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It is now almost thirty years since puritan apocalyptic thought was first subject to academic analysis, and twenty years have passed since the last flowering of texts on this subject. Since then our understanding of the puritan movement has progressed, and theoretical trends within historiographical and literary thinking now require new approaches to the investigation of puritan ideology. The approach of our own millennium and the recent devolution of barriers between academic disciplines make timely an investigation of the theological, historical and literary developments within puritan apocalyptic thought. Writing at the edge of the promises: negotiating the puritan apocalypse offers a reading of texts and contexts from the Marian exile, in the 1550s, to the Glorious Revolution one hundred and thirty years later. Canonical texts (like the works of John Milton and John Bunyan) are situated alongside titles representing individuals and groups which have achieved less prominence in recent literary-critical narratives (John Foxe, the Geneva Bible, James Ussher, George Gillespie, and John Rogers). This juxtaposition highlights the variety of eschatologies within the 'puritan apocalypse' and illustrates the many uses to which these eschatologies were put. Underpinning the variety of the puritan apocalyptic enterprise, however, is a basic exploration of the Calvinist aesthetic maxim: finitum non est capax infiniti. This unity of aesthetic thought represents a new angle on the 'Calvin and the Calvinists' debate, and argues for a basic continuity in the reformed theologies of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Similarly, the interplay of ideas and values across the boundaries of each of the 'three kingdoms' offers hope for discovering the value of Scottish writing in the notoriously silent seventeenth century. Far from dampening artistic exploration, as the received orthodoxy of Scottish studies argues, Calvinistic eschatological thought is presented as the catalyst for some of the most intriguing of post-Renaissance literary strategies.

This thesis focuses on the basics of education in Nazi Germany. A state, which necessitated the need for indoctrination into radical thinking used the schools as a way to promote National Socialism to the country's youth. Consequently, Nazi Party leaders went to great lengths to secure the loyalty of the nation's youth, using education as their main platform.

The purpose of this study is to understand the power and influence of the institution of motherhood and how it is shaped by culture. More specifically this research explores the ideology that shapes our understanding of the good mother in the contemporary United States; how this ideology affects the way mothers view their identity; and how both the ideology and identity shape actions and performance. Twenty women were interviewed in North Texas and the results were: first, this group of mothers recognizes the ideology of the good mother, but does not accept all components of this ideology; next, the identity of mother is the primary identity for most of these women; and, last, performance is most greatly influenced by socio-economic status and the support system that mothers have in place.

Magister Theologiae - MTh / In this thesis I show the relationship and interplay between Deuteronomistic ideology, land (which sometimes leads to food security) and cohesion with God and with ‘brothers’ socioreligious cohesion) in Deuteronomy and the eighth century prophets (especially Micah, Amos, Isaiah and Hosea). This research argues that loyalty to the covenant with Yahweh guarantees cohesion/solidarity with Yahweh and with ‘brothers’, as well as “God’s gift of Land” (which sometimes amounts to food security). However, the broken covenant with Yahweh leads to “loss of land” which presents food insecurity, and as a consequence people turn against one another. These three interplaying-themes of ideology, land and cohesion does not follow a set path but rather but they appear in different ways hence in Deuteronomy 8 food security (abundance) leads to “loss of memory about Yahweh”. Yahweh is forgotten! But also food security fosters a relationship with Yahweh (idea of eating to remember Yahweh’s goodness). Deuteronomic texts of feasts, festivals and sharing will be utilized to prove how food (in)security guarantees and/or compromises cohesion with Yahweh and especially ‘brothers’ (Deuteronomy 6,14 and 15). The fertility curses of Deuteronomy 28 will be brought up as proof that the scarcity of food breaks down ideas of sharing and cohesion, hence, parents ate their children in secret without sharing with anyone (Deuteronomy 28:53- 5). Cohesion is compromised due to famine. The relationship between disobedience, food and fertility curses in the eighth century prophets will be explored.

Student Number : 8905619P - PhD thesis - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies - Faculty of Humanities / In this thesis I identify and clarify the archaeological signature of rain-control sites in the Shashe-Limpopo Confluence Area (SLCA). I use a landscape-based approach to investigate rain-control in the ideology of SLCA farming communities. I investigate the archaeology of ritual by viewing rain-control as materialised ideology. Using this insight, I examine the material culture and spatial manifestation of rain-control, the transition from ritual to residential sites, and how these transitions articulated with the ritualised landscape. Specifically, I explore the local manifestation of rain-control and its relationship with the ideologies of farming communities in the period leading up to SLCA state formation, between AD 1000 and AD 1250. I also scrutinize the relationship of the Leopard’s Kopje elite with hunter-gatherers and other farming people on the same landscape, as this relationship was partly grounded in ritual and raincontrol. Furthermore, this thesis explores the ideological roots of the Mapungubwe state. The ideology manifest in the location of the Mapungubwe royal residential area germinated during the K2 occupation. In this period rain-control was slowly removed from nature and located in farmer society. The final step in this course was nationalising rain-control and locating it on Mapungubwe hill. Initially, however, rain-controllers resisted this centralisation.

