Orientador: Eunice Oba / Coorientador: Álan Maia Borges / Banca: Fernanda da Cruz Landim / Banca: Fabiana Ferreira de Souza / Banca: Luiz Sérgio de Almeida Camargo / Banca: Moysés dos Santos Miranda / Resumo: Esta pesquisa pretendeu estabelecer estratégias para aumentar a eficiência da produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) bubalinos. Neste contexto, avaliou a eficiência de protocolos de sincronização de doadoras de oócitos bubalinas visando aumentar a disponibilidade e qualidade dos oócitos obtidos pela aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassom (OPU) e o efeito da fonte de obtenção dos oócitos sobre a quantidade e qualidade dos mesmos. Além disso, analisou-se o efeito do fotoperíodo sobre a quantidade e qualidade do oócitos disponíveis, além da competência destes expressos pelas taxas de PIVE. Por fim, avaliou-se o efeito da adição do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides (OELO) nas concentrações de 2,5; 5,0 e 10μg/mL, no meio de maturação in vitro (MIV) sobre as taxas de maturação oocitária, qualidade embrionária e PIVE em bovinos e bubalinos. Ovários e oócitos de animais não protocolados, protocolados por aspiração prévia dos folículos e protocolados com uso de hormônios esteróides e gonadotróficos, foram avaliados ultrassonograficamente e de acordo com a qualidade dos oócitos recolhidos por OPU. Demonstrou-se não haver variação na população folicular, no número e na qualidade dos oócitos recuperados por sessão, exceto uma redução dos folículos e oócitos Grau A foi notada quando o ciclo estral foi sincronizado por aspiração prévia dos folículos(p<0,05). Em relação a fonte de obtenção, para todos parâmetros avaliados, foi notada superioridade quando oócitos são recuperados de ovários de frigorífico(p<0,05). A qualidade dos oócitos recolhidos por OPU e a PIVE bubalinos foi influenciada pelo fotoperíodo na região estudada, elevando-se durante os meses de baixa luminosidade(p<0,05), fato não observado em bovinos. Por fim, a partir de avaliações da cromatina com DAPI, encontrou-se uma elevação da taxa de maturação nuclear em bovinos quando utilizou-se concentrações de... / Abstract: This study aimed to develop strategies to increase the efficiency of buffalo in vitro embryo production (IVEP). In this context, we evaluated the efficiency of synchronization protocols on buffalo oocyte donor aimed at increasing the availability and quality of oocytes obtained by ovum pick-up (OPU) and the effect of the source of obtaining oocytes on the quantity and quality. In addition, we analyzed the effect of photoperiod on the quantity and quality of oocytes available on ovary, beyond the competence of those expressed by the blastocyst rate. Finally, we evaluate the effect of essential oil of Lippia origanoides (EOLO) added at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10μg/ml, on in vitro maturation (IVM) media over oocyte maturation rate, embryo quality and IVEP on cattle and buffalo. Ovaries and oocytes of animals without protocol, protocol by prior aspiration of follicles and protocol with use of steroids and gonadotropic hormones were evaluated by ultrasonography and according to the of oocyte quality. It was demonstrated not vary the follicular population, number and quality of oocytes retrieved per session between the protocols but a reduction of follicles and Grade A oocytes was noted when the follicles were aspirated previously OPU. Regarding the oocyte source (live animals and abattoir ovaries), all evaluated parameters showed superiority when oocytes were derived from abattoir ovaries. The quality of oocytes collected by OPU and IVEP buffaloes was influenced by photoperiod in the region studied, increased when daylight decreases, which was not observed in cattle. Finally, from evaluations of chromatin stained with DAPI, it was found that bovine nuclear maturation rate increased when used concentrations of 2,5μg/ml EOLO. The quality of oocytes, expressed by cell number, increased when used concentrations of 2.5 and 5μg/ml of EOLO in buffaloes. Although it has not changed the blastocyst rate of PIVE in both species, the EOLO has ... / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-17T16:51:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-05-17T16:55:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858340.pdf: 1640939 bytes, checksum: fc02bd8ed0c9991ee8bbed594e41a5a7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta pesquisa pretendeu estabelecer estratégias para aumentar a eficiência da produção in vitro de embriões (PIVE) bubalinos. Neste contexto, avaliou a eficiência de protocolos de sincronização de doadoras de oócitos bubalinas visando aumentar a disponibilidade e qualidade dos oócitos obtidos pela aspiração folicular guiada por ultrassom (OPU) e o efeito da fonte de obtenção dos oócitos sobre a quantidade e qualidade dos mesmos. Além disso, analisou-se o efeito do fotoperíodo sobre a quantidade e qualidade do oócitos disponíveis, além da competência destes expressos pelas taxas de PIVE. Por fim, avaliou-se o efeito da adição do óleo essencial de Lippia origanoides (OELO) nas concentrações de 2,5; 5,0 e 10μg/mL, no meio de maturação in vitro (MIV) sobre as taxas de maturação oocitária, qualidade embrionária e PIVE em bovinos e bubalinos. Ovários e oócitos de animais não protocolados, protocolados por aspiração prévia dos folículos e protocolados com uso de hormônios esteróides e gonadotróficos, foram avaliados ultrassonograficamente e de acordo com a qualidade dos oócitos recolhidos por OPU. Demonstrou-se não haver variação na população folicular, no número e na qualidade dos oócitos recuperados por sessão, exceto uma redução dos folículos e oócitos Grau A foi notada quando o ciclo estral foi sincronizado por aspiração prévia dos folículos(p<0,05). Em relação a fonte de obtenção, para todos parâmetros avaliados, foi notada superioridade quando oócitos são recuperados de ovários de frigorífico(p<0,05). A qualidade dos oócitos recolhidos por OPU e a PIVE bubalinos foi influenciada pelo fotoperíodo na região estudada, elevando-se durante os meses de baixa luminosidade(p<0,05), fato não observado em bovinos. Por fim, a partir de avaliações da cromatina com DAPI, encontrou-se uma elevação da taxa de maturação nuclear em bovinos quando utilizou-se concentrações de... / This study aimed to develop strategies to increase the efficiency of buffalo in vitro embryo production (IVEP). In this context, we evaluated the efficiency of synchronization protocols on buffalo oocyte donor aimed at increasing the availability and quality of oocytes obtained by ovum pick-up (OPU) and the effect of the source of obtaining oocytes on the quantity and quality. In addition, we analyzed the effect of photoperiod on the quantity and quality of oocytes available on ovary, beyond the competence of those expressed by the blastocyst rate. Finally, we evaluate the effect of essential oil of Lippia origanoides (EOLO) added at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0 and 10μg/ml, on in vitro maturation (IVM) media over oocyte maturation rate, embryo quality and IVEP on cattle and buffalo. Ovaries and oocytes of animals without protocol, protocol by prior aspiration of follicles and protocol with use of steroids and gonadotropic hormones were evaluated by ultrasonography and according to the of oocyte quality. It was demonstrated not vary the follicular population, number and quality of oocytes retrieved per session between the protocols but a reduction of follicles and Grade A oocytes was noted when the follicles were aspirated previously OPU. Regarding the oocyte source (live animals and abattoir ovaries), all evaluated parameters showed superiority when oocytes were derived from abattoir ovaries. The quality of oocytes collected by OPU and IVEP buffaloes was influenced by photoperiod in the region studied, increased when daylight decreases, which was not observed in cattle. Finally, from evaluations of chromatin stained with DAPI, it was found that bovine nuclear maturation rate increased when used concentrations of 2,5μg/ml EOLO. The quality of oocytes, expressed by cell number, increased when used concentrations of 2.5 and 5μg/ml of EOLO in buffaloes. Although it has not changed the blastocyst rate of PIVE in both species, the EOLO has ...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-30. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855269_20160630.pdf: 286543 bytes, checksum: 5020c7c1a34954f8c74ab47264e00554 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-07-01T13:02:22Z: 000855269_20160630.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-01T13:03:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855269.pdf: 729163 bytes, checksum: e2cf9859667e5147b04332c894c07c5a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 recombinante-3 (IGF-LongR3), um análogo sintético do IGF-1 de maior biodisponibilidade, ainda não foi utilizado no meio de maturação in vitro (MIV) de complexos cumulus-oócito (CCOs). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar os efeitos da adição de IGF-LongR3 e do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 (IGF-1) na MIV de CCOs bovinos, sobre a progressão meiótica, apoptose e expressão de genes nos oócitos (GDF9, BMP15, BAX, BCL2, OOSP1, IGFBP2, IGBFP4 e IGFBP5) e respectivas células do cumulus (AREG, EGFR, FSHR, COX2, BAX, BCL2, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 e IGFBP5). Ovários bovinos foram coletados em abatedouro, sendo selecionados 739 CCOs após aspiração de folículos de 2-8mm de diâmetro. A MIV foi realizada em meio base de maturação contendo IGF-1 (100ng/mL), IGF-LongR3 (100ng/mL), e dois grupos controles: 0,1% de álcool polivinílico (PVA) ou 10% de soro fetal bovino (SFB), durante 22-24 horas em estufa a 38,5ºC e 5% de CO2. Posteriormente os oócitos foram desnudados e preparados para a técnica de TUNEL, coloração Hoechst 33342 e RT-qPCR, intencionando-se avaliar a apoptose, maturação nuclear e a expressão gênica, respectivamente. A análise estatística foi realizada por um modelo linear de efeitos mistos, o qual relacionou a mudança de estádio de metáfase 1 para metáfase 2 e a ausência de apoptose entre os grupos experimentais, pelo programa lmer4. Os testes ANOVA e Tukey foram utilizados para análise dos resultados obtidos pelo RT-qPCR. Ao final de dez réplicas de MIV foram avaliados 339 (n= 5 réplicas) oócitos quanto à progressão meiótica e apoptose e 400 (n= 5 réplicas) quanto à expressão gênica. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os grupos experimentais com relação à progressão meiótica e apoptose. Foi possível detectar a expressão de mRNA para todos os genes avaliados nos oócitos e respectivas células... / The insuline like growth factor-1 recombinant-3 (LongR3-IGF-1) a synthetic analogue of IGF-1 with greater bioavailability has not yet been used in in vitro maturation medium of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of LongR3-IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) addition in the IVM of bovine oocytes on meiotic progression, apoptosis, and genic expression COCs (GDF9, BMP15, BAX, BCL2, OOSP1, IGFBP2, IGBFP4 e IGFBP5) and their respectively cumulus cells (AREG, EGFR, FSHR, COX2, BAX, BCL2, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 e IGFBP5). Bovine ovaries were collected in slaughterhouse being selected 739 oocytes after aspiration of follicles from 2-8mm diameter. In vitro maturation (IVM) was performed on basic maturation medium containing IGF-1 (100 ng/ml), LongR3-IGF-1 (100ng/ml), and two control groups: 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), for 22-24 hours in an incubator at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Subsequently oocytes were denuded and prepared for TUNEL technique, staining Hoechst 33342 and RT-qPCR, intending to evaluate apoptosis, nuclear maturation and gene expression, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed effects model, which correlated the change in metaphase stage 1 to 2 and the absence of apoptosis among the experimental groups. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the results obtained by RTqPCR. After ten replicas of IVM, 339 oocytes (n=5 pools) were evaluated for meiotic progression and apoptosis and 400 (n=5 pools) for gene expression. There was no statistical difference (P>0,05) between the experimental groups with respect to meiotic progression and apoptosis. It was possible to detect mRNA expression of all evaluated genes in the oocyte and its cumulus cells in all experimental groups. There was statistical difference between the group 10% FBS and IGF-1 and LongR3-IGF-1 groups for the expression of gene IGFBP4 in ...

