Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-20T20:00:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 SueliOliveira.pdf: 3219985 bytes, checksum: b986b42d6a6d6881bfec54d43b42055e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-20T20:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SueliOliveira.pdf: 3219985 bytes, checksum: b986b42d6a6d6881bfec54d43b42055e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-27 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Maranhão (FAPEMA) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPQ) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The lack of dietary instruments that allow to know the eating habits of children in a practical way, more accurate, less costly and that relate to diet with health outcomes is necessary to their development. This study aimed to: develop a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), adapt the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) North American to Brazilian dietary recommendations, assess their applicability and analyze the overall quality of the diet of children. In the first article elaborated the WHO list from three dietary Recalls Surveys 24 hours (RS24h) applied to mothers or guardians of 206 children from 13 to 32 months old from Sao Luis - MA. Composed the list food items that contributed 90% of energy intake and from eight nutrients. The FFQ included 77 food items that with eight categories of frequency of use, portions defined as small, medium and large and the previous time to the consumption of six months. Proven its validity and reproducibility the FFQ may be useful for epidemiological studies to evaluate the possible relationship between diet and health outcomes of children. In the second article the sample consisted of 1185 children from 13 to 35 months old São Luís-MA. Food consumption was estimated by applying a Recalls Surveys from 24 hours (RS24h) and it was made the adjusting of intrapersonal variability. The Pearson or Spearman coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation between the scores of HEI adapted to its components, energy and dietary nutrients. The quality of the diet was assessed by adapted HEI. The average of the HEI was 74.8 (± 13.2) points, with 58.7% of the children showing diets that need improvement and 36.6% with good quality diets. There was a positive correlation between the HEI and variety of diet, food groups, energy, protein, vitamins A, C, B1, B2, B6, folate, iron and zinc; and negative with total fat, saturated fat and sodium (p <0.05). The adapted HEI was adequate to assess the quality of the overall diet of children / A carência de instrumentos dietéticos que possibilitam conhecer os hábitos alimentares das crianças de forma prática, mais acurada, com menor custo e que relacionam a dieta com desfechos na saúde torna necessário o seu desenvolvimento. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: desenvolver um Questionário Quantitativo de Frequência Alimentar (QQFA), adaptar o Índice da Alimentação Saudável (IAS) norte-americano às recomendações dietéticas brasileiras, avaliar a sua aplicabilidade e analisar a qualidade global da dieta das crianças. No primeiro artigo elaborou-se a lista do QQFA a partir de três Inquéritos Recordatórios de 24 horas (IR24h) aplicados às mães ou responsáveis por 206 crianças de 13 a 32 meses de idade, da cidade de São Luís - MA. Compuseram a lista os itens alimentares que contribuíram com 90% da ingestão de energia e de oito nutrientes. O QQFA contemplou 77 itens alimentares, oito categorias de frequência de consumo, porções definidas em pequena, média e grande e tempo precedente para o consumo de seis meses. Comprovadas sua validade e reprodutibilidade o QQFA poderá ser útil em estudos epidemiológicos para avaliar as possíveis relações entre dieta e desfechos na saúde da criança. No segundo artigo a amostra foi constituída por 1185 crianças de 13 a 32 meses de idade, da cidade de São Luís - MA. Estimou-se consumo alimentar pela aplicação de um IR24h e fez-se o ajuste da variabilidade intrapessoal. Os coeficientes de Pearson ou Spearman foram utilizados para avaliar a correlação entre os escores do IAS adaptado com os seus componentes, a energia e nutrientes da dieta. A qualidade da dieta foi avaliada pelo IAS adaptado. A média do IAS foi de 74,8 (± 13,2) pontos, com 58,7% das crianças apresentando dietas que precisam melhorar e 36,6 % com dietas de boa qualidade. Houve correlação positiva entre o IAS e variedade da dieta, grupos de alimentos, energia, proteína, vitaminas A, C, B1, B2, B6, folato, ferro e zinco; e negativas com gordura total, gordura saturada e sódio (p<0,05). O IAS adaptado mostrou-se adequado para avaliar a qualidade da dieta global das crianças.

