O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento da chapa de latão 70/30 para o processo de Estampagem Incremental de Chapas (ISF - Incremental Sheet Forming), baseado nos parâmetros: ângulo de parede (ψ), passo vertical ( Z) e estratégia do caminho da ferramenta. Os experimentos baseiam-se na variante da Estampagem Incremental denominada Estampagem Incremental com Ponto Simples (SPIF - Single Point Incremental Forming). Foram realizados 18 ensaios usando uma ferramenta de estampar com raio (RT) de 5 mm. Para execução dos testes práticos, foram utilizados os recursos: softwares CAD/CAM, centro de usinagem CNC com três eixos, matriz incremental, ferramenta de estampagem incremental e um dispositivo prensa chapas. Além disso, o acabamento da superfície conformada foi medido através do parâmetro de rugosidade RZ nos principais ensaios, bem como a medição das deformações verdadeiras (j) e da espessura (s1). Os testes práticos demonstraram que a estratégia de usinagem espiral proporcionou um maior ângulo de parede, comparado à estratégia paralela de contorno. / This study aims to evaluate the behavior of 70/30 brass plate to the process of Incremental Sheet Forming - ISF, based on the parameters: wall angle (ψ), vertical step ( Z) and tool path strategy. The experiments were based on a variation of the ISF process, called SPIF (Single Point Incremental Forming). Eighteen tests were conducted using a punching tool with a radius (RT) of 5 mm. For the execution of practical tests, the resources were used: CAD / CAM software, CNC machining center with three axis. It was also used an incremental matrix, a tool for incremental forming and a sheet-press device. In addition, the surface finish was measured by RZ roughness parameter in the main tests, the same way the measurement of true strains (φ) and thickness (s1). The practice tests showed that the spiral machining strategy has provided a greater wall angle, compared to the parallel strategy contour.

Submitted by Haroudo Xavier Filho (haroudo.xavierfo@ufpe.br) on 2016-03-02T17:20:52Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Kécia_ok.pdf: 2529280 bytes, checksum: 617f3e37322ea7246d7014e03f5c6932 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T17:20:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Kécia_ok.pdf: 2529280 bytes, checksum: 617f3e37322ea7246d7014e03f5c6932 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar os fatores relacionados ao pagamento de dividendos e de payout incremental das empresas brasileiras listadas na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BM&FBovespa) no período de 2002 a 2013. O payout pago foi calculado com base no lucro líquido ajustado, com dados coletados nas atas das assembleias e nas Demonstrações das Mutações do Patrimônio Líquido. O Payout incremental corresponde ao valor efetivamente distribuído pelas empresas além do que é estabelecido nos estatuto social. Os dados referentes às proxies dos fatores de pagamento de dividendos foram coletados na base de dados Economatica® e na página eletrônica da Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. A amostra final foi composta por uma diversidade de 287 empresas, distribuídas nos anos estudados, variando entre 144 empresas em 2002 a 285 em 2013. Os dados foram organizados em painel desbalanceado, e foram realizadas regressões logit com efeitos aleatórios. A principal conclusão foi de que existe maior probabilidade de que as empresas com maior rentabilidade, proporção de caixa, concentração acionária e as pertencentes a algum nível diferenciado de governança, distribuam payout incremental, e as que possuem maior oportunidade de crescimento sejam menos prováveis de pagar payout incremental, o que pode ser relacionado à possibilidade de elas reterem mais recursos para novos projetos, favorecendo o enriquecimento dos acionistas. / This study investigated the factors related to the payment of dividends and incremental payout of Brazilian companies listed on the São Paulo Stock Exchange (BM & FBovespa) from 2002 to 2013. The paid payout was calculated based on adjusted net income, with data collected in the protocol of assembly and the Statement of Changes in Shareholders' Equity. The incremental Payout corresponds to the amount actually distributed by companies beyond what is established in the bylaws. Data for proxies of dividend payment factors were collected at Economatica® database and on the website of the Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. The final sample consisted of a range of 287 companies distributed in the years studied and ranging from 144 companies in 2002 and 285 in 2013. The data were organized and carried out unbalanced panel logit regression with random effects. The main conclusion was that there is greater likelihood that companies with higher profitability, ratio of cash, ownership concentration and belonging to a differentiated level of governance, distribute incremental payout and those with greater growth opportunities are less likely to pay payout incremental, which may be related to the possibility of they retain more resources for new projects, favoring the enrichment of shareholders

