Childhood sexual abuse among males has been associated with many negative psychological outcomes. Studies have attempted to identify which sexual abuse characteristics (e.g., duration, age of onset) are associated with mental health difficulties. While informative, this research has been mostly limited to variable-centered analyses, which do not capture the heterogeneity in males’ abuse experiences and psychological presentations. This two-part dissertation advances our understanding of how best to measure childhood sexual abuse and how to account for the diversity of sexual abuse experiences and outcomes among men using a person-centered approach. Given that there are few validated measures of childhood sexual abuse, the first study examined the psychometric properties of a commonly-used measure in the sexual abuse literature, the Sexual Victimization Survey (SVS; Finkelhor, 1979). Once the validity and reliability of the SVS were established, the SVS was used to generate profiles on the basis of abuse characteristics (Study 2). Data for both studies were drawn from a sample of 302 males (85% Caucasian) aged 18 to 65 years seeking support for childhood sexual abuse. Participants completed a modified version of the SVS as well as the sexual abuse subscale of the Childhood Experiences of Violence Questionnaire-Short Form (CEVQ-SF; Tanaka et al., 2012). Twenty-one males completed the SVS again one week later for test-retest purposes. The SVS showed high inter-rater reliability on sexual abuse status and sexual abuse characteristics. Most males (85%) who endorsed sexual abuse on the SVS did so on the CEVQ-SF, resulting in fair concurrent validity. The SVS showed perfect one-week test-retest reliability on abuse status, as well as good to excellent agreement on sexual abuse characteristics between the initial and one week time points. Given the strong psychometric properties of the modified SVS, it was then used to generate childhood sexual abuse profiles in Study 2. Once participants with significant missing data were deleted, 215 men remained and were included in the generation of profiles. Latent profile analyses revealed three distinct profiles which varied in the severity of abuse experiences. The Severe profile (n = 56, 26%) depicted sexual abuse which began in mid-childhood and consisted of a one or two time fondling by an unfamiliar extrafamilial perpetrator. Men in the More Severe profile (n = 71, 33%) also experienced abuse in mid-childhood by an extrafamilial perpetrator, but experienced more severe sexual acts that spanned several months to several years. Men in this profile were emotionally closer to their perpetrators prior to abuse onset than males in the Severe profile. The Most Severe profile (n = 88, 41%) depicted abuse which began in early childhood and consisted of very severe sexual acts by trusted individuals both within and outside of the family. Men in the Most Severe were significantly more likely to concurrently have experienced child emotional and physical abuse as well as a greater number of non-victimization adversities, compared with men in the other two profiles. Profiles varied with respect to psychological outcomes. Males in the More Severe and Most Severe profiles reported significantly more internalizing problems than men in the Severe profile, and men in the Most Severe profile reported significantly more trauma symptoms than men in the Severe profile. Certain contextual variables were also associated with greater psychological difficulties, namely greater present-day use of avoidant coping predicted more internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as greater trauma symptoms. Worse childhood family functioning was associated with more internalizing and externalizing problems, and disclosure of the abuse (compared to non-disclosure) was associated with more externalizing problems and trauma symptoms. These results have several research and clinical implications, including tailoring assessment and treatment to meet the individual needs of male survivors.

59 ENGLISH ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is an interpretation of English trust law, including historical context and comparative application of the acquired knowledge on the Czech legal institute of "svěřenský fond". A critical assessment of the legal regulations governing "svěřenský fond" is followed by theoretical consideration of its legal nature. The work, except the introduction and conclusion, is divided into four main chapters, with the first chapter dealing with the historical roots of the trust. The reader will become familiar with the Roman fideicomissum, the English legal institute called "use" and its influence on the emergence of the law of equity. She will also learn how use turned into trust and what the economic reasons for such a change were. The second part defines the English trust, describes it and clarifies the three main conditions for its creation under applicable law - the three certainties. Further, it will explain who the settlor, trustee and beneficiary are, along with their rights and obligations. It also focuses on the three main types of trusts. Express trusts, created by an act of the settlor and the resulting and constructive trusts, which are created by decision of the courts. The third chapter concerns itself with the "svěřenský fond", as stipulated by the Czech Civil...