在工商社會當中，一方面由於一般大眾缺乏專業素養，另一方面由於時間的不足，因此將資金交由專業理財專家代為操作的投資觀念，在投資大眾的心目中逐漸形成；由專業經理人代為管理的共同基金也因此成為投資人的投資標的之一。 　　由於目前市場上共同基金的數目逐漸增多，因此各種不同型態的基金也逐漸出現，而不同型態的基金其所強調的風險性與報酬率的高低也有所不同。本研究主要目的在於對投資於國內的不同型態的開放型共同基金，投資績效差異性與持續性等方面進行探討。 　　本研究所使用的績效評估指標主要以學術界常用的Sharpe績效指標、Treynor績效指標、Jensen績效指標，與M、C、V績效指標為主。統計方法則分別以t_D檢定、變異數分析，及Spearman等級相關係數作為檢定的輔助工具。 　　基金樣本為投資於國內證券市場的開放型基金，包括有積極成長型、成長型、平衡型，與債券型四大類型，共計有二十四個基金；研究期間為自民國八十三年四月十四日至八十四年四月二十七日，以週為研究單位共計有五十四週，同時將研究期間分為二期，每期有二十七週，以利於相關研究的進行。 　　經過實證研究結果得到以下結論： 　　1. 部分共同基金的投資報酬率優於市場投資組合報酬率。 　　2. 在第一期不同型態基金間，以Sharpe指標評估的投資績效具差異性；而在第二期不同形態基金間以Treynor指標評估的投資績效具差異性。 　　3. 在基金樣本當中成長型基金的投資績效具持續性，而其他型態基金持續性則不顯著。

In this thesis, the measurement uncertainty of Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) is analysed and software is designed to simulate this. Analysis begins with the inspection of the measurement process and structure of the CMMs. After that, error sources are defined with respect to their effects on the measurement and then an error model is constructed to compensate these effects. In other words, systematic part of geometric, kinematic and thermal errors are compensated with error modelling. Kinematic and geometric error model is specific for the structure of CMM under inspection. Also, a common orthogonal kinematic model is formed and with using the laser error data of the CMM and error maps of the machine volume is obtained. Afterwards, the models are compared with each other by taking the difference and ratio. The definition and compensation of the systematic errors leave the uncertainty of measurements for analysing. Measurement uncertainty consists of the uncompensated systematic errors and random errors. The other aim of the thesis is to quantify these uncertainties with using the different methods and to inspect the success of these methods. Uncertainty budgeting, comparison, statistical evaluation by designing an experiments and simulation methods are examined and applied to the CMM under inspection. In addition, Virtual CMM software is designed to simulate the task specific measurement uncertainty of circle, sphere and plane without using the repeated measurements. Finally, the performance of the software, highly depending on the mathematical modelling of machine volume, is tested by using actual measurements.

Historical Turkish baths still keeping their functional systems represent their original architectural and building technologies. Studies on the functional systems of historical baths are therefore needed to discover such technologies and to maintain them in working order. This study was conducted on a 15th century historical Turkish bath, Seng&uuml / l Hamami, in Ankara for assessment of its water supply and drainage systems. These systems comprised of hot and cold-water supply, wastewater and rainwater drainage, were examined in terms of their adequacy, capacity and faults. Comparisons were made with certain other historical Turkish baths to determine their original water storage and consumption capacities. The investigations were made by using non-destructive methods. Among them, the calculation methods used for discharge capacity assessment of drainage systems in Seng&uuml / l Hamami and consumption capacities of its water supply system were adapted and developed from the calculation methods used for contemporary buildings. Serious dampness problems arising from certain roof drainage faults were identified in the building. The wastewater collection and discharge system was found to have serious problems due to improper grading and inadequate flow dimensions of drains and wastewater channels. The ideal situation for the improvement of discharge systems was discussed together with some suggestions on the urgent remedial interventions, preventive measures and future improvements. The methods developed in this study were considered useful for the calculation of adequacy and capacity of wastewater and roof drainage systems and of water storage and consumption capacities of water supply system for the other historical baths.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify and quantify the information clues found in the document representations in the World Wide Web environment. This study uses three topics to find document representations: custom publishing, distance education, and tactile graphics. Four Web search engines are used: AltaVista, InfoSeek Ultra, Lycos, and Open Text Index. The findings of the random sample show that the search engines produce little duplication in their display of the results. Just over half of the cases reveal information clues about the document's authorship, origin, format or subject. The summary field shows the highest number of information clues. The title and Uniform Resource Locator fields do not contain many information clues. Few of the fields contain clues about the authorship of the documents. Topical relevance is questionable in many of the cases. The study recommends further research on the comparison of search engines, on the study of searches on the Web for commercial, academic and personal topics, and on information seeking behaviors relating to Web searching. Recommendations are made for Web training and Web page design to assist users in finding relevant information more quickly.

