This thesis examines the effect of foreign nationality on the outcomes of criminal process in the Czech Republic. Foreign citizens are overrepresented by 2% compared to their share in population in all stages of the criminal process, suggesting possible discrimination by domestic authorities. Using rich case level datasets from 2005 to 2015 observed gaps are decomposed to part explained by a difference in the objective characteristics of the cases and unexplained part, suggesting possible inequality of treatment. Foreigner gaps in probability of charge, probability of conviction, probability of imprisonment, length of the sentence and probability of release from prison on parole are decomposed. Majority of observed disparities in the outcomes can be attributed to higher involvement of foreigners in more serious crimes compared to nationals. Unexplained disparities remain in probability of imprisonment and probability of release on parole, suggesting possible unequal treatment in these two outcomes.

The thesis aims summarize political and legal framework of immigrant integration policies of Czech Republic and Slovakia. The main goal of thesis is to compare policies of these countries through comparative method and analyze what are their common characteristics and which features differ from each other. Attention is paid to influence of the European Union on development and form of integration policies of Czech and Slovak Republic, and on importance of international cooperation of these countries in this policy area. Thesis tries to confirm the hypothesis that integration policies of both compared countries are affected by regulations and documents adopted at the European Union level. Thesis consists of a theoretical part, analysis of integration policy of the European Union, analysis of integration policies of both countries and comparison of these policies. Analysis deals with development of these policies, legal framework, governmental and non-governmental institutions working in the field of immigrant integration and international cooperation of these countries within international organizations.

Over the summer, I had the opportunity to volunteer for a non-profit organization in California called CHIRLA (Coalition for Human Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles). My involvement with this organization has opened my eyes to the reality of the current immigration problem between the United States and Mexico. So much disparity is evident along the border. On one side stands the United States- a hegemonic country that encompasses a stable economy, well-built infrastructures, and political clout. On the southern side of the border stands Mexico- a country that has suffered from the lack of development and years of economic crisis. How can two countries, separated by only a border, be so different in their political, social, and economical features? This question has ignited my interest in researching the relations between Mexico and the United States, as their close geographical relationship has significant implications on their economic, political, and social settings. Recent concerns about U.S.-Mexico relations have escalated, as the issue of illegal immigration has made its way to the priority list of both Mexican and American political leaders. Never before has the concern to end drug trafficking and to decrease the number of illegal immigrants seemed to have been so publicly scrutinized. The international community has also been giving more attention to violation of human rights in developing countries, specifically in the labor sector. Relations between the United States and its close neighbor, Mexico, will continue to exist and deeply impact both countries and their populations. Policy choices and economic decisions will be affected, as well as people's lives--creating a sensitive environment that may be vulnerable to conflict. However, it is undeniable that the United States needs Mexico as much as Mexico needs the United States. U.S.-Mexico relations will only continue to be affected by illegal immigration, human rights violations, and drug trafficking. The time is now to strengthen our relations with our neighbor in order to build a unified force against the dangers lurking on both sides of the border. The U.S.-Mexico border covers 2,000 miles, encompassing four American and six Mexican states. Over the years, the relationship between the two countries has become one of strong interdependence. My thesis will explore the deep connections between the economies and societies of the United States and Mexico. Regardless of the disagreements and challenges they encountered, the U.S. and Mexico indeed share a history. This history connects both nations, inevitably making one dependent on the other. The United States heavily relies on other countries for resources, especially from its neighboring country. However, the dependence of Mexico on the United States is much higher. The United States, being a world power, undoubtedly has an economic advantage over Mexico, a country that continues to suffer from domestic political and economic problems. My thesis will introduce the current political, social, and economical state of Mexico and how it is being affected by its relationship with the United States. My. argument is that even though Mexico continues to demonstrate cooperation at the border, problems with income inequality, illegal immigration, illegal drugs, and human rights violations will still remain a crucial setback in the relationship between United States and Mexico.