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da técnica incremental na força coesiva de diferentes resinas compostas. Foi confeccionado para este trabalho um dispositivo bipartido de Teflon que se encaixa em um magazine metálico para manter as metades em posição durante a preparação dos corpos de prova do compósito. A partir deste dispositivo de forma cônica, e dimensões: 4mm de base, 2mm de diâmetro na interface e 4mm de altura, foram obtidos 120 espécimes, divididos em 12 grupos ( n=10), 6 grupos sem o uso de adesivo e 6 grupos com o uso de adesivo. Foram utilizadas as resinas compostas: Filtek P90-3M ESPE, St.Paul,MN,USA e Filtek Z350 XT-3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN,USA , ambas na cor A3, inseridas no dispositivo bipartido de teflon segundo a técnica incremental adotada, técnica incremental obliqua, horizontal ou incremento único. A resina foi inserida com uma espátula metálica em incrementos horizontais ou em incrementos oblíquos, conforme a inclinação dada pelo instrumental utilizado, em incrementos de 2mm de espessura, ou ainda inserida de uma só vez, em porção única de 4mm de espessura e fotoativadas por 20 segundos, segundo indicação do fabricante. Os espécimes foram submetidos aos testes de tração para avaliar a força coesiva da resina composta e a influência da técnica incremental utilizada. Os dados obtidos foram analisados quanto à sua distribuição, à Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e ao Teste de Tukey HSD (p>0,05 %). Pode - se concluir que a técnica incremental utilizando incrementos oblíquos influencia negativamente na resistência coesiva. A Resina Filtek Z350XT possui maior resistência coesiva quando comparada à resina Filtek P90. A utilização de adesivo influencia negativamente na resistência coesiva. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of incremental technique on the cohesive strength of different dental resin composites. A total of 120 conical specimens of different resin composites, Filtek P90 and Filtek Z350 XT, both in color A3, were made in a bipartite teflon device with the following dimensions: 4 mm base diameter of 2mm and 8mm in height. The specimens were assigned into 12 groups (n = 10), 6 groups without the use of adhesive and 6 groups with the use of adhesive. The cavity was filled with a metal spatula in oblique or horizontal increments of 2mm thick or inserted at once in one portion 4mm thick and each increment was light-cured for 20 seconds following manufactures instructions. The specimens were subjected to microtensile tests to evaluate the cohesive strength of the resin composite and the influence of incremental technique used. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey\'s HSD test (p<0,05%).Can be concluded that the incremental technique using increments oblique negatively influence the cohesive strength. The resin Filtek Z350XT has greater cohesive resistance when compared to Filtek P90. The use of adhesive negatively influence the cohesive resistance

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2018-07-19T17:49:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Gomes de Sousa.pdf: 938639 bytes, checksum: 60ae02f298c21e9935dfa190fc6ea44b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T17:49:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Helena Gomes de Sousa.pdf: 938639 bytes, checksum: 60ae02f298c21e9935dfa190fc6ea44b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Ergospirometric test, gold standard evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness, is not an economically accessible and easy to apply test, especially for patients with Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) sequelae. Thus, field tests such as the Shuttle Walk Test Incremental (SWTI) may be another option for evaluation of cardiorespiratory function. Objective: compare the ventilatory, metabolic and cardiovascular responses obtained by the SWT and ergospirometric test, in hemiparetics due to stroke. Secondary objective was compared with the results of the ventilation evaluations with mild, moderate, marked and severe motor impairment of hemiparetic patients. Methodology: transversal study, with 20 hemiparetic subjects, motor impairment (05 mild, 04 moderate, 05 severe, 06 severe), 58 ± 10 years old, 08 women and 12 men. The VO2maximum (VO2), ventilatory (VE), desaturation, heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), during the SWTI and ergospirometry, were evaluated in two days, 48h interval. Results: SpO2 was similar (97 [96-98]; 97 [94-97]) respectively in SWT and ergospirometry. VO2Pico metabolic variables (18 ± 4, 24 ± 4), cardiac FCPic (101 ± 17, 115 ± 15), systolic BP (140 [140-147], 160 [140-160]) and diastolic (2 ± 1, 3 ± 1), fatigue (2 [1-4], 4 [2-6]) and distance traveled (248 ± 154, 409 ± 1) 216). Comparison between groups of motor severity: ergospirometry showed variance in VO2peak and distance traveled between the light and severe group (p <0.05); others did not show significant differences. No SWTI, VO2Pico presented the difference between the moderate and striking groups (p <0.05) and the distance traveled between the light, striking and severe groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: SWTI is not similar to ergospirometry in the hemiparetic population due to stroke. Severe patients have poorer performance in both tests compared to the mild and moderate group, according to a Fugl-Meyer scale. / Teste ergoespirométrico, avaliação padrão ouro da aptidão cardiorrespiratória, não é um teste economicamente acessível e de fácil aplicabilidade, especialmente para pacientes com sequela de Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Assim, testes de campo como o Shuttle Walk Test Incremental(SWTI) podem ser outra opção de avaliação da função cardiorrespiratória. Objetivo: Comparar as respostas ventilatórias, metabólicas e cardiovasculares, obtidas pelo SWT e teste ergoespirométrico, em hemiparéticos decorrente de AVC. Objetivo secundário foi comparar os resultados das avaliações ventilatórias com o comprometimento motor leve, moderado, marcante e severo, dos pacientes hemiparéticos. Metodologia: estudo transversal, com 20 indivíduos hemiparéticos, comprometimento motor (05 leves, 04 moderados, 05 marcantes, 06 severos), 58±10 anos, 08 mulheres e 12 homens. Foram avaliados o consumo do VO2máximo(VO2), ventilação(VE), dessaturação, frequência cardíaca(FC) e pressão arterial(PA), durante o SWTI e ergoespirometria, realizados em dois dias, intervalo de 48h. Resultados: SpO2 foi semelhante (97[96-98]; 97[94-97]) respectivamente no SWT e ergoespirometria. Foram diferentes: as variáveis metabólicas VO2Pico (18±4; 24±4), cardíacas FCPico(101±17; 115±15), PA Sistólica(140[140-147]; 160[140-160]) e diastólica(85±6; 90±12), esforço percebido dispnéia (2±1; 3±1), fadiga(2[1-4]; 4[2-6]) e distância percorrida(248±154; 409±216). Comparação entre grupos de gravidade motora: ergoespirometria mostrou variância no VO2pico e distância percorrida entre o grupo leve e severo (p<0,05); demais não mostraram diferenças significativas. No SWTI, o VO2Pico apresentou diferença entre os grupos moderado e marcante(p<0,05) e na distância percorrida entre os grupos leve, marcante e severo(p<0,05). Conclusão: O SWTI não é similar à Ergoespirometria na população hemiparética decorrente de AVC. Os paciente severos tem menor desempenho em ambos os testes em comparação com o grupo leve e moderado, de acordo com a escala de Fugl-Meyer.