Tyrimo tikslas – tirti ir analizuoti paauglių emocijų pažinimo, emocijų valdymo bei psichologinių ir socialinių sunkumų sąsajas. Tyrime dalyvavo 212 paauglių (98 vaikinai ir 114 merginos, iš jų 96 – kaimo gyventojai, 116 – miesto), nuo 14 m. iki 17 m. Naudotos metodikos – Jaunuolio savęs vertinimo klausimynas (YSR 11/18), Emocijų pažinimo klausimynas (Emotion Awareness Questionnaire, EAQ-30) bei Jaunuolių emocijų valdymo skalė (Juvenile Emotion Management Scale, JEMS). Rezultatai: Paauglių emocijų pažinimo, jų valdymo ir emocinių sunkumų sąsajos: nerimastingumas, depresiškumas, užsisklendimas bei somatiniai skundai yra susiję su blogu emocijų skyrimu ir verbalizacija bei emocijų fizine išraiška; blogesnis emocijų atskleidimas kitiems susijęs su didesniu paauglių depresiškumu, nerimastingumu bei užsisklendimu; geresnis kitų žmonių emocijų supratimas yra statistiškai reikšmingai susijęs su somatiniais skundais, o geresnė emocijų analizė – su užsisklendimu; nerimastingumas, depresiškumas siejasi su blogesniu tinkamu socialiniu reagavimu, netinkamų jausmų supratimu bei prastesne pagalba kitiems; paauglių netinkamų jausmų supratimas susijęs su didesniais somatiniais skundais. Emocijų pažinimas, jų valdymas ir elgesio sunkumų sąsajos: paauglių blogesnė emocijų fizinė išraiška bei emocijų skyrimas siejasi su taisyklių laužymu bei agresyvumu. Prastesnė emocijų verbalizacija susijusi su taisyklių laužymu, o blogas kitų žmonių emocijų pažinimas susijęs su agresyviu elgesiu; blogesnis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Objective – explore and analyze the relationship between emotion awareness, emotion management and psychological and social problems of adolescents. Participants - 212 adolescents (98 male and 114 female, 96 – countryside, 116 – city), 14 - 17 years old. Measurement – Youth Self-Report (YSR 11/18), Emotion Awareness Questionnaire (EAQ-30,) and Juvenile Emotion Management Scale (JEMS). Results: The relationship between emotion awareness, emotion management and emotional problems of adolescents: anxiety, depression and somatic complaints are related to worse differentiating emotions skills, verbal sharing of emotions, and bodily awareness skills; worse not hiding emotions skills are related to higher rates on anxiety, depression and withdrawal; better attending to others’ emotions skills have a statistically significant relationship with somatic complaints, o better analysis of emotion skills – with withdrawal; anxiety, depression is related to worse less appropriate feelings to a given social setting skills, acknowledge an inappropriate feelings and worse acting helpfully to others; worse acknowledge an inappropriate feelings is relates to more somatic complaints. The relationship between emotion awareness, emotion management and behavior problems of adolescents: worse bodily awareness skills and differentiating emotions skills are related to rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior. Worse verbal sharing of emotions skills are related to rule-breaking behavior and worse... [to full text]

Didėjant įmonių ir šalių inovatyvumui, svarbu tirti inovacijų pokyčius, jų įtaką ekonomikai.Šiame darbe išanalizavus inovacijų teoriją, jų vertinimo indeksus bei pagrindinių inovacijų veiksnių pokyčius, įvertinamas inovacinių veiksnių poveikis suminio inovacijų indekso (SII)kaitai bei atliekama lyginamoji analizė tarp atrinktų Europos sąjungos šalių narių. / In order to maintain growth and stability companies and counties must be innovative, it`s important to reveal to concept of innovation. In this paper, the analysis of innovation theory, the evaluation indexes and main innovation factors, assesses their impact on summary innovation index (SII)change and a comparative analysis among selected European Union Member States.