Fazendo uso da teoria da interseccionalidade, a presente pesquisa objetiva caracterizar, através da interpretação da narrativa construída pelo jornal Le Soir sobre a comunidade congolesa em Bruxelas, o imaginário belga acerca dos fluxos migratórios entre a atual República Democrática do Congo e a Bélgica contemporânea, durante o lapso temporal compreendido entre 1989 e 2000. Neste esforço, dentro do período estabelecido, foi possível identificar as levas migratórias de congoleses e sua relação com os diferentes contextos políticos e econômicos do país africano; ficaram visíveis, também, uma realidade de falta de interseccionalidade nas políticas públicas, de abusos, por parte das autoridades, de insuficiência, por parte das instituições, e de estranhamento e exotização, por parte do belga, de forma geral, ante a comunidade imigrante congolesa e também africana presente no país / Using the theory of intersectionality, the present research aims to characterize, through the interpretation of the narrative constructed by the Belgian newspaper Le Soir on the Congolese community in Brussels, the Belgian imaginary of the migratory flows between the now Democratic Republic of Congo and contemporary Belgium, during the temporal lapse between 1989 and 2000. In this effort, within the period established, it was possible to identify the Congolese migratory movements and their relation with the different political and economic contexts of the African country; also, became explicit a lack of intersectionality in public policies, abuses by the authorities, a institutional insufficiency on the part of the institutions, and a relation of estrangement and exoticization, in general, on the part of the Belgian, regarding the Congolese and the African immigrant community living in the country

Fazendo uso da teoria da interseccionalidade, a presente pesquisa objetiva caracterizar, através da interpretação da narrativa construída pelo jornal Le Soir sobre a comunidade congolesa em Bruxelas, o imaginário belga acerca dos fluxos migratórios entre a atual República Democrática do Congo e a Bélgica contemporânea, durante o lapso temporal compreendido entre 1989 e 2000. Neste esforço, dentro do período estabelecido, foi possível identificar as levas migratórias de congoleses e sua relação com os diferentes contextos políticos e econômicos do país africano; ficaram visíveis, também, uma realidade de falta de interseccionalidade nas políticas públicas, de abusos, por parte das autoridades, de insuficiência, por parte das instituições, e de estranhamento e exotização, por parte do belga, de forma geral, ante a comunidade imigrante congolesa e também africana presente no país / Using the theory of intersectionality, the present research aims to characterize, through the interpretation of the narrative constructed by the Belgian newspaper Le Soir on the Congolese community in Brussels, the Belgian imaginary of the migratory flows between the now Democratic Republic of Congo and contemporary Belgium, during the temporal lapse between 1989 and 2000. In this effort, within the period established, it was possible to identify the Congolese migratory movements and their relation with the different political and economic contexts of the African country; also, became explicit a lack of intersectionality in public policies, abuses by the authorities, a institutional insufficiency on the part of the institutions, and a relation of estrangement and exoticization, in general, on the part of the Belgian, regarding the Congolese and the African immigrant community living in the country