Orientador: Fernanda da Cruz Landim-Alvarenga / Coorientador: Anthony César de Souza Castilho / Banca: Mariana Fernandes Machado / Banca: Ester Siqueira Caixeta / Resumo: O fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 recombinante-3 (IGF-LongR3), um análogo sintético do IGF-1 de maior biodisponibilidade, ainda não foi utilizado no meio de maturação in vitro (MIV) de complexos cumulus-oócito (CCOs). Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar os efeitos da adição de IGF-LongR3 e do fator de crescimento semelhante à insulina-1 (IGF-1) na MIV de CCOs bovinos, sobre a progressão meiótica, apoptose e expressão de genes nos oócitos (GDF9, BMP15, BAX, BCL2, OOSP1, IGFBP2, IGBFP4 e IGFBP5) e respectivas células do cumulus (AREG, EGFR, FSHR, COX2, BAX, BCL2, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 e IGFBP5). Ovários bovinos foram coletados em abatedouro, sendo selecionados 739 CCOs após aspiração de folículos de 2-8mm de diâmetro. A MIV foi realizada em meio base de maturação contendo IGF-1 (100ng/mL), IGF-LongR3 (100ng/mL), e dois grupos controles: 0,1% de álcool polivinílico (PVA) ou 10% de soro fetal bovino (SFB), durante 22-24 horas em estufa a 38,5ºC e 5% de CO2. Posteriormente os oócitos foram desnudados e preparados para a técnica de TUNEL, coloração Hoechst 33342 e RT-qPCR, intencionando-se avaliar a apoptose, maturação nuclear e a expressão gênica, respectivamente. A análise estatística foi realizada por um modelo linear de efeitos mistos, o qual relacionou a mudança de estádio de metáfase 1 para metáfase 2 e a ausência de apoptose entre os grupos experimentais, pelo programa lmer4. Os testes ANOVA e Tukey foram utilizados para análise dos resultados obtidos pelo RT-qPCR. Ao final de dez réplicas de MIV foram avaliados 339 (n= 5 réplicas) oócitos quanto à progressão meiótica e apoptose e 400 (n= 5 réplicas) quanto à expressão gênica. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre os grupos experimentais com relação à progressão meiótica e apoptose. Foi possível detectar a expressão de mRNA para todos os genes avaliados nos oócitos e respectivas células... / Abstract: The insuline like growth factor-1 recombinant-3 (LongR3-IGF-1) a synthetic analogue of IGF-1 with greater bioavailability has not yet been used in in vitro maturation medium of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of LongR3-IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) addition in the IVM of bovine oocytes on meiotic progression, apoptosis, and genic expression COCs (GDF9, BMP15, BAX, BCL2, OOSP1, IGFBP2, IGBFP4 e IGFBP5) and their respectively cumulus cells (AREG, EGFR, FSHR, COX2, BAX, BCL2, IGFBP2, IGFBP4 e IGFBP5). Bovine ovaries were collected in slaughterhouse being selected 739 oocytes after aspiration of follicles from 2-8mm diameter. In vitro maturation (IVM) was performed on basic maturation medium containing IGF-1 (100 ng/ml), LongR3-IGF-1 (100ng/ml), and two control groups: 0.1% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), for 22-24 hours in an incubator at 38.5°C and 5% CO2. Subsequently oocytes were denuded and prepared for TUNEL technique, staining Hoechst 33342 and RT-qPCR, intending to evaluate apoptosis, nuclear maturation and gene expression, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed effects model, which correlated the change in metaphase stage 1 to 2 and the absence of apoptosis among the experimental groups. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the results obtained by RTqPCR. After ten replicas of IVM, 339 oocytes (n=5 pools) were evaluated for meiotic progression and apoptosis and 400 (n=5 pools) for gene expression. There was no statistical difference (P>0,05) between the experimental groups with respect to meiotic progression and apoptosis. It was possible to detect mRNA expression of all evaluated genes in the oocyte and its cumulus cells in all experimental groups. There was statistical difference between the group 10% FBS and IGF-1 and LongR3-IGF-1 groups for the expression of gene IGFBP4 in ... / Mestre

