Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:29:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 versao_final_tese_rodrigorossi.pdf: 12772320 bytes, checksum: f15db1ed94fb9d0703755d1eb1a87b55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of the present thesis is to understand the way in which masculinities are instituted in the daily life of prison space. For this, I take as a space cutout the Hildenbrando de Souza prison located in the city of Ponta Grossa, in Paraná, as a prison spatiality experienced by young men living in its poors peripheries. The temporal cut of the research results from experiences of the investigated group in prison during the youth and that correspond to the period of 2005 to 2013. The researh operationalization involved two stages. The first is related to fieldwork, participant observation, and in-deth interviews with ten male prisioners in the prison system. The second lies in the challenge of constructing the object of study through a methodology of qualitative analysis following its own words and tendencies of meaning that they point out. The studied group trajectories are marked by the territorial experience linked to vulnerability and different illicit acts, diferent spatialities and networks of social relations that corroborate the idea of a trajectory of vulnerability to crime and imprisonment. The normativity constituted in the daily life of prison establishes simultaneous processes of adaptation, disciplinarization and reconfiguration of masculine performances, focusing on the body, food, market exchanges, among other forms of interaction. The prison space is understood as paradoxical because it presents tensions and repositions according to the coexistence between a diversity of subjects, trajectories and axes of inequality and oppression that imply in a type of situated intersectionality. Capable of establish internal differentiations and spatialities proper to the conviviality and spatiality of exile, where inmates who do not follow normativity or who demonstrate deviation to it in the course of their trajectories are banned. The practices of detainees, constituents of the paradoxical prison space, develop through tensions amid the prison system and penitentiary agents, as well as, they can turn to their own collective organization and intervention of penitentiary leaderships and inmates affiliated to the PCC. Therefore, the masculinities built in the daily imprisonment are important references to the constitution and conduct of daily life in prison. / A presente tese tem como objetivo compreender o modo pelo qual se instituem as masculinidades no cotidiano da espacialidade carcerária. Para isso tomo como recorte espacial a Cadeia Pública Hidelbrando de Souza localizada na cidade de Ponta Grossa, no Paraná, como espacialidade carcerária vivenciada por homens jovens habitantes de suas periferias pobres. O recorte temporal da pesquisa decorre das experiências do grupo investigado no cárcere durante a juventude e que correspondem ao período de 2005 a 2013. A operacionalização da pesquisa envolveu duas etapas. A primeira diz respeito ao trabalho de campo, a realização de obervação participante e entrevistas em profundidade com dez homens egressos do sistema carcerário. A segunda, reside no desafio de construir o objeto de estudo através de uma metodologia de análise qualitativa seguindo suas próprias palavras e tendências de sentido que elas apontam. As trajetórias do grupo estudado são marcadas pela vivência territorial ligada à vulnerabilidade e diferentes atos ilícitos, diferentes espacialidades e redes de relações de sociabilidade que corroboram com a ideia de uma trajetória de vulnerabilidade ao crime e à prisão. A normatividade constituída no cotidiano do espaço carcerário institui processos simultâneos de adaptação, de disciplinarização e reconfiguração das performances masculinas, incidindo sobre o corpo, alimentação, mercado de trocas, dentre outras formas de interação. O espaço carcerário é compreendido como paradoxal porque apresenta tensões e reposicionamentos de acordo a convivência entre uma diversidade de sujeitos, trajetórias e eixos de desigualdade e opressão que implicam num tipo de interseccionalidade situada. Capaz de estabelecer diferenciações internas e espacialidades próprias ao convívio e espacialidades de exílio, aonde são banidos os detentos que não seguem à normatividade ou que demonstram desvio à ela no decorrer de suas trajetórias. As práticas dos detentos, instituintes do espaço carcerário paradoxal, se desenvolvem em meio à tensões com o sistema carcerário e agentes penitenciários, assim como, podem se voltar a sua própria organização coletiva e intervenção de lideranças penitenciárias e detentos filiados ao PCC. Portanto, as masculinidades construídas no cotidiano carcerário configuram-se como importantes referenciais à constituição e condução da vida cotidiana na prisão.

Resources: This diploma thesis deals with the anti-toxicological Protective Treatment implemented within the conditions of the execution of the imprisonment test, namely within the Specialized Section for the Protective Treatment of Rýnovice Prison. The study is composed of the qualitative research that describes one specific section in detail. It consists of analysis of documents, observations and case studies of clients. Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to describe the implementation of Protective Treatment in prison and to map connections between this institute and proposal of measures leading to its improvement. Thesis also pursues to find out whether the convicts involved in Protective Treatment do actually take part in the process. Sample: The research sample consists of one specialized section of Protective Treatment, implemented by the Prison Service of Czech Republic. Methods: Used research methods comprise the analysis of the documents for the activities of the section and for the implementation of the Protective Treatment by the Prison Service of Czech Republic, further observations and two case reports of clients that acted as an issue demonstration. Case studies use an analysis of available documentation, including psychiatric reports, expertises, and individual psychotherapy with...