Abstract By acknowledging pain as subjective and only fully perceived by the person in pain, the main aim of this study was to report on the use of qualitative child interviewing and drawings as a research method to elicit hospitalized children’s perceptions and descriptions of their pain experience. Further, the second aim was to contribute to the improvement of pain assessment and management in hospitalized children by approaching the question from the children’s point of view through their words and drawings. Forty-four children in four paediatric units in a university hospital participated in the study. The data were collected by means of qualitative interviews and thematic drawings. The interview data were analysed using inductive content analysis. The drawings were sorted into categories on the basis of contents, and cognitive competence and emotional disturbances by the Draw-A-Person procedure, and a comparison was made of the data from hospitalized children and healthy control groups. All the children had experienced pain in different situations while hospitalized. The pain experiences came from four main sources: 1. pain caused by a diagnosed basic illness, 2. pain caused by medical and diagnostic procedures and basic nursing, 3. pain caused by accidents, and 4. inexplicable pain not caused by a particular illness or injury and imaginary pain. In describing their pain, the children emphasized the multidimensional nature of pain and used a number of self-reported pain words to describe physical and psychic pain, as well as evaluative aspects of pain. The children had difficulties in finding positive aspects about pain. The drawings of the hospitalized children frequently depicted medical procedures, whereas the drawings of the healthy controls depicted more family relations. The hospitalized children showed a lower level of cognitive capacity, whereas the healthy control group children revealed a higher level of emotional disturbance. The variety of children’s responses to pain management suggests that children try and can alleviate their pain. The children reported their expectations of professional help and valued the care and attention provided by significant others. The findings provide research-based knowledge for carrying out research with children, and for healthcare professionals in their assessment and management of children’s pain in more holistic and child-centred way. Children’s competence to describe their pain supports encouraging their involvement as social actors in pain assessment and management in partnership with health care professionals and significant others. This has to be done with respect for their rights as individuals and the desire to give them a sense of ownership of what happens during hospitalization.

Uppsatsen ämnar identifiera vilka egenskaper som upplevs vara önskvärda i ett arbete samt om dessa varierar mellan olika grupper i samhället. Vidare studeras i vilken mån önskvärda egenskaper tillgodoses i arbetet och på vilket sätt matchning mellan önskemål och verklighet påverkar arbetstillfredsställelsen. Datamaterialet som ligger till grund för uppsatsen har inom ramen för International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) insamlats 2016 via en enkätundersökning gällande åsikter om jobb och arbetslivet. Resultaten visar att samtliga önskvärda egenskaper som studeras upplevs vara viktiga, samtidigt som vissa skillnader över vad som värderas högt återfinns mellan bland annat kön, ålder och sektor. Vidare visas att önskemål som realiseras i arbetet ökar arbetstillfredsställelsen. Framförallt är ett intressant och självständigt arbete viktigt för att känna sig nöjd.

Een van die fundamenteelste en belangrikste aspekte van 'n roman is die verteller. Die verhouding waarin die verteller tot die verhaalstof staan, die verteller se perspektief op die gebeure, die soort verteller en die manier waarop die verteller sy implisiete leser deur die organisasie van die verhaal definieer en betrek is almal bepalende faktore vir die struktuur, die styl en die ontwikkelingsgang van die roman. Joseph T. Shipley (1966:144) stel die saak so: "In die analysis of a speech or literary composition, nothing is more important than to determine precisely the voice or voices presented as speaking and the precise nature of the address (i.e. specific direction to a hearer, an addressee); for in every speech reference to a voice or voices and implication of address (i.e. reference to a process of speech, actual or imagined) is a part of the meaning, for the interpretation of which it supplies an indispensable control ".

[pt] O trabalho com familiares que cuidam de portadores de síndrome demencial levou a autora a refletir sobre a emergência do cuidador principal no âmbito da família, sobre a complexidade do seu relacionamento tanto com a pessoa alvo de cuidados, como com os demais familiares, e ainda sobre a importância dos grupos de suporte para os familiares que cuidam. A pessoa enferma reage de forma diferenciada ao membro da família que arca com a maior parte das tarefas inerentes ao ato de cuidar, dando a impressão de que é ela quem escolhe esse parente, entre outros. Partindo desta questão elaborou-se uma pesquisa de campo com o objetivo de verificar como surge na família o cuidador principal, ou seja, aquele parente responsável por quase todas as atividades referentes aos cuidados com o paciente. A pesquisa está fundamentada em estudos relativos ao envelhecimento e na terapia familiar sistêmica. Entrevistou-se 24 cuidadores familiares principais (sete homens e 17 mulheres), participantes do Grupo de Suporte aos Familiares Cuidadores de Pacientes com Alto Nível de Dependência de um dos ambulatórios da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Além das entrevistas individuais 14 sessões do mesmo grupo foram gravadas. A análise categorial do material obtido e a interpretação das entrevistas e das sessões de grupo, à luz da bibliografia consultada, mostram como resultados relevantes a importância da distribuição dos papéis, dos legados e dos mitos familiares; da dívida de reciprocidade e das transmissões geracionais no surgimento do cuidador principal. Mostra ainda a participação da pessoa cuidada na decisão de quem vai cuidar dela. Por fim, deixa evidente a importância do Grupo de Suporte para os familiares cuidadores. Os resultados constituem uma contribuição significativa para os profissionais que trabalham com idosos fragilizados e seus familiares. / [en] The work with relatives who take care of people who suffer from demential syndromes led the author to reflect upon the emergence of the main caretaker in the family, the complexity of his relationship with the person who is the target of the care as well as with the other relatives, and also about the importance of the supporting groups for the relatives who take care. The sick person reacts in a different way with the family member who is the responsible of the most part of the duties which are inherent to the caretaking action, giving the impression the it is the person herself who chooses this relative among others. Starting from this question, a field research was elaborated with the objective of checking how this main caretaker appear in the family, that is to say, the relative who is responsible of almost all the activities related to the cares with the patient. The research is based upon studies related to the aging process and on the sistemic family therapy. Twenty-four main family caretakers were interviewed (7 men and 17 women), participants of the Supporting Groups for Relatives Caretakers of Patients with a High Degree of Dependence of one of the ambulatories of the Open University for the Third Age of the University of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Beyond the individual interviews, 14 sessions of the same group were recorded. The categorial analysis of the given material and the interpretations of the interviews and of the group sessions, based on the refered bibliography, show as relevant results the importance of the distribution of roles, the legates and the family myths, the debt of reciprocity and the generational transmissions in the emergence of the main caretaker. It also shows the participation of the person who is taken care in the decision of who is going to take care of her. Finally, it makes clear the importance of the supporting groups for the relatives who are caretakers. The results constitute a significant contribution for the professionals who work with fragile old people and their relatives.