Master of Science / Department of Kinesiology / Thomas J. Barstow / Purpose: Oxygen uptake (VO2) has been shown to be controlled by a nonlinear system, yet the VO2 response to ramp style exercise appears linear. We tested the hypothesis that an integrative model incorporating nonlinear parameter values could accurately estimate actual VO2 responses to ramp style exercise. Methods: Six healthy, men completed three bouts of varying ramp rate exercise (slow ramp (SR): 15 W/min, regular ramp (RR) 30 W/min, fast ramp (FR) 60W/min) and four bouts of extended-step incremental exercise, where each step lasted 5-15 min or until volitional fatigue on a cycle ergometer on separate days. The step-responses were then fit with a simple monoexponential starting at time zero (MONO) or allowing a time delay and using only the first 5 min of data (5TD). The resulting VO2 parameters from the step protocol were incorporated into an integrative model for the estimation of the VO2 response to each of the rates of ramp incremental exercise. The parameters from the actual and model ramp protocols were compared with 2 way repeated-measures ANOVAs. Results: Both Gain (G) and Mean Response Time (MRT) (or time constant) values increased significantly across work rate transitions (mean±SD; Gain:10.0±0.9, 11.6±1.1, 13.1±1.3, 17.6±3.3 ml O2/min/W; MRT:39.4±7.7, 54.0±5.4, 79.6±15.0, 180.1±56.2 s). Up to maximalVO2 the models over-estimated the actual VO2 response for FR (Gain: ACT 8.7±1.0, MONO 9.9±0.4, 5TD 10.3±0.3 ml O2/min/W). Up to 80% maximal VO2 the models accurately predicted the actual VO2 response across all ramp rates (Gain: ACT 10.7±1.1, 10.2±0.5, 9.2±1.0; MONO 11.0±0.8, 10.3±0.6, 9.2±0.5; 5TD 10.4±0.4, 10.2±0.3, 9.8±0.2 ml O2/min/W, values are listed SR,RR,FR). Conclusions: When variable parameter values (G and either MRT or time constant and time delay) were utilized by an integrative model, accurate estimations of the VO2 response to ramp incremental exercise were possible regardless of ramp rate (up to 80% maximal VO2). The increases in both G and MRT (or time constant) appear to balance each other to produce the quasi-linear VO2 responses.

