Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / Stacey E. Kulesza / Thousands of metallic drainage structures have been installed by the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) to facilitate proper drainage of highway systems across the state. Several studies were conducted over the past 30 years by KDOT to determine the durability of different corrugated metal pipe (CMP) materials and estimate their performance against the deterioration that occurs due to the electrochemical process of corrosion. These past studies have influenced KDOT policy regarding pipe material, but a method to quickly determine the rate of deterioration, and accurately predict a service life, is still not well defined. With the last comprehensive study performed in 1990 by KDOT, there is now a need to perform a field evaluation to determine the performance of CMPs in Kansas. This research conducted a survey of observed CMP conditions for 80 sites across KDOT districts one and four using a quantitative observational rating system. The goal of the survey was to determine the performance of CMPs in the field. The findings of this study indicate that a 1975 change in KDOT pipe policy has increased the rapid deterioration of CMPs. An additional study was conducted to determine if accurate service life predictions could be made based on chemical and biological characteristics of soil taken near the CMP invert. A method to test the leachate water exposed to the soil sample was created. Laboratory results of four field samples indicated that the rate at which the invert deteriorated corresponded to the total amount of chloride anion mobilized in the leachate over a 72-hour period, along with the standard deviation of pH measured throughout the test. This contradicts most field corrosion tests that only measure field pH and resistivity. The developed method of measuring soil sample leachate may provide a more accurate estimate of the performance of CMP in the sample location.

Este trabalho descreve a metodologia desenvolvida para fabricação e comissionamento de um novo conceito de máquina para realização de testes de fadiga por ressonância de tubos rígidos em escala real, visando oferecer soluções técnicas para determinados pontos de melhoria encontrados em equipamentos já existentes. O equipamento foi desenvolvido sob os conceitos de análise vibratória, com o auxílio de ferramentas de CAD e método de elementos finitos. A metodologia de projeto do equipamento foi desenvolvida através de projeto conceitual e seleção de conceito, atingindo evolução gradual através de testes experimentais e aplicação contínua de melhorias. Uma vez fabricada a máquina, foi realizado um teste em trecho de duto íntegro, sem costura, com elevado nível de corrosão superficial externa, visando a validação do projeto e o comissionamento da bancada de testes. Este trecho de duto é de aço API 5L X65 com seis metros de comprimento, 219,1 mm de diâmetro externo e 22,2 mm de espessura, com pressão interna de 200 bar, acrescida de deformação com amplitude constante média de ± 750 μm/m no centro do tubo. O critério de falha adotado foi o surgimento de uma trinca na direção circunferencial, passante ao longo da espessura. Durante o teste, foram adquiridos os dados de deformação, aceleração, frequência, pressão interna, temperatura interna e temperatura ambiente. A análise de falha foi realizada na região da fratura para confirmar a ocorrência de fadiga no tubo. O desenvolvimento da bancada e a posterior realização dos ensaios permitiram avaliar a eficiência e a produtividade do equipamento, o qual se mostrou vantajoso frente aos conceitos existentes e apto para a execução de testes em tubos rígidos de forma rápida e satisfatória. / Este trabalho descreve a metodologia desenvolvida para fabricação e comissionamento de um novo conceito de máquina para realização de testes de fadiga por ressonância de tubos rígidos em escala real, visando oferecer soluções técnicas para determinados pontos de melhoria encontrados em equipamentos já existentes. O equipamento foi desenvolvido sob os conceitos de análise vibratória, com o auxílio de ferramentas de CAD e método de elementos finitos. A metodologia de projeto do equipamento foi desenvolvida através de projeto conceitual e seleção de conceito, atingindo evolução gradual através de testes experimentais e aplicação contínua de melhorias. Uma vez fabricada a máquina, foi realizado um teste em trecho de duto íntegro, sem costura, com elevado nível de corrosão superficial externa, visando a validação do projeto e o comissionamento da bancada de testes. Este trecho de duto é de aço API 5L X65 com seis metros de comprimento, 219,1 mm de diâmetro externo e 22,2 mm de espessura, com pressão interna de 200 bar, acrescida de deformação com amplitude constante média de ± 750 μm/m no centro do tubo. O critério de falha adotado foi o surgimento de uma trinca na direção circunferencial, passante ao longo da espessura. Durante o teste, foram adquiridos os dados de deformação, aceleração, frequência, pressão interna, temperatura interna e temperatura ambiente. A análise de falha foi realizada na região da fratura para confirmar a ocorrência de fadiga no tubo. O desenvolvimento da bancada e a posterior realização dos ensaios permitiram avaliar a eficiência e a produtividade do equipamento, o qual se mostrou vantajoso frente aos conceitos existentes e apto para a execução de testes em tubos rígidos de forma rápida e satisfatória.