Older adults living with dementia are marginalized in society through the socially constructed binaries of old/young, able/disabled and ultimately us/them. These are manifested in a culture dominated by approaches towards illnesses that favor clinically inclined models of care which entail the search for cures rather than attention to the care required by and for individuals. To heighten their vulnerability, from an individual perspective, the cognitive nature of dementia often prevents people living with it from having a voice in their representation. Person-centered care is a philosophy that recognizes the importance of who the individual is and where they are situated in an effort to create a more holistic care experience. The Lodge at Broadmead is a residential care facility that has operationalized an explicitly person-centered philosophy of care. The main objectives of this project were to gain an understanding of the lived experience and implementation of person-centered dementia care from the many different perspectives contained within this facility as well as the methodological barriers associated with including people living with dementia in this type of research. To this end, one-on-one interviews and focus groups were conducted with a total of 16 staff members and leadership at The Lodge at Broadmead as well as one resident. These were informed by a 4 month period of observation in the form of volunteer work. Three main themes emerged around the implementation of person-centred care at The Lodge at Broadmead: identity maintenance, facilitating relationships, and aligning values. These themes represent the most important theoretical links between the physical and social aspects of the environment, and person-centred care’s ultimate goal of maintenance and enhancement of personhood for the residents. Drawing from my own research experience, there were several methodological challenges in undertaking the research as well which were: the institutional necessity of consent by proxy, a rigid interview approach, and not enough time spent with the residents. / Graduate / 0336 / 0351 / kyle.plumb@gmail.com

No description available.

Multi-problem youth undergoing treatment for substance use problems are at high behavioral risk for exposure to sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Specific risk factors include childhood adversities such as maltreatment experiences and subsequent forms of psychopathology. The current study used a person-centered analytical approach to examine how childhood maltreatment experiences were related to patterns of psychiatric symptoms and HIV/STI risk behaviors in a sample of adolescents (N = 408) receiving treatment services. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews at two community-based facilities. Descriptive statistics and Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) were used to (a) classify adolescents into groups based on past year psychiatric symptoms, and (b) examine relations between class membership and forms of childhood maltreatment experiences, as well as past year sexual risk behavior (SRB). LPA results indicated significant heterogeneity in psychiatric symptoms among the participants. The three classes generated via the optimal LPA solution included: (a) a low psychiatric symptoms class, (b) a high alcohol symptoms class and (c) a high internalizing symptoms class. Class membership was associated significantly with adolescents’ self-reported scores for childhood sexual abuse and emotional neglect. ANOVAs documented significant differences in mean scores for multiple indices of SRB indices by class membership, demonstrating differential risk for HIV/STI exposure across classes. The two classes characterized by elevated psychiatric symptom profiles and more severe maltreatment histories were at increased behavioral risk for HIV/STI exposure, compared to the low psychiatric symptoms class. The high internalizing symptoms class reported the highest scores for most of the indices of SRB assessed. The heterogeneity of psychiatric symptom patterns documented in the current study has important implications for HIV/STI prevention programs implemented with multi-problem youth. The results highlight complex relations between childhood maltreatment experiences, psychopathology and multiple forms of health risk behavior among adolescents. The results underscore the importance of further integration between substance abuse treatment and HIV/STI risk reduction efforts to improve morbidity and mortality among vulnerable youth.

1 This thesis on the topic of Employment of persons with disabilities complexly disserts on Czech legal regulation of employment of disabled people, also in the context of international legislation and European Union legislation. Disabled people belong amongst groups of people, which have difficulties with assertion on the job market due to their specific attributes, and therefore their employment on the open as well as on the protected job market is supported and protected by various legal instruments, which are described in detail in this thesis. This thesis is divided into five basic chapters. First chapter concentrates on documents of selected international organizations, which have influenced and still influence position and rights of disabled people. Second chapter is dedicated to primary and secondary legislation of the European Union. Third chapter of this thesis concentrates on the definition of terms "employment" and "disabled people" in the ambit of Czech legislation and also contains comparison of Czech legal definition of a disabled person with the requirements set by international organizations, which are mentioned in the previous chapters. The fundamental part of this thesis is the fourth chapter, which is dedicated to individual legal acts important for employment of disabled people. The...