Undocumented students in the United States continue to face unique barriers to postsecondary success. One way that community colleges and 4-year institutions are providing support for undocumented students is establishing undocumented student resource centers (USRCs). These emerging identity-based centers are dedicated spaces of support and provide customized, comprehensive resources for undocumented college students. A multipronged theoretical framework that included undocu-competence, the institutionalization process, and critical theory, was used as a lens to examine how USRC professionals and affiliates understand the development, role, and function of a USRC on a California community college campus. Qualitative single case study methods, including in-depth semistructured interviews, observations, and document analysis, were utilized to meet the purpose of the study. The findings revealed three primary themes. First, the institutionalization process of the USRC at the center of this study was complex, imperfect, and ongoing. Second, there are strengths and limitations respective to the USRC's capacity to operationalize support and safety. Finally, the compounded impact of the current socio-political moment cannot be evaded with respect to the USRC's function. Subsequently, three primary points of discussion are explored, including critiquing the process of USRC institutionalization, complicating the notion of safe spaces on campuses, and calling for inside-outside strategies of support in order to best serve undocumented students.

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O crescimento acelerado de negócios voltado para Internet aumenta significativamente a necessidade por mecanismos que possam garantir a confidencialidade dos dados, fornecendo ferramentas para autenticidade e irretratabilidade dos usuários em qualquer meio de comunicação, mesmo em equipamentos que possuem recursos computacionais limitados, como um telefone celular, por exemplo. Este trabalho apresenta um esquema de criptografia que utiliza os dados pessoais para geração de chave e cifração, chamado Criptografia Baseada na Identidade, sem necessidade de um certificado digital. São apresentados diversos modelos de cifração, assinatura, acordo de chaves, bem como principais características, diferenças operacionais e respectivos aspectos relevantes de segurança. Algumas aplicabilidades como busca de dados cifrados, por exemplo, são implementadas, para melhor entendimento das operações e fases envolvidas. Os comparativos de custos computacionais das operações envolvidas destacam o esquema de assinatura de Barreto et al. (2005) e esquema de acordo de chave Mc- Cullagh e Barreto (2004b). São descritos também os pré-requisitos de um ambiente criptográfico baseado na identidade, o qual permite realizar as operações de cifração, assinatura e acordo de chaves com menor custo computacional possível. / The accelerated growth of Internet-based business increase significantly the need for mechanisms that can guarantee the data confidentiality, providing tools for authenticity and non-repudiation users in any medium of communication, even with computer resources becoming increasingly scarce, eg into a cell phone. This paper describes an encryption scheme that uses personal data for key generation and encryption, called the Identity Based Encryption, without need for a digital certificate. Various encryption schemes, signature, key agreement are shown, and its main characteristics, operational differences and their respective relevant aspects of security. Some aplicabilities such as encrypted data search, for example, are implemented, for better understanding of the operations and stages involved. The comparative computataional costs of operations highlight the Barreto et al. (2005) signature scheme and McCullagh e Barreto (2004b) key agreement scheme. They are also described, the prerequisites of an Identity-based cryptography environment, which allows to perform the operations of encryption, signing and key agreement with lower computational cost possible.

O crescimento acelerado de negócios voltado para Internet aumenta significativamente a necessidade por mecanismos que possam garantir a confidencialidade dos dados, fornecendo ferramentas para autenticidade e irretratabilidade dos usuários em qualquer meio de comunicação, mesmo em equipamentos que possuem recursos computacionais limitados, como um telefone celular, por exemplo. Este trabalho apresenta um esquema de criptografia que utiliza os dados pessoais para geração de chave e cifração, chamado Criptografia Baseada na Identidade, sem necessidade de um certificado digital. São apresentados diversos modelos de cifração, assinatura, acordo de chaves, bem como principais características, diferenças operacionais e respectivos aspectos relevantes de segurança. Algumas aplicabilidades como busca de dados cifrados, por exemplo, são implementadas, para melhor entendimento das operações e fases envolvidas. Os comparativos de custos computacionais das operações envolvidas destacam o esquema de assinatura de Barreto et al. (2005) e esquema de acordo de chave Mc- Cullagh e Barreto (2004b). São descritos também os pré-requisitos de um ambiente criptográfico baseado na identidade, o qual permite realizar as operações de cifração, assinatura e acordo de chaves com menor custo computacional possível. / The accelerated growth of Internet-based business increase significantly the need for mechanisms that can guarantee the data confidentiality, providing tools for authenticity and non-repudiation users in any medium of communication, even with computer resources becoming increasingly scarce, eg into a cell phone. This paper describes an encryption scheme that uses personal data for key generation and encryption, called the Identity Based Encryption, without need for a digital certificate. Various encryption schemes, signature, key agreement are shown, and its main characteristics, operational differences and their respective relevant aspects of security. Some aplicabilities such as encrypted data search, for example, are implemented, for better understanding of the operations and stages involved. The comparative computataional costs of operations highlight the Barreto et al. (2005) signature scheme and McCullagh e Barreto (2004b) key agreement scheme. They are also described, the prerequisites of an Identity-based cryptography environment, which allows to perform the operations of encryption, signing and key agreement with lower computational cost possible.