Magistro darbo tikslas - įvertinti žalųjų ir žalmargių bulių eksterjero veislinės vertės požymius ir jų koreliaciją. Darbo uždaviniai : 1. Atlikti žalųjų ir žalmargių bulių eksterjero veislinės vertės rodiklių ir jų priklausomybės analizę. 2. Ištirti atskirų žalųjų ir žalmargių veislių bulių palyginamąją analizę pagal dukterų eksterjero veislinę vertę. Tyrimo metu buvo analizuojami 107 žalųjų ir žalmargių bulių, gimusių nuo 1995 m. iki 2008 m. eksterjero įvertinimai. Nustatyta, kad maksimalus eksterjero įvertinimas siekė 122, minimalus - 72, todėl eksterjero vertinimų rangas siekia net 50 indekso taškų. Vidurkis, 93,21, yra gana artimas modai ir medianai, vidurkio paklaida yra gana maža, todėl galima teigti, jog jis gana tiksliai atspindi eksterjero įvertinimų pasiskirstymą. Standartinis nuokrypis rodo, kad daugiausia reikšmių yra išsidėstę ± 8,74 indekso vienetų apie vidurkį. Atlikus koreliacinę analizę galima matyti, kad labiausiai su bendru karvės eksterjero įvertinimu koreliuoja tešmens vertinimas – net 0,87, kuris bendrame indekse sudaro 40 proc. Bendro kūno išsivystymo požymių indeksas turi stiprų tiesioginį ryšį su buliaus bendro eksterjero įvertinimo indeksu, r = 0,869. Galūnių indekso koreliacija su eksterjero bendru indeksu kiek atsilieka (r = 0,81), tačiau jų koreliacijos laipsnis taip pat vertinamas kaip labai stiprus. Pagal kūno bendro išsivystymo indeksą (104,0) ir tešmens indeksą (99,5) pirmauja žalmargiai holšteinai, kurie vidutiniškai surenka... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of this research was to evaluate the breeding value of exterior traits of red-and-white bulls in Lithuania. The goals: 1. To perform exterior assessment analysis of Red and Red-and-White bulls. 2. To examine breeding values for exterior indexes of Red and Red-and-White bulls tested in Lithuania and to perform their comparative analysis. The study included the analysis of exterior ratings of 107 red and red-and-white bulls born since 1995 to 2008. It was determined that the maximum total exterior index was 122, the minimum - 72, and the range of exterior ranks were 50 points. Average of 93.21, is quite close to the mode and the median, the average error is quite small, so it can be said that it is a fairly accurate assessment of the exterior. Standard deviation indicates that most values are located ±8.74 points on average. After performing correlation analysis it can be said that biggest correlation coeficient is between udder index and total exterior index – 0.87. It is quite logical - calculating udder index takes 40% in the total exterior index. Body conformation index also has a strong direct relationship with the total exterior index of the bulls - correlation coefficient was 0.869. Coefficient of correlation between index of feet and legs and total exterior index was some lower, i.e. 0.81, but the degree of correlation is also relised as very strong. Red-and-White Holstein is the leading breed of bulls according to the body conformation index (104.0) and... [to full text]

Glycolysis is the main metabolic route in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and it is the sequence of enzyme catalyzed reactions that oxidatively convert glucose to pyruvic acid in the yeast cytoplasm. In addition to the basic steps, glycolysis involves branch points providing the intermediary building blocks of the cell (i.e amino acids and nucleotides). One of these pathways is glucose-6-phosphate branch point which is a junction of glycolytic pathway and pentose phosphate pathway. At this point glucose-6-phosphate can be converted to fructose-6-phosphate a metabolite of glycolytic pathway by phosphoglucoisomerase or it can be dehydrogenated to 6-phosphogluconolactone by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which is the first enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. In this study, the influence of different nitrogen sources on the flux distribution through the pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was examined. For this purpose, four different compositions of nitrogen sources were used in growth media. The growth medium contained one of the following composition of nitrogen sources / only ammonium sulfate, only yeast nitrogen base, ammonium sulfate and histidine, yeast nitrogen base and histidine. Histidine was added because its synthesis branches from pentose phosphate pathway. In order to analyse the effect of the different compositions of nitrogen sources on the physiology of the yeast, specific activities of hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase enzymes were measured in the crude extracts of the biomass samples taken in the late exponential phase of the cultures. Addition of histidine caused an increase in the specific activities of all the enzymes analysed in medium containing ammonium sulfate. The specific activity of hexokinase, phosphoglucose isomerase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in medium containing yeast nitrogen base and histidine were higher than medium containing yeast nitrogen base. However, the specific activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase decreased 3.1% in medium containing yeast nitrogen base and histidine medium with respect to medium with only yeast nitrogen base. The OD value and dry weight in the culture containing histidine aminoacid was higher than the cultures contaning only ammonium sulfate and only yeast nitrogen base. Also the period of the exponential phase was shorter in medium containing ammonium sulfate and histidine and yeast nitrogen base and histidine than medium only ammonium sulfate and only yeast nitrogen base.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2006. / Supervisor: Thomas Crossley. Includes bibliographical references.