Entre septembre 1947 et mars 1952, 1115 orphelins de la Shoah ont pu quitter l’Europe pour le Canada dans le cadre du War Orphans Project, un programme d’immigration mis en place par la principale organisation juive canadienne, le Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC). Cette thèse porte à la fois sur les trajectoires de ces jeunes rescapés et sur l’action des organisations qui les ont accompagnés en Europe et au Canada. En se basant essentiellement sur les dossiers individuels de demande de visa des orphelins, elle reconstitue leurs parcours de guerre et de sortie de guerre. À travers une articulation constante des dimensions, elle souhaite interroger les circulations migratoires des jeunes rescapés au-delà d’une lecture téléologique qui ferait du départ au Canada une évidence. Ce travail tient aussi le dossier comme un lieu d’observation des discours et des pratiques des adultes qui les remplissent. Ces derniers ont formulé un discours sur le retour à la normale des orphelins. Ils ont aussi cherché à clarifier sur le papier des identités que la guerre avait rendu confuses et à présenter les jeunes rescapés comme des migrants désirables pour les autorités canadiennes. L’analyse des dossiers comme mise en récit et présentation de l’autre par un tiers met au jour les pratiques administratives de catégorisation et d’assignation identitaire et donne à voir comment les orphelins ont tenté de s’adapter et de résister. / Between September 1947 and March 1952, 1115 Holocaust orphans were allowed to migrate to Canada as part of a refugee project sponsored by the Canadian Jewish Congress (CJC), at this time the main organization of the Canadian Jewry. This dissertation explores both the orphans’ trajectories and the work of the organizations that took care of them in Europe and Canada. Mostly based on the young survivors’ visa application files, it aims to map their paths during and immediately after the war through a microhistorical and transnational perspective. This dissertation also uses the casefiles as a material to grasp the discourses and practices of the adults that completed them. In every casefile, social and humanitarian workers developed ideas on how best to rehabilitate the orphans and help them to go back to a “normal life”. They also tried to stabilize identities confused by the war and to present the young survivors as desirable migrants in a way that was fitting Canadian authorities’ expectations. The analysis of the casefiles highlights how administrations categorize and impose identities but also how individuals manage to resist and adapt themselves.

Are Lithuanians leaving Lithuania? Facing the mass emigration phenomenon, such questions are more and more often asked not only by journalists who attempt at drawing the attention of the society to this issue, but also by politicians and public characters. There are many ways of thinking about this issue. Those who have gained well being in foreign countries, enjoy the benefits of migration. However, others worry about the negative impact on the demographical and social situation, as well as the negative influence on labor market of the country in the future. Alongside with many sob stories and declared determination to get remedies immediately, is possible to hear another opinion, stating that it is a civil liberty - freedom to travel to obtain a wealth of opportunities. Nowadays migration movement is becoming a global issue. Experts are voicing their concerns about the threats of emigration. Therefore, it is interesting whether the government of Lithuania has any cure for mass emigration. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the processes of emigration in Lithuania. In conclusion, the object of the paper is the emigration movement in Lithuania. The main thesis of this paper is to prove that the society is not aware of government’s remedies, which are rather ineffective at curbing the increasing emigration scale. In order to reach objectives set in the paper, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed to the residents of Joniškis Region Municipalities. So the... [to full text]

Orientador: Vera Lúcia Sabongi De Rossi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T11:05:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_ElianaNunesda_D.pdf: 6486065 bytes, checksum: 7205a0749b14722c965a4b0d46f9068a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa, desencadeada pelos depoimentos de ex-alunos, de uma ex-professora e referenciada por fontes documentais diversas, tem como objeto de estudo a história da Escola Mista que existiu no bairro Felipão, no município de Campinas (Estado de São Paulo), entre as décadas de 1920 e 1960. Tal narrativa é interpretada pela via principal da cultura escolar e das tensões existentes entre os processos instituídos pelas reformas educativas, no decorrer dos embates entre projetos políticos e pedagógicos no contexto republicano. Justificativas, inspiradas na ampla revisão bibliográfica, apontaram que são raros os estudos sobre a história da educação rural no Brasil e que a diversidade de escolas públicas primárias paulistas é tema ainda insuficientemente investigado pela História da Educação Brasileira. Com aportes teórico-metodológicos inspirados principalmente em Viñao Frago (2001), Portelli (1997), Souza & Faria Filho (2006), Demartini (1989), Schwartzman et. al. (2000), pautou-se na seleção e na análise de fontes documentais imagéticas, escritas (em especial do arquivo da instituição escolar) e na história oral, ou seja, em depoimentos dos entrevistados. Os objetivos principais foram o de narrar a história de uma comunidade de imigrantes italianos; caracterizar a cultura escolar da Escola Mista; analisar a expansão do ensino paulista; e organizar as fontes documentais para o arquivo da escola. Buscou-se problematizar a Escola Mista no movimento mais amplo das reformas educacionais conduzidas pelo governo republicano paulista e suas promessas democráticas de escolarização pública, no contexto da então política nacionalista do Estado Novo e do totalitarismo vigente. No interior da Escola Mista estudada, foi possível visualizar algumas das peculiaridades dessa modalidade de escola primária e suas ambiguidades nesse processo histórico. / Abstract: This research aims at studying the history of a public mixed school which took place at Felipão neighborhood in the city of Campinas São Paulo State between the decades of 1920 and 1960 based on the reports of previous students and a teacher, supported by different types of documents. The school history is interpreted mainly by the school culture and the existing tensions between established proceedings of educational reforms along with the resistance among political educational projects in the republican context. Arguments inspired by a vast range of bibliography reviews show that there are few publications about the rural school history in Brazil and that the diversity of public elementary schools in São Paulo State are themes insufficiently studied by Brazilian School History. Among theoretical and methodological contributions are Viñao Frago (2001) Portelli (1997) Souza & Faria Filho (2006), Demartini (1989), Schwartzman et. al. (2000) based on a source selection and the analysis of documental types pictures, writings (mainly from school files) and oral history from reports of the people who were interviewed. The main purposes were to report the history of a community of Italian immigrants, characterize the mixed school culture, analyze the expansion of teaching in São Paulo State, and organize documental sources of the school files. We brought into question the mixed school movement in a larger aspect of school reform led by the republican government of São Paulo State and its promises of democratization of the public schools within the nationalist politics context of the Estado Novo and the totalitarianism of that time. In the interior of the mixed school it was possible to visualize some of the peculiarities of this type of elementary school and its duality in this process. / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutora em Educação

