges. Rates of pastoral turnover are high and the general duration of pastoral ministry is low. This, in turn, impacts ministry effectiveness. This study of hiring practices and pastoral experiences begins to identify elements as to why some pastors are successful and others are not. It allows for the reflection and consideration of whether the church is, what I have termed, “Equipping the Called, or Calling the Equipped”. There is cause for hope, as there always is within God’s church. This thesis identifies concerns, as well as some positive practices and experiences that can be helpful to inform practice and potential change. As Osmer acknowledges, “observing good practice in other congregations is a powerful source of normative guidance” (Osmer, 2008, p. 152). / Practical Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology)