O aumento da procura por produtos agroalimentares com certificação relacionada à origem geográfica tem ocorrido tanto a nível mundial como nacional, buscando atender nichos específicos de mercado. Neste estudo é apresentada uma revisão de literatura que versa sobre segmentação de mercado, comportamento do consumidor e diferenciação de produtos, além de uma abordagem sobre as indicações geográficas em produtos alimentares no Brasil, tratando do caso específico da Carne do Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. Como método de trabalho, realizou-se um survey entre consumidores de carne bovina, a fim de identificar a percepção dos mesmos com relação às indicações geográficas e melhorar a compreensão deste mecanismo como ferramenta estratégica na diferenciação de produtos. Após análise dos resultados obtidos, pode-se constatar no estudo que a percepção do consumidor sobre as indicações geográficas em carnes é de uma maneira geral bem positiva, sendo este atributo reconhecido como um indicador de qualidade. Através da análise dos resultados foi possível observar que na amostra avaliada mais de 60% dos consumidores não conheciam a indicação geográfica. Mesmo assim, existe um alto grau de confiança na IG, onde os entrevistados acreditam que as carnes com IG oferecem segurança e são mais confiáveis do que as carnes sem este atributo e fica clara a intenção de compra do consumidor pelas carnes com selo de indicação geográfica. Os respondentes acreditam que as carnes com IG devem estar sempre disponíveis para consumo em todos os pontos de venda questionados, principalmente nos supermercados e nas casas especializadas em carnes. A maioria dos consumidores entrevistados estaria disposto a pagar entre 5 e pelo menos 20% a mais pelo produto com IG. Portanto, os produtos com indicação geográfica atendem a um segmento de mercado específico, sendo caracterizados como produtos diferenciados e se inserem no mercado com um sentido amplo e genérico: tanto como estratégia de articulação de diferenciação visando aumentar a competitividade como promover uma característica coletiva no desenvolvimento rural no que tange o apelo à origem. / The growing demand for geographic certified produce with is a reality at national and global levels, aiming specific market shares. This document presents a review of publications regarding market sharing, customer behavior and product segmentation, beyond a approach for geographic branded alimentary products in Brazil, dealing the case of Beef from Pampa Gaúcho da Campanha Meridional. The chosen work method was to apply a survey to customers of beef in targeting identify the impressions about with geographic certified produce and have enhanced the understanding of this process as an strategic tool in product qualification. After analyzing results found, it's possible to conclude in this survey that the consumer perception about geographic identified brands of meat is, generally speaking, very positive, this attribute being acknowledged as a quality indicator. Through the analysis of results, it was possible to observe that in the sample taken, over 60% of the population in scope did not know geographic indication. Nevertheless, geographic indication is considered highly reliable, such that interviewed personnel believe that meats geographically certified are more safe and trustable than the ones without this property and it is clear the customers intention of buying meat with geographic indication stamp. The respondents believe that the geographic certified meats should be always available for consumption, mainly in supermarkets and meat houses. Majority of the consumers are willing to pay 5 - 20% more for geographic certified products. Therefore, geographic indication in products reaches a specific segment of market, characterizing differentiated products and they could be inserted in market with an ample and generic direction.

O crescimento na utilização de redes de sensores sem fio possibilitou desenvolver melhorias para atender as necessidades da indústria de comunicação de dispositivos em função de diversas vantagens relacionadas a baixo custo, baixo consumo de energia, mobilidade, instalação e configuração de novos dispositivos, além disso, criar funcionalidades adicionais, como por exemplo, localização de engenheiros de campo e ativos em ambientes industriais. O protocolo WirelessHART é um padrão aberto de comunicação sem fio que busca atender a estes requisitos. Neste trabalho é apresentado o estudo e desenvolvimento de uma aplicação de localização de um objeto alvo através da rede WirelessHART. São analisados diferentes métodos para estimar a distância entre o objeto alvo e os outros elementos fixos da rede de sensores sem fio, algoritmos para computar dados e determinar a localização em um plano de coordenadas. O funcionamento do sistema proposto e o método de localização utilizado foram avaliados por meio de simulações e de testes práticos. Para as condições utilizadas de instalação dos dispositivos, foi possível obter um alcance na comunicação via rádio de mais de 100 m, o que permitiu determinar uma área de monitoração do sistema de cerca de 100 m x 100 m. Os resultados obtidos do erro de localização atingiram entre um 72% e 80% de estimativas de localização menores que a 5 metros. O trabalho abordou a criação e avaliação de critérios de escolha para obter conjuntos de três transmissores com probabilidade de erros menores do que 5 metros. A avaliação dos critérios é feita através da construção de uma tabela de probabilidade conjunta obtida a partir da aplicação da regra de Bayes em dados experimentais com erro de posicionamento conhecido. / The growth in the use of wireless sensor networks has made possible the development of improvements that meet the needs of the communication industry, including several devices with to low cost, low power consumption, mobility and ease of integration, installation and configuration advantages. Not only that but they also create additional functionalities, such as showing the location of field engineers who are assets in industrial environments. The WirelessHART protocol is an open standard for wireless communication that seeks to meet these qualities. This study presents a development of an application for the localization of a mobile device via the WirelessHART network. Different methods are analyzed to estimate the distance between the mobile node and the other fixed elements of the wireless sensor network, such as deployment topologies and algorithms, which are used to compute the data and determine the location in a coordinate plane. The operation of the proposed system and the location method were evaluated by means of simulations and practical tests. Due to the conditions used for the installation of the devices, it was possible to obtain a range of radio transmission over 100 m, which allowed to determine an area of monitoring system of about 100 m x 100 m. The results obtained from the error location reached between a 72% and 80% of the estimated localization that was less than 5 meters. The study addressed the establishment and evaluation of selection criteria for sets of three transmitters with probability of less than 5 meters errors. The evaluation criteria is done by constructing a joint probability table obtained from the application of Bayes rule in experimental data with known positioning error.

Depuis l'Antiquité, les signes distinctifs sont utilisés pour identifier et différencier l'origine commerciale ou géographique des marchandises, ou pour indiquer la propriété d'un produit. Il semble que, à travers de l'histoire, il ya eu un progrès dans la construction et la consolidation de l'utilisation de ces signes dans l'arène internationale, en particulier pour les produits qui ont été le plus identifies avec leur origine: le vin. Ainsi, le but de cette étude est de voir comment une telle avance a été produite et quels résultats peuvent être trouvés sous la protection des signes distinctifs d'origine.Dans ce but, l’étude , l est divisée en deux parties. En guise d'introduction, on explore l'évolution historique de l'utilisation de ces signes en la Mésopotamie, en Grèce et à Rome, où on a élaboré des vins Falernun, comme le bronze de Corinthe et de marbre de Carrare. Au Moyen Age, s'origine l´usage de la marque collective et de la marque de certification, en provenance de corporations de métiers. Cette pratique se développe avec le mercantilisme, consolidée par la Révolution Industrielle. Avec les changements operés par la Révolution française, on arrive à la naissance de la marque pour des produits individuels et, par la suite, aux services. Sur la base de cette évolution, la première partie est consacrée à une analyse comparative de l'évolution législative dans les pays producteurs traditionnels situés en Europe - Portugal, France, Espagne, Italie, Allemagne et Grande-Bretagne - ainsi que les pays du