As a functional unit involved in both maintaining endocrine homeostasis and also producing mature eggs, the ovary plays a central role in female reproduction. The development and function of the ovarian follicles are controlled by gonadotropins released from the pituitary. It is widely accepted that the action of gonadotropins on ovarian follicles is mediated by paracrine/autocrine factors produced by the somatic cells surrounding the oocyte. Increasing evidence indicates that the Igf system is involved in mediating the action of gonadotropins in the ovary. Previously, we identified a gonad-specific Igf subtype (Igf3) distinct from Igf1 and Igf2. This fmding further highlights the importance of the Igf system in the fish ovary. In this thesis, efforts were made to understand the role of the Igf system in ovary using zebrafish as the model organism, and attention was focused on Igf3. / Because the expression of Igf3 is correlated with the LH receptor in zebrafish follicles, the regulation of igf3 by gonadotropins was subsequently studied in the ovary. The expression of igf3 was significantly up-regulated in both ovarian fragments and isolated follicles upon treatment with hCG in dose- and time-dependent manners. Treatment with 8-Br-cAMP or IBMX mimicked the effects of hCG on the expression of igf3 in follicles of different stages. / Four Igfs are present in zebrafish, and our results show that all four igfs are expressed in the ovary of zebrafish and exhibit the differential expression profiles during folliculogenesis. Using a primary culture of zebrafish follicle cells, we demonstrated that hCG stimulated igf2b and igf3 expression but suppressed igf2a expression. Moreover, the effect of gonadotropin could be mimicked by IBMX, which increased the intracellular levels of cAMP, suggesting the possible involvement of cAMP in the gonadotropin-based regulation and differential expression of igf2a, igf2b and igf3. These results also show that the Igf3 is the Igf subtype most sensitive to gonadatropin and cAMP. / In addition, the expression patterns of igf1, igf2a, igf2b, igf3, igf1ra and igf1rb were also studied during zebrafish embryogenesis. The unique temporal and spatial expression patterns of igf1, igf2a, igf2b, igf3, igf1ra and igf1rb were revealed by both real-time PCR and whole mount in situ hybridization, the results suggest divergent functions for these Igfs in early zebrafish development. / Taken together, the present studies provide substantial information about the Igf system, especially that of Igf3 in the zebrafish ovary. Data were gathered regarding Igf3 expression, regulation and functions, which is not only helpful for the understanding of the role of the Igf system in fish reproduction, but also contributes toward uncovering the ovarian signaling network involved in oocyte maturation across vertebrates. This study of igfs gene expression provides direct information to the study of Igf signaling in zebrafish. / To study the function of Igf3, bioactive recombinant Igf3 proteins were prepared using a bacterial expression system. Incubation of follicles with recombinant zebrafish Igf3 significantly enhanced oocyte maturation in time-, dose- and stage-dependent manners. The potential mechanisms of Igf3-induced oocyte maturation were then investigated. Igf3 stimulated oocyte maturation via a steroid-independent manner. Igf3 induced oocyte maturation through Igf1rs and the PI3 kinase, PDE3 and MAP kinase were necessary for Igf3-mediated oocyte maturation in zebrafish. / We first examined the gene expression patterns of Igf3 in the ovary. The igf3 gene in zebrafish was found to be alternatively spliced into two transcripts, with transcript variant 1 exclusively expressed in the gonads and transcript variant 2 only expressed during early development. Using specific antibodies developed for zebrafish Igf3, both the prepropeptide and the mature peptide forms of Igf3 were found to be predominantly expressed in the zebrafish ovary. Real-time PCR and in situ hybridization revealed that igf3 mRNA levels were relatively low in the early follicles but significantly increased after the mid vitellogenic stage (midstage III) and were high in the full grown follicles. In the full grown follicles, igf3 mRNA was detected primarily in the somatic follicular cells, with a low level of expression in the oocytes. Igf3 immunoreactivity was confined to the follicular cells alone. / Li, Jianzhen. / Advisers: Hui Zhao; Hon Ki Christopher Cheng. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-06, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-150). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.