This report will seek to identify the various factors that both enable and impede colonias and non-border colonias from developing. What processes determine the improvement of conditions in informal homestead subdivisions? Upon completing a number of interviews and extensive research, the conclusion can be reached that the various issues in policy implementation experienced with border colonias can help to inform the development of improved policies that will benefit both border and non-border colonias. / text

Bounded Verification is an effective technique for finding subtle bugs in object-oriented programs. Given a program, its correctness specification and bounds on the input domain size, scope bounded checking translates bounded code segments into formulas in boolean logic and uses off the shelf satisfiability solvers to search for correctness violations. However, scalability is a key issue of the technique, since for non-trivial programs, the formulas are often complex and can choke the solvers. This thesis describes approaches which aim to scale scope bounded checking by utilizing syntactic and semantic information from the code to split a program into sub-programs which can be checked incrementally. It presents a thorough evaluation of the approaches and compares their performance with existing bounded verification techniques. Novel ideas for future work, specifically a specification slicing driven splitting approach, are proposed to further improve the scalability of bounded verification. / text

This dissertation explores methods of reducing the oversampling ratio (OSR) of both delta-sigma modulators and incremental data converters. The first reduced-OSR architecture is the high-order cascaded delta-sigma modulator. These delta-sigma modulators are shown to reduce the in-band noise sufficiently at OSRs as low as 3 while providing power savings. The second low OSR architecture is the high-order cascaded incremental data converter which possesses signal-to-quantization noise ratio (SQNR) advantages over equivalent delta-sigma modulators at low OSRs. The final architecture is the time-interleaved incremental data converter where two designs are identified as potential methods of increasing the throughput of low OSR incremental data converters. A prototype chip is designed in 0.18um CMOS technology which can operate in three modes by simply changing the resetting clock phases. It can operate as an 8-stage pipeline analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, an 8th-order cascaded delta-sigma modulator, and an 8th-order cascaded incremental data converter with an OSR of 3.

The acquisition of a scene-specific normal behaviour model underlies many existing approaches to the problem of automated video surveillance. Since it is unrealistic to acquire a comprehensive set of labelled behaviours for every surveyed scenario, modelling normal behaviour typically corresponds to modelling the distribution of a large collection of unlabelled examples. In general, however, it would be desirable to be able to filter an unlabelled dataset to remove potentially anomalous examples. This thesis proposes a simple semi-supervised learning framework that could allow a human operator to efficiently filter the examples used to construct a normal behaviour model by providing occasional feedback: Specifically, the classification output of the model under construction is used to filter the incoming sequence of unlabelled examples so that human approval is requested before incorporating any example classified as anomalous, while all other examples are automatically used for training. A key component of the proposed framework is an incremental one-class learning algorithm which can be trained on a sequence of normal examples while allowing new examples to be classified at any stage during training. The proposed algorithm represents an initial set of training examples with a kernel density estimate, before using merging operations to incrementally construct a Gaussian mixture model while minimising an information-theoretic cost function. This algorithm is shown to outperform an existing state-of-the-art approach without requiring off-line model selection. Throughout this thesis behaviours are considered in terms of whole motion trajectories: in order to apply the proposed algorithm, trajectories must be encoded with fixed length vectors. To determine an appropriate encoding strategy, an empirical comparison is conducted to determine the relative class-separability afforded by several different trajectory representations for a range of datasets. The results obtained suggest that the choice of representation makes a small but consistent difference to class separability, indicating that cubic B-Spline control points (fitted using least-squares regression) provide a good choice for use in subsequent experiments. The proposed semi-supervised learning framework is tested on three different real trajectory datasets. In all cases the rate of human intervention requests drops steadily, reaching a usefully low level of 1% in one case. A further experiment indicates that once a sufficient number of interventions has been provided, a high level of classification performance can be achieved even if subsequent requests are ignored. The automatic incorporation of unlabelled data is shown to improve classification performance in all cases, while a high level of classification performance is maintained even when unlabelled data containing a high proportion of anomalous examples is presented.

There were two primary goals in this investigation. The first goal was to determine if results from field tests (time-trials and a Conconi incremental test) are related to performance in mass-start long-distance bicycle races. The second goal was to investigate inter-relationships among field test variables. The testing variables measured were critical velocity (CV), Conconi anaerobic threshold (AT) velocity, 4mM AT velocity, fatigue index, peak blood lactate, and anaerobic work capacity. Participants were USCF 30 category 1 through 5 cyclists. Participants performed one 20.75 km and two 10.37 km all-out tests in the field. They also performed an incremental test. The tests were performed at one-week intervals. Results from the field tests were compared to recent mass-start racing performance. Results indicated that Conconi AT velocity was related to performance in a 161-km race. There was also a relationship between 4mM AT velocity and CV and between Conconi AT velocity and 4mM AT velocity. It was concluded that field tests might provide information about performance ability in mass-start long-distance bicycle races.