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Sugere-se neste trabalho que o irrealismo constitui uma característica marcante da corrente dominante na ciência econômica que explica o desempenho decepcionante das atividades de previsão e explanação realizadas com base nesse paradigma. Após desenvolver o pouco claro conceito de irrealismo na ciência econômica, mostrando quando ele ocorre e quais são suas causas, busca-se relacionar sua presença com aquele desempenho decepcionante. Defende-se que ele pode ser explicado pela negligência da maior parte da corrente dominante em relação ao realismo de suas proposições, negligência traduzida na utilização amplamente difundida nas práticas dessa corrente de modelos irrealistas, que são aqueles que não buscam ou, se o fazem, não são bem-sucedidos em capturar uma parcela relevante da realidade. Sugere-se que o emprego de modelos irrealistas é geralmente - mas não sempre - o resultado da insistência do mainstream na ciência econômica em aderir à abordagem dedutivista em um mundo caracterizado pela não-ubiqüidade de regularidades estritas que ela invariavelmente pressupõe, e se manifesta tipicamente na aplicação generalizada em situações concretas de modelos econômicos fortemente abstratos cujos pressupostos implicam a operação de mecanismos que são inválidos nessas situações específicas. A explicação para esta tendência ao irrealismo do mainstream, por sua vez, se encontra no fato de que a grande maioria dos modelos elaborados a partir dessa perspectiva pressupõe a onipresença de estruturas de mercado competitivas a despeito de que em muitas - e mesmo na maioria das - situações reais elas estão claramente ausentes, o que decorre do viés ideológico que os economistas associados à corrente dominante possuem e que se caracteriza pela crença inequivoca nas insuperáveis virtudes do mecanismo de mercado e da propriedade privada como princípios orientadores centrais da organização da produção e mesmo da vida em sociedade. Essa crença se encontra na origem do liberalismo econômico tradicional e do neoliberalismo, e sua defesa obrigatoriamente requer que os mercados sejam, pelo menos em sua grande maioria, competitivos. Para satisfazer essa hipótese a ideologia neoliberal impõe à realidade a onipresença de estruturas de mercado competitivas, possíveis em abstrato mas geralmente ausentes em situações reais, o que faz com que os modelos construídos a partir da abordagem que a ela adere assim como a própria abordagem sejam freqüentemente irrealistas. / This work suggests that irrealism is a remarkable feature of mainstream in economics and explains the poor performance of both activities of prediction and explanation that heavily draw from this paradigm. After elaborating the unclear concept of irrealism in economics, showing when it occurs and what are its causes, I try to relate its presence to that poor performance. It\"s sustained that this performance can be explained by the negligence of most of mainstream practioners concerning the realism of their propositions, negligence that translates into the widely spread use of unrealistic models, those that do not try or, if they do, they don\"t succeed in capturing a relevant portion of the reality, in their practices. It\"s suggested that the use of such an unrealistic models is mostly - but not always - due to the insistence of mainstream economics in sticking to the deductivistic approach in a world where the strict regularities that it inevitably assumes are extremely scarce, and tipically shows itself in abstract models widely applied to concrete situations where their assumptions imply the operation of mechanisms that happen to be invalid in those specific situations. The account of that tendency to irrealism in mainstream economics should be looked for in the fact that the large majority of models they create assumes the ubiquity of competitive market structures despite in many real situations - probably in most of them - they are clearly absent, what is a result of the ideological bias that mainstream economists have, defined by the strong belief in the insurmountable virtues of the market mechanism and private property as general principles for the organization of production and even for life in society. This belief is found in the origin of traditional economical liberalism and of neoliberalism, and its defense inevitably requires markets to be, at least in their large majority, competitive. In order to satisfy that assumption neoliberal ideology imposes into reality the ubiquity of competitive market structures, possible as an abstraction but generally absent in real situations, what frequently making those models that heavily draw from this paradigm as well as the whole approach totally unrealistic.

This thesis presents a critical discourse analysis of Houston Stewart Chamberlain’s German nationalist war propaganda essays written between 1914 and 1917. Focussing on Chamberlain’s discursive strategies of manipulation, the analysis explores how he uses language to suggest to his readers that they have freedom of thought while actually reducing or eradicating their critical disagreement space. As language is the sole vehicle for the manipulative dissemination of ideology in written discourse, this research makes a contribution to understanding the workings of propaganda as ideology-driven mass manipulation by exposing the linguistic mechanisms therein. The thesis also contributes to broader Chamberlain scholarship and, specifically, to as yet scant scholarship on Chamberlain as a nationalist propagandist rather than as a race theorist. After analysing the topical content of the war essays and contextualising the results against the local and global context of Chamberlain’s Germany, an extensive text analysis is provided. The text analysis follows a targeted multi-methodological approach combining methods of critical discourse analysis with pragma-dialectics and corpus-assisted discourse studies. This incorporates a corpus-assisted analysis of keywords and concordances, and a qualitative close-reading analysis addressing discourse strategies of legitimisation and delegitimisation, coercion and dissimulation. The major finding produced by this research is that Chamberlain’s war essays are just as much legitimisations of the author and his essays as they are of the essays’ topical ideological propositions. They are characterised by strategies of ‘othering’ on two levels: the topical ideological ‘othering’ of Germany’s war enemies in relation to the German ‘self’ and, on the meta-level, of the ‘othering’ of the readers in relation to the authorial ‘self’. Using an elaborate metaphor scenario, he delegitimises the reader by undermining the epistemic certainty of their environment, and correspondingly legitimises himself as the source of ‘enlightenment’. Using strategies of abstractive legitimisation and delegitimisation, he makes the war a human-centric matter, the resolution of war reader-dependent, and the solution to the war author-dependent, ultimately making Chamberlain’s justification of the ideological message dependent on the justification of his authorial means.