This dissertation is a legal and cultural history of personal debt in mid-nineteenth-century Moscow region. Historians have shown how the judicial reform of 1864 dismantled an old legal apparatus that was vulnerable to administrative interference and ultimately depended upon the tsar's personal authority, replacing it with independent judges, jury trials, and courtroom oratory. But as many legal scholars will agree, political rhetoric about law and high-profile appellate cases fail to capture the full diversity of legal phenomena. I therefore study imperial Russian law in transition from the perspective of individuals who used the courts and formed their legal strategies and attitudes about law long before the reform. I do so through close readings of previously unexamined materials from two major archives in Russia: the Central Historical Archive of Moscow and the State Archive of the Russian Federation, including the records of county- and province-level courts and administrative bodies, supplemented by the records of the charitable Imperial Prison Society. I also analyze the relevant legislation found in imperial Russia's Complete Collection of the Laws. Specific topics covered in the study include the cultural and social profiles of creditors and debtors and of their relations, the connection between debt and kinship structures and strategies, the institution of debt imprisonment and its rituals, various aspects of court procedure, as well as the previously unstudied issue of white-collar crime in imperial Russia. I have found that debt was ubiquitous in Russian life, as in other pre-industrial societies in which cash was scarce, incomes erratic, and formal credit institutions insufficient. It was also overwhelmingly personal, relying heavily on kinship, acquaintance, and the reputations of borrowers and lenders. My research contradicts the conventional view of Russian society at mid-century as a system of predominantly separate and closed estates. The system of private credit centered in Moscow connected merchants, civil servants, and the landowning gentry, and even wealthy peasants, some of whom lived or owned property in far-away provinces (privately-owned serfs were of course subordinate to their landlords in matters involving property). The credit network was sufficiently extensive and diverse to place an additional burden on Russia's already overworked legal system. The central theme of my study is the engagement of ordinary Russian lenders and borrowers of varying wealth and status, male and female, with each other and with the legal system (and through it with the state) during a crucial turning point in Russia's social and political history. My research also questions the dominant notion of a closed system of inquisitorial justice in pre-reform courts. The cases I examined reveal the pre-reform legal process as messy, incomplete, polyphonic, and open to extra-legal influences, including those of tsarist administrative officials. Private individuals retained significant discretion and initiative both according to the law and in practice, beginning with the way a debt transaction was formalized and ending with the decision to imprison a debtor or to commit an insolvent to a criminal trial. I therefore argue that pre-reform law with all its faults was a site of conflict, cooperation, and negotiation among diverse individuals seeking to protect and promote their property interests and between private persons and government officials. I show the law to be a key tool for Russia's propertied classes for asserting their own rights against other private individuals and/or against the state. Thus, I reinterpret the relationship between individuals and the administration, modifying the commonly held view of the Nicholaevan bureaucracy as a monolith imposing itself on the tsar's subjects. As the only study of imperial civil law in practice, this dissertation offers unique evidence on the operations of state and society in Russia at the key period of the Great Reforms, as well as establishes a basis for understanding subsequent legal developments.

The first historical account of federal crime control policy, "From Social Welfare to Social Control" contextualizes the mass incarceration of marginalized Americans by illuminating the process that gave rise to the modern carceral state in the decades after the Civil Rights Movement. The dissertation examines the development of the national law enforcement program during its initial two decades, from the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, which established the block grant system and a massive federal investment into penal and juridical agencies, to the Omnibus Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, which set sentencing guidelines that ensured historic incarceration rates. During this critical period, Presidential Administrations, State Departments, and Congress refocused the domestic agenda from social programs to crime and punishment. To challenge our understanding of the liberal welfare state and the rise of modern conservatism, "From Social Welfare to Social Control" emphasizes the bipartisan dimensions of punitive policy and situates crime control as the dominant federal response to the social and demographic transformations brought about by mass protest and the decline of domestic manufacturing. The federal government's decision to manage the material consequences of rising unemployment, subpar school systems, and poverty in American cities as they manifested through crime reinforced violence within the communities national law enforcement legislation targeted with billions of dollars in grant funds from 1968 onwards. By highlighting the role of race-neutral language in federal policy following civil rights legislation, the study also exposes the way structural racism endured after racism in the public sphere was no longer acceptable. Tracking the discretionary portion of the law enforcement budget that Congress permitted the White House to spend autonomously illustrates the way racism grounded color-blind crime control programs over time. With novel use of discretionary aid, White House Officials enlarged the federal government's influence over local authorities while still operating through the new states' rights paradigm the Safe Streets Act created via block grants. On the ground, federal law enforcement assistance heightened patrol forces in black urban neighborhoods and social institutions, causing disproportionate arrest rates and the unprecedented entrance of young Americans from areas of segregated poverty into state and federal penitentiaries. At the close of the first twenty years of the national law enforcement program, the number of inmates in American prisons had more than tripled. Ultimately, the dissertation questions the way the federal government helped to facilitate the process through which the state apparatus of punishment--including law enforcement, criminal justice, border management, and prison systems--quickly developed into its own viable industry in the context of urban deindustrialization and disinvestment. In contributing to debates about the persistence of poverty in the United States and drawing our attention to the federal government's role in sustaining punitive policy that first emerged in the 1960s, "From Social Welfare to Social Control" provides critical insight to one of the most important questions facing our society: why, in the land of the free, are more than one in a hundred American citizens in prison or jail?

