<div>This research investigates the detection and exclusion of faulty global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements using a parameterized quadratic programming formulation (PQP) approach. Furthermore, the PQP approach is integrated with the integrity risk and continuity risk bounds of the Chi-squared advanced receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (ARAIM). The integration allows for performance evaluation of the PQP approach in terms of accuracy, integrity, continuity, and availability, which is necessary for the PQP approach to be applied to the vertical navigation in the performance-based navigation (PBN). In the case of detection, the PQP approach can also be integrated with the vertical protection level and the associated lower and upper bounds derived for the solution separation ARAIM. While there are other computationally efficient and less computationally efficient fault detection and</div><div>exclusion methods to detect and exclude faulty GNSS measurements, the strength of the PQP approach can summarized from two different perspectives. Firstly, the PQP</div><div>approach belongs to the group of the computationally efficient methods, which makes the PQP approach more favorable when it comes to detect and exclude multiple simultaneous faulty GNSS measurements. Secondly, because of the integration of the PQP approach with the integrity risk and continuity risk bounds of the Chi-squared</div><div>ARAIM, the PQP approach is among the first computationally efficient fault detection and exclusion methods to incorporate the concept of integrity, which lies in</div><div>the foundation of PBN. Despite the PQP approach not being a practical integrity monitoring method in its current form because of the combinatorial natural of the integrity risk bound calculation and the rather conservative integrity performance, further research can be pursued to improve the PQP approach. Any improvement on the integrity risk bound calculation for the Chi-squared ARAIM can readily be</div><div>applied to the integrity risk bound calculation for the PQP approach. Also, the connection between the PQP approach and the support vector machines, the application of the extreme value theory to obtain a conservative tail probability may shed light upon the parameter tuning of the PQP approach, which in turn will result in tight integrity risk bound.</div>

This study investigates the exclusion of rural communities from the postcolonial South African nation state as a result of the neoliberal agenda of the democratic government. This is a qualitative study that was conducted using a desktop analysis of literature and information on the case of the rural Xolobeni community and their resistance to mining. The secondary sources analysed included books, journal articles, news articles and online court documents. The study was also guided by the postcolonial concepts of the nation state and neoliberalism, which have both contributed to the conceptualisation of citizenship in the postcolonial world. The study found that economic growth-centred development in South Africa is often at the expense of those living in the poor communities of the country, such as in the rural areas (Capps &amp; Mnwana, 2015; Kunnie, 2000). Rural communities, such as the former Bantustans, are often stripped of their land rights and livelihood strategies without their consent, at the hands of the democratic government of South Africa under the guise of development. This study argues that this is an injustice that results in the exclusion of rural communities from the postcolonial nation state. This exclusion is not only undemocratic – it resembles the oppression of these communities that characterised apartheid in South Africa.

In this dissertation, we provide combinatorial methods to obtain the probabilistic mul-tivariate generating function that counts the occurrences of patterns in a text generated by a Markovian source. The generating function can then be expanded into the Taylor series in which the power of a term gives the size of a text and the coeÿcient provides the proba-bilities of all possible pattern occurrences with the text size. The analysis is on the basis of the inclusion-exclusion principle to pattern counting (Goulden and Jackson, 1979 and 1983) and its application that Bassino et al. (2012) used for obtaining the generating function in the context of the Bernoulli text source. We followed the notations and concepts created by Bassino et al. in the discussion of distinguished patterns and non-reduced pattern sets, with modifications to the Markovian dependence. Our result is derived in the form of a linear matrix equation in which the number of linear equations depends on the size of the alphabet. In addition, we compute the moments of pattern occurrences and discuss the impact of a Markovian text to the moments comparing to the Bernoulli case. The methodology that we use involves the inclusion-exclusion principle, stochastic recurrences, and combinatorics on words including probabilistic multivariate generating functions and moment generating functions.<br>

The contextualisation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in development attracts ample research interest in the field of ICT for Development (ICT4D). This study focuses on exploring the perspectives from which deep rural communities define development. In addition, this study seeks to understand the issues facing deep rural communities, as well as the effect that these issues have on community engagement in ICT4D initiatives. The core problem being considered is the differing views about the meaning of development as understood by the intended beneficiaries of development initiatives, compared to that which those working to develop deep rural communities hold. Furthermore, the role of ICT in development is also examined, with primary criticisms levelled against its use considered. In an attempt to understand these ideas, interpretive case study research is used and qualitative techniques applied to analyse data from the field work that was completed. The results confirm the dominance of basic human needs and economic growth ideas as the basis from which the majority of poor people define development. Moreover, the study reveals that, deep rural communities share the same sentiments as with the so-called development ‘experts’ regarding the importance of ICT in facilitating development goals. / Dissertation (MIT)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Informatics / unrestricted

This thesis is devoted to the problem of exclusion that Roma population is subject of in Czech republic. This exclusion is studied through "helping professions" - professional intervening actors that help Roma to overcome the exclusion. Results used in this text come from two ethnographic research projects realized between 2008-2013. The text contains mixed approach, inductive ethnographic, stemming from my extensive research data and deductive or theory-driven. Methodologically the research belongs to the broad area of qualitative approach to social research, especially cognitive anthropological, psychoanalytical and that of individual psychology. First theoretical part, using mainly concepts of cognitive anthropology and distibutive theory of culture is focused on the theoretical question of the concept of culture and how it can be used for the "Roma culture" concept in relationship with the question of "majority". The second part consists mainly of a reinterpretation of the question of exclusion and Roma culture from the point of view of the concept of distantiation and expands it into Frantz Fanon inspired theory of confrontation. Third part is predominatly empirical and ethnograpical and consists of an inquiry into cognitive models of the help from exclusion as observed in helping professions....