Essa dissertação aborda o estudo teórico, experimental e computacional de algumas configurações usuais para derivações de pequeno diâmetro, interligadas a uma tubulação principal, sujeitas à vibração. O estudo de vibração, induzida por diversos fatores, foi a base teórica utilizada para a previsão de esforços máximos admissíveis e garantia da confiabilidade das tubulações. A confecção dos corpos-de-prova buscou a reprodução de condições típicas de uso em instalações de petróleo e gás, visando uma comparação de desempenho para as diferentes condições de montagem. Também foi realizada uma etapa de avaliação computacional, usando o programa Triflex para verificação da frequência natural e rigidez do conjunto montado. As análises de deslocamentos e esforços através dos dados obtidos pela instrumentação das peças soldadas e resultados do programa ANSYS apresentaram resultados importantes, enfatizando a resistência mecânica de determinadas configurações de menor comprimento ou com reforço vinculado à tubulação principal, as quais podem ser utilizadas em projetos de tubulações, melhorando a confiabilidade das instalações. / This dissertation adresses the theoretical, experimental and computational study of some usual settings for small diameter pipe, connected to a main pipe, subject to vibration. The study of vibration induced by several factors was the theoretical basis used for predicting maximum permissible efforts and ensuring the reliability of pipes. The creation of the specimens sought to reproduce typical use conditions in the oil and gas factories aimed at comparative performance for different installation conditions. It was also performed a computational evaluation stage using software Triflex to check the natural frequency and rigidity of the mounted assembly. The displacement analysis and effort for parts by informations obtained with instrumentation of welded pipes and results of ANSYS software presented important results, emphasizing the mechanical strength of certain settings with smaller length or with reinforcement linked to a main pipe which can be used in pipe projects, improving the reliability of the facilities.

Essa dissertação aborda o estudo teórico, experimental e computacional de algumas configurações usuais para derivações de pequeno diâmetro, interligadas a uma tubulação principal, sujeitas à vibração. O estudo de vibração, induzida por diversos fatores, foi a base teórica utilizada para a previsão de esforços máximos admissíveis e garantia da confiabilidade das tubulações. A confecção dos corpos-de-prova buscou a reprodução de condições típicas de uso em instalações de petróleo e gás, visando uma comparação de desempenho para as diferentes condições de montagem. Também foi realizada uma etapa de avaliação computacional, usando o programa Triflex para verificação da frequência natural e rigidez do conjunto montado. As análises de deslocamentos e esforços através dos dados obtidos pela instrumentação das peças soldadas e resultados do programa ANSYS apresentaram resultados importantes, enfatizando a resistência mecânica de determinadas configurações de menor comprimento ou com reforço vinculado à tubulação principal, as quais podem ser utilizadas em projetos de tubulações, melhorando a confiabilidade das instalações. / This dissertation adresses the theoretical, experimental and computational study of some usual settings for small diameter pipe, connected to a main pipe, subject to vibration. The study of vibration induced by several factors was the theoretical basis used for predicting maximum permissible efforts and ensuring the reliability of pipes. The creation of the specimens sought to reproduce typical use conditions in the oil and gas factories aimed at comparative performance for different installation conditions. It was also performed a computational evaluation stage using software Triflex to check the natural frequency and rigidity of the mounted assembly. The displacement analysis and effort for parts by informations obtained with instrumentation of welded pipes and results of ANSYS software presented important results, emphasizing the mechanical strength of certain settings with smaller length or with reinforcement linked to a main pipe which can be used in pipe projects, improving the reliability of the facilities.

Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14616号 / 工博第3084号 / 新制||工||1459(附属図書館) / 26968 / UT51-2009-D328 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科機械理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 木田 重雄, 教授 永田 雅人, 教授 稲室 隆二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Magister Artium - MA / Hookah pipe use is widely viewed as a safe alternative to cigarette smoking rather than a potential health-risk. In fact, for young people hookah pipe use may represent an initial stage of later addiction and the transition to cigarette smoking. Furthermore, studies conducted abroad, suggest that the use of the hookah pipe firstly started as a cultural phenomenon, and secondly, as with cigarette smoking, the hookah pipe has become a social phenomenon. Despite these challenges, studies provide sufficient evidence that hookah pipe use is a potential health risk. The primary aim of the study was to compare male and female university students’ knowledge, risk perceptions and behaviours concerning hookah pipe smoking. A quantitative methodological approach, with a cross-sectional design, was used to conduct the research study. A final self-selected sample of 389 participants voluntarily participated in this study. The final sample included 64% females and 36% males with a mean age of 22.2 years; with the mean age for first-time hookah pipe smoking was 15.7 years. The instrument used was a self-administered questionnaire constructed from The College Health Behavior Survey (2010-2011) which was developed at the University of Missouri-Columbia. Descriptive quantitative results were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20) and presented. The results suggest 70% of hookah pipe users daily smoke the hookah pipe with more than 20% smoking on campus. This was similar for males and females. Users perceived the hookah pipe to be less harmful and less addictive than cigarette smoking. Furthermore, smoking the hookah pipe is considered socially acceptable and is also smoked in the family home. Implications for policy are stated.

At present the majority of wood-stave pipelines are supported on rigid cradles which bear on the lower 45% of the pipe circumference. The accepted method of analysis, developed by Regnell, completely ignores the stress concentrations induced in the staves just above the cradle tips. In this work, a full ring is proposed to distribute the support reaction to all staves and minimize deflections from a circular profile. From a consideration of equilibrium and stress-displacement relations for a stave element two fourth-order partial differential equations in terms of the radial and tangential displacements of the element are developed. Trigonometric series are applied to their solution. The support ring displacements are similarly described in series form. A study of the compatibility of ring and stave deflections removes the indeterminacy and all stress resultants, as functions of the ring or stave deflections, are then available from back-substitution. The formulas established are sufficiently complex that access to an electronic computer is a great practical advantage. In a numerical example, the effects of modifying the ring stiffness, hydraulic head, and the circumferential stiffness of the stave cylinder are investigated. The non-linear influence of ring and band tensions on the deformed shape of the structure is included. Design considerations are briefly discussed. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Civil Engineering, Department of / Graduate

A novel and new thermal management technology for advanced ceramic microelectronic packages has been developed incorporating miniature heat pipes embedded in the ceramic substrate. The heat pipes use an axially grooved wick structure and water as the working fluid. Prototype substrate/heat pipe systems were fabricated using high temperature co-fired ceramic (alumina). The heat pipes were nominally 81 mm in length, 10 mm in width, and 4 mm in height, and were charged with approximately 50-80 mL of water. Platinum thick film heaters were fabricated on the surface of the substrate to simulate heat dissipating electronic components. Several thermocouples were affixed to the substrate to monitor temperature. One end of the substrate was affixed to a heat sink maintained at constant temperature. The prototypes were tested and shown to successful and reliably operate with thermal loads over 20 Watts, with thermal input from single and multiple sources along the surface of the substrate. Temperature distributions are discussed for the various configurations and the effective thermal resistance of the substrate/heat pipe system is calculated. Finite element analysis was used to support the experimental findings and better understand the sources of the system's thermal resistance.

In the oil and gas industry, brownfield projects focus on the modification of or addition to an existing production facility that is fully operational and operating. Welding is typically avoided on these projects. The drilling of holes in existing primary structural elements is also prohibited. Clamped connections are often used when adding additional services in a brownfield project. There are different types of clamped connections utilized when a new structural support must be attached to an existing vertical structural pipe. The short bolt clamped connection is a well-established connection and typically used on offshore projects. The U-bolt clamped connection is an alternative connection, although its use in the offshore oil and gas industry is not as well documented. The main drawback to using the U-bolt clamp connection is the lack of a well researched and vetted design methodology. A preliminary analysis methodology is proposed in this thesis. The material, fabrication, installation, and maintenance of both the short bolt connection and U-bolt connection will also be discussed. The following thesis will end with recommendations for moving forward.

This thesis reports the results of an experimental investigation of the effect of buoyancy forces on turbulent upflow of air in a vertical pipe under condit.io:1s of constant wall heat flux at Reynolds numbers of 5000 to 14000. Preliminary velocity and axial turbulence intensity measurements in isothermal flows for Reynolds numbers of 5000 to 32000 are also reported. Velocity and temperature distributions were measured over a range of heat fluxes at Reynolds numbers of approximately 5000 and 8000 and at a single heat flux at a Reynolds number of 14000.