Respect is a value whose importance in contemporary criminal justice many would endorse in principle. It is well-established that every person, by virtue of his or her humanity, has a claim to respect that need not be negotiated and cannot be forfeited. As the principal means by which to recognise a person's intrinsic worth, respect is attitudinal but also requires a degree of expressive action. The core claim of the thesis is that at two defining points in the criminal process - policing and imprisonment - there is an overwhelming preoccupation with instrumental outcomes, with the result that respect is understood reductively and, at best, as a weak side-constraint on the pursuit of those outcomes. The thesis takes the form of a sustained critique of the respect deficit in policing and imprisonment. It is especially concerned with the ways in which both institutions are merely constrained and not characterised by respect. Respect shows great flexibility as a concept of critical enquiry, in particular, in its striking capacity to sharpen our critique of a diverse range of policies and practices. It swiftly emerges, for example, that both institutions appeal to the word 'respect' - relying on its inclusive ethos in official documentation when it is expedient to do so - but rarely and only superficially address the prior question of what it is to respect and be respected. Despite much criminological activity on the 'democratic design' of these institutions in recent decades, respect is more akin to a slogan than a foundational value of criminal justice practice. Yet respect is not only of analytic merit. It is also a matter of material significance. The dominant institutional approach to respect would prove difficult to correct, sustained as it is by intuitive understandings, convenient fictions and a preoccupation with outcomes. With a sense of modest realism, the thesis concludes by considering how best to embed respect in policing and imprisonment, anticipating the challenges - as well as the advances that could be made - in inscribing respectful relations between state and subject.

Orientador: Ethel Volfzon Kominsky / Banca: Sérgio Fonseca / Banca: Maria Feffermann / Resumo: A prisão enquanto principal forma de punição aparece nas sociedades num período recente. Ela surge como a forma de punição por excelência a partir do século XIX com a sociedade industrial. No Brasil e no Estado de São Paulo, é com o advento da República e as idéias de progresso advindas com ela que se começa a pensar a prisão com uma maior acuidade; pois existia um forte pressuposto de que o desenvolvimento estava acoplado ao controle da criminalidade por meio da punição prisional. Nos últimos anos, o Governo do Estado de São Paulo vem implantando uma política de descentralização e de ampliação do número das unidades prisionais, acompanhando a política de mais encarceramento implementada em diversos países do ocidente. Uma das formas de descentralização ocorreu através da implantação dos chamados Centros de Ressocialização (CR), sendo que cada unidade abriga poucos detentos, com baixo grau de periculosidade. Nesse sentido, o trabalho aqui exposto aborda os jovens encarcerados em uma das unidades do CR no interior do Estado de São Paulo, onde entrevistamos doze detentos - com idades entre 18 e 21 anos -, além de funcionários da instituição. Com isso descortinamos as práticas institucionais, assim como as vivências desses detentos, relacionando essas questões ao modelo prisional no qual estão inseridos, ao controle social dos pobres conjugados com a política de mais encarceramento, para entendermos quem são esses presos e se existem diferenças desse modelo prisional frente aos presídios comuns e se o discurso da ressocialização se efetiva na prática. / Abstract: The prison as main form of punishment appears in societies in a recent period. It arises as a punishment form par excellence since the 19th century with the industrial society. In Brazil and State of Sao Paulo, is with the advent of Republic and the progress ideas that came with them that starts to think the prison with more accuracy; it was a strong thought that the development was connected to criminality control by the prison punishment. In the latest years the Sao Paulo Government have been introducing a decentralization policy and increase the number of unities, following the more imprisonment policy implemented in many occident countries. One of the forms of the decentralization happens with the introduction of the Centro de Ressocialização (CR), where each unity shelters little number of convicts with low grade of dangerous. In this direction, the work here exposed broach the convicts in one the unities of CR in State of Sao Paulo inland, where we interviewed twelve convicts - with ages between 18 and 21 years old- and workers of the institution. With this we try to argue institutional practices, and the living of these convicts, connecting this questions to the prison model that they are in, social control of the poverty, united to the more imprisonment policy to understand who these convicts are and if exist differences of the prison model to the ordinary prison and if the speech of re-socialization works in practice. / Mestre