The purpose of the study is to examine whether norms and expectations about motherhood affect mothers and whether normative notions of motherhood are reproduced by mothers in today's society. We live in a society that is constantly changing, as is the role of mother. Becoming a mother is something that women do through socio-cultural aspects and norms and by reflecting on themselves in the role of mother. The study has used a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. There were six mothers who participated in the study, those who participated were students or working women. Previous research shows how norms and values as well as close contacts can be central factors in how women shape their mother roles, in addition, how deviant factors can affect women in their role and identity. The result was that the women in the study are influenced by some norms, they maintain and reproduce the norms and expectations that they think are good regarding motherhood and challenge the norms and expectations that they consider less good. In conclusion, the informants agreed that an obligation that exists in motherhood is to adapt to the child and the child's needs. / Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur normer och förväntningar kring moderskap påverkar mödrar och om normativa föreställningar av moderskap reproduceras av mammor i dagens samhälle. Vi lever i ett samhälle som förändras kontinuerligt, det gör även modersrollen. Att bli mamma är något som kvinnor gör via sociokulturella aspekter och normer samt genom att reflektera kring sig själv i rollen som mamma. Det var ett kvalitativt förhållningssätt med semistrukturerade intervjuer som användes i studien. Det var sex mödrar som deltog i studien, de som deltog var studerande eller arbetade kvinnor. Den tidigare forskningen visar hur normer och värderingar samt nära kontakter kan vara centrala faktorer i hur kvinnor formar sina modersroller, dessutom presenteras hur ett avvikande faktorer kan påverka kvinnorna i deras roll och identitet. Resultatet var att kvinnorna i studien blir påverkade av en del normer, de upprätthåller och reproducerar de normer och förväntningar som de tycker är bra gällande moderskapet och utmanar de normer och förväntningar som de anser som mindre bra. Avslutningsvis var informanterna eniga om att en förpliktelse som finns på moderskapet är att anpassa sig efter barnet och barnets behov.

The purpose of this study is to investigate incels as a case of a social movement. Incels stands for involuntary celibacy and describes men who consider themselves to be unattractive and live a life without sexual relations. The group is homogenous and consists of outcast men who has created their own forums on the internet. Previous research has focused a lot on studying incels misogynic views, loneliness and violence, but yet the group has not been studied as a case of a social movement. By using netnographic hidden observations on the incelforum Incels.is, this study will answer our research questions concerning how the community is constructed on Incels.is and how they describe their exclusion from the society. The study’s theoretical framework is based on Melucci’s theory of collective identity and Goffman’s theory of stigma. To study incels as a social movement, we constructed an ideal type to help us understand what aspects of what a social movement consists of to investigate how incels community is constructed.  The results shows that the incels community is constructed by using their own language and symbols, different forms of emotional investments such as empathy and compassion to support each other, and their shared beliefs of what characterize an incel where the recognition creates an opportunity for them to feel united with the group. Another explanation for incels community is that the group are in a political conflict where their common societal goal is to change the prevailing social structure. Finally, the members of Incels.is believe that society has forced them into exclusion because of not fulfilling the norms and expectations that society has. Therefore, incels has consolidate a victim role in response to the negative perception of those around them.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur tre olika skolor inom samma utbildningsområde tar emot och utbildar nyanlända elever för att på så sätt synliggöra de bidragande faktorerna, och hindren, för ett lyckat inkluderingsarbete.Tidigare forskning i ämnet tyder på att det skiljer sig mycket åt mellan skolorna i Sverige vad gäller mottagning och inkludering av nyanlända elever. Studien gjordes ur ett kvalitativt perspektiv, med 4 semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från 3 olika skolor inom samma utbildningsområde. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten var det sociokulturella-, relationella- och interkulturella perspektivet.Resultatet av studien visar att det skiljer sig mycket åt vad gäller inkluderingsarbetet av nyanlända elever på de undersökta skolorna. Framförallt använder sig skolorna av olika organisationsmodeller. Precis som tidigare forskning visar, tyder studien på att den bäst lämpade organisationsmodellen för ett lyckat inkluderingsarbete är succesiv inslussning. / The aim of this study is to examine how three different schools within the same educational area receive and educate newly arrived students in order to visualize the contributing factors, and the obstacles, for a successful inclusion.Previous research on the subject indicates that there is a lot of difference between the schools in Sweden in terms of reception and inclusion of newly arrived students. The study was conducted from a qualitative perspective, with 4 semi-structured interviwes with representatives from 3 different schools within the same educational area. The theoretical starting point was the sociocultural-, relational- and intercultural perspective.The results of the study show that there is a lot of difference in how the schools work with inclusion of newly arrived students, in particular, the schools use different organizational models. As previous research shows, the study suggest that the best suited organizational model for successful inclusionwork is suseptible inclusion.

This thesis investigates the problematization of ethnic minorities living in deprived residential areas in Denmark. The study focus on the whitepaper “Ét Danmark uden parallelsamfund – Ingen ghettoer I 2030” published by the Danish government in 2018. The theoretical framework incorporated in the thesis are Gilroy’s concepts of new racism, nation camps and in between different camps, Hervik’s approach of the three elements together with Andersson’s concept of imagined communities. By using Bachhi’s poststructural WPR approach together with the above mentioned theory, this paper finds that the Danish government creates a discourse where ethnic minorities are problematized due to their ethnicity and culture and it becomes a way to legitimize certain initiatives. This thesis argues that the social diagnosis is wrong and that the ghetto plan could be interpreted as racist.

No description available.