- 1 - Abstract The aim of the diploma thesis is to present the selected aspects regarding the presence of the Greek community in the Berounsko region, who settled here in connection with the Greek post-war immigration into the Czechoslovakia in the late 40s and 50s of the 20th century. It is a historical and anthropological research in the field of contemporary history, elements of ethnology are also included. This project is seen as a contribution to the local contemporary history, as well as the history of the selected ethnic group in the Czech Republic. The key method used is the oral history. Due to the narrow definition of the topic were found only a limited amount of archival material that was reflected in the work. The literature was also used. To collaborate on the project agreed six male narrators and two female narrators of the Greek origin. Archival research was conducted at the National Archive in Prague, in the archives of the Czech Red Cross and the State Regional Archive in Beroun. The core of this paper consists of the selected thematic areas that should enable the achievement of the objective of the thesis. Among other things, the areas relate to memories of stories of parents in connection with the Greek civil war, their coming to Beroun and living here, the topics of their relationship to...

A ideia desta dissertação nasceu da pesquisa intitulada O Shuttle Migration dos brasileiros residentes no Japão sobre os fenômenos decasségui e o chamado Shuttle Migration. Desde o início do movimento decasségui, emigração dos brasileiros para o Japão, já se passaram mais de 20 anos. O referido movimento tem mostrado diversas mudanças, sendo uma delas o aparecimento de Shuttle Migration, doravante denominado como Migração Repetitiva. A Migração Repetitiva refere-se a pessoas migrantes que vão e retornam entre locais de residência, no caso, situados em países diversos, repetindo muitas vezes esse vai e volta. Muitos dos trabalhadores brasileiros no Japão tentam regressar para o Brasil, porém, frequentemente não conseguem readaptar-se e partem novamente. Neste trabalho, tentamos entender os motivos dessas idas e voltas através de contexto histórico-estrutural dos dois países. / This dissertations idea originated from the previous research about dekasegi phenomenon and Shuttle Migration, which title was The Shuttle Migration of Brazilian Workers in Japan. Since Brazilian workers emigration to Japan, a so-called dekasegi phenomenon started, over 20 years have passed. And, this phenomenon has showed various changes. One of them is appearance of Shuttle Migration called Repeated Migration in this dissertation. The term refers to the migrated people who goes and comes back between residential locations in different countries, often repeating this movement. Many of Brazilian workers in Japan try to return to Brazil, but frequently they cant readapt and go away again. In this dissertation, well try to understand causes of this repeated movement through the historical and structural contexts of both countries.