This mixed methods dissertation is comprised of three papers that consider interrelated ways in which social bonds, within the context of parenting, are experienced by women recently involved with the corrections system. Types of social bonds considered include agency professionals, romantic partners, and children--all previously theorized to play a role during the reentry period. These social bonds are considered within the context of the challenges experienced during this period, and how and why these social bonds may--or may not--support women as they transition back into the community.

The number of children in the United States with an incarcerated parent continues to rise. Currently, more than 1.7 million children have at least one incarcerated parent. In addition, research has found that children with criminally involved parents are at a higher risk of also becoming offenders (Glaze & Maruschak, 2010). Research has shown that incarcerated parents' abilities to maintain communication with their children may decrease negative behaviors while incarcerated and may decrease the negative effects of being removed from their families. The current study utilizes secondary data to explore the types of communication incarcerated parents use in order to stay connected with their children. The goal is to understand gendered differences regarding how incarcerated mothers versus incarcerated fathers choose to communicate with their children, and to understand which forms of communication (letter writing, face to face visits, and phone calls) are utilized most often by incarcerated parents to maintain and strengthen the bonds with their children. Logistic Regressions identified that incarcerated mothers are more likely to have at least one visit, phone call, and will utilize more forms of communication in a month's time, with their children. These findings both support and contradict previous studies. Implications of the findings and further suggestions are discussed.

This thesis examines the uses and implications of historical and self-imposed asylums in several of Samuel Beckett's works, most notably Murphy, Malone Dies, and "First Love." The first half of this study compares several historical Irish and British asylums to Beckett's frictional institutions in order to illuminate the recurring motifs of sanity, asylums as retreats for the wealthy, and the links between prisons and asylums. I also examine Michel Foucault's theory of the Panopticon guards as an alternate reading of Beckett's views on sanity. In Murphy and Malone Dies, for example, Beckett questions what it means to be sane through his role reversals of nurses and patients. His often under qualified and sadistic nurses are depicted as the real lunatics while their patients seem quite sane in comparison. In the second portion of this study, I suggest that the self-imposed asylums in Murphy and "First Love" are in fact the protagonists' attempts at both erasing society and becoming physically invisible. Through and extended analysis of each text, I explore the various "cells" created by each hero as well as their social implications. By ostracizing themselves, for instance, I argue that the protagonists of Murphy and "First Love" gain a form of power that the protagonists of Molly and Malone Dies lack. Murphy's and "First Love"'s demands for "imprisonment" under their own terms once again reverse the roles of helpless patient and powerful nurse.

Harold Pinter is deeply intrigued by Franz Kafka&rsquo / s fiction. Both writers&rsquo / works are imbued with ambiguity or mystery, and the feelings of disintegration, evasiveness, and domination. The atmosphere of menace and terror permeate their works. Kafka&rsquo / s fiction is characterized by the existence of an invisible guilt, a prevailing sense of ambivalence and the impossibility to obtain knowledge from the omnipotent sources. The mainspring of menace in Pinter is usually the outside forces, which are latent and invisible. In Pinter&rsquo / s violent dramatic world, the individuals are subjected to an unreasonable treatment of torture, imprisonment and dehumanization. His recurrent theme of torture is in fact traceable to Kafka&rsquo / s themes of punishment and execution. The characters can find comfort neither in their physical surroundings nor in an understanding relationship with others, and finally they are driven into a state of disintegration of self-image. Man&rsquo / s predicament is reflected in a layered manner, embarking on his relationship with the outside world, and then moving towards his inner anguish about the self. This study focuses on the common aspects of the two literary figures in terms of the concept of menace. The sense of menace is reflected in certain human feelings like fear, insecurity and hopelessness. Menace may appear in a number of ways including physical, psychological and mental ways. However, the characters, in both Kafka&rsquo / s and Pinter&rsquo / s works, make use of some defense mechanisms to cope with menace. Evasiveness and inaction are efficient in situations where the dominant character exerts his power by means of the information obtained through questioning the victim. Pinter&rsquo / s characters also remain silent to protect themselves from the torture and violence exerted by the mechanism. The characters also question the system to gain insight to its true nature. Lastly, the individuals seek relief in self-delusion and denial of reality as the reality itself is essentially ruthless. All these coping strategies, however, prove fruitless in the end, and both Kafka&rsquo / s and Pinter&rsquo / s characters become a victim of unspecified menace.