Nowadays, each user or organization is already connected to a large number of sensor nodes which generate a substantial amount of data, making their management not an obvious issue. In addition, these data can be confidential. For these reasons, developing a secure system managing the data from heterogeneous sensor nodes is a real need. In the first part, we developed a composite-based middleware for wireless sensor networks to communicate with the physical sensors for storing, processing, indexing, analyzing and generating alerts on those sensors data. Each composite is connected to a physical node or used to aggregate data from different composites. Each physical node communicating with the middleware is setup as a composite. The middleware has been used in the context of the European project Mobesens in order to manage data from a sensor network for monitoring water quality. In the second part of the thesis, we proposed a new hybrid authentication and key establishment scheme between senor nodes (SN), gateways (MN) and the middleware (SS). It is based on two protocols. The first protocol intent is the mutual authentication between SS and MN, on providing an asymmetric pair of keys for MN, and on establishing a pairwise key between them. The second protocol aims at authenticating them, and establishing a group key and pairwise keys between SN and the two others. The middleware has been generalized in the third part in order to provide a private space for multi-organization or -user to manage his sensors data using cloud computing. Next, we expanded the composite with gadgets to share securely sensor data in order to provide a secure social sensor network

This thesis interprets the unification process that the Turkish left undertook during the 1990s as a redefinition and re-identification of leftist values according to the recent changes in the economic and political areas in the world. This redefinition process will be investigated by looking at the &Ouml / DP (Freedom and Solidarity Party) case, the main task of which was defined by the founders as the unification of various leftist movements as well as the representation of the new social movements. For this purpose, different theoretical perspectives concerning the new social movements will be read by means of observation of their position in the &Ouml / DP. It will be investigated, to what degree the &Ouml / DP was successful in unifying and including the new social movements. In that sense, this work will emphasize the role of the &Ouml / DP in the history of the Turkish leftist movement.

Dans cette thèse nous étudions les possibilités que les chiffrements basés sur l’identité offrent quand ils sont utilisés dans un but différent qu’un simple chiffrement. Nous avons pu généraliser différents types de chiffrement basés sur l’identité en une nouvelle primitive nommé Downgradable Identity-based Encryption (DIBE). Nous avons trouvé un moyen générique de transformer de simple IBE en des IBE en blanc, dans le cas où l’IBE est affine nous rendons le coût de communication très faible (de linéaire à logarithmique). Ces deux primitives ont donné lieux à différentes applications : les chiffrements basés sur les attributs pour la première et le transfère inconscient pour la deuxième. Une autre application est l’utilisation d’IBE hiérarchiques pour créer des signatures à vérifieur désigné basées sur l’identité. Ensuite nous avons regardé le transfère inconscient seul et avons réussi à le généraliser en un nouveau protocole nommé Oblivious Language-based Envelope. Finalement, nous avons construit une transformation d’un protocole à un autre, d’un échange authentifié de clés par mot de passe nous avons construit un transfère inconscient. En prenant une instanciation particulière nous obtenons un protocole plus efficace que tous les précédents pour le même niveau de sécurité. La primitive chiffrement basé sur l’identité est notre outil principal pour réaliser nos constructions. Nous avons donc besoin d’une instanciation efficace de cette primitive. Nous avons utilisé celle de Blazy Kiltz et Pan à CRYPTO’14 qui est très efficace mais possède aussi une structure particulière dite affine. / During this Thesis we investigated the possibilities that Identity-based Encryption offers when used out of their original purpose. We managed to generalize a whole class of different identity-based encryption schemes into Downgradable Identity-based Encryptions. We found a generic way to construct Blind Identity-based Encryptions. These two works leads both to applications that are not a priori linked with IBE: Attribute-based Encryption from Downgradable IBE and Oblivious Transfer for Blind IBE, in the case of Affine IBE we manage to reduce the communication cost from a linear to logarithmic. As application we also find a way to use Hierarchical IBE to construct a special type of signature called Identity-based Designated Verifier Signature. We continue the research out of the context of IBE's application with Oblivious Transfer. We manage to generalize the concept of Oblivious Transfer into a new protocol called Oblivious Language-based Envelope encompassing many kind of protocols. Finally, in the image of the whole Thesis we construct Oblivious Transfer with a very different primitive called Password Authenticated Key Exchange. Surprisingly, with some optimizations this last transformation leads to a very efficient Oblivious Transfer Protocol. The Identity-based Encryption is our main basis of work, thus efficient instantiations of this primitive were the key of our own efficiency, thus we used the instanciation from the paper of Blazy et als at crypto 2014 which is efficient, tight secure and affine.

Le monde de la TV est en cours de transformation de la télévision analogique à la télévision numérique, qui est capable de diffuser du contenu de haute qualité, offrir aux consommateurs davantage de choix, et rendre l'expérience de visualisation plus interactive. IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) présente une révolution dans la télévision numérique dans lequel les services de télévision numérique sont fournis aux utilisateurs en utilisant le protocole Internet (IP) au dessus d’une connexion haut débit. Les progrès de la technologie IPTV permettra donc un nouveau modèle de fourniture de services. Les fonctions offertes aux utilisateurs leur permettent de plus en plus d’autonomie et de plus en plus de choix. Il en est notamment ainsi de services de type ‘nTS’ (pour ‘network Time Shifting’ en anglais) qui permettent à un utilisateur de visionner un programme de télévision en décalage par rapport à sa programmation de diffusion, ou encore des services de type ‘nPVR’ (pour ‘network Personal Video Recorder’ en anglais) qui permettent d’enregistrer au niveau du réseau un contenu numérique pour un utilisateur. D'autre part, l'architecture IMS proposée dans NGN fournit une architecture commune pour les services IPTV. Malgré les progrès rapides de la technologie de télévision interactive (comprenant notamment les technologies IPTV et NGN), la personnalisation de services IPTV en est encore à ses débuts. De nos jours, la personnalisation des services IPTV se limite principalement à la recommandation de contenus et à la publicité ciblée. Ces services ne sont donc pas complètement centrés sur l’utilisateur, alors que choisir manuellement les canaux de diffusion et les publicités désirées peut représenter une gêne pour l’utilisateur. L’adaptation des contenus numériques en fonction de la capacité des réseaux et des dispositifs utilisés n’est pas encore prise en compte dans les implémentations actuelles. Avec le développement des technologies numériques, les utilisateurs sont amenés à regarder la télévision non seulement sur des postes de télévision, mais également sur des smart phones, des tablettes digitales, ou encore des PCs. En conséquence, personnaliser les contenus IPTV en fonction de l’appareil utilisé pour regarder la télévision, en fonction des capacités du réseau et du contexte de l’utilisateur représente un défi important. Cette thèse présente des solutions visant à améliorer la personnalisation de services IPTV à partir de trois aspects: 1) Nouvelle identification et authentification pour services IPTV. 2) Nouvelle architecture IPTV intégrée et comportant un système de sensibilité au contexte pour le service de personnalisation. 3) Nouveau service de recommandation de contenu en fonction des préférences de l’utilisateur et aussi des informations contextes / Internet Protocol TV (IPTV) delivers television content to users over IP-based network. Different from the traditional TV services, IPTV platforms provide users with large amount of multimedia contents with interactive and personalized services, including the targeted advertisement, on-demand content, personal video recorder, and so on. IPTV is promising since it allows to satisfy users experience and presents advanced entertainment services. On the other hand, the Next Generation Network (NGN) approach in allowing services convergence (through for instance coupling IPTV with the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) architecture or NGN Non-IMS architecture) enhances users’ experience and allows for more services personalization. Although the rapid advancement in interactive TV technology (including IPTV and NGN technologies), services personalization is still in its infancy, lacking the real distinguish of each user in a unique manner, the consideration of the context of the user (who is this user, what is his preferences, his regional area, location, ..) and his environment (characteristics of the users’ devices ‘screen types, size, supported resolution, ‘‘ and networks available network types to be used by the user, available bandwidth, ..’) as well as the context of the service itself (content type and description, available format ‘HD/SD’, available language, ..) in order to provide the adequate personalized content for each user. This advanced IPTV services allows services providers to promote new services and open new business opportunities and allows network operators to make better utilization of network resources through adapting the delivered content according to the available bandwidth and to better meet the QoE (Quality of Experience) of clients. This thesis focuses on enhanced personalization for IPTV services following a user-centric context-aware approach through providing solutions for: i) Users’ identification during IPTV service access through a unique and fine-grained manner (different from the identification of the subscription which is the usual current case) based on employing a personal identifier for each user which is a part of the user context information. ii) Context-Aware IPTV service through proposing a context-aware system on top of the IPTV architecture for gathering in a dynamic and real-time manner the different context information related to the user, devices, network and service. The context information is gathered throughout the whole IPTV delivery chain considering the user domain, network provider domain, and service/content provider domain. The proposed context-aware system allows monitoring user’s environment (devices and networks status), interpreting user’s requirements and making the user’s interaction with the TV system dynamic and transparent. iii) Personalized recommendation and selection of IPTV content based on the different context information gathered and the personalization decision taken by the context-aware system (different from the current recommendation approach mainly based on matching content to users’ preferences) which in turn highly improves the users’ Quality of Experience (QoE) and enriching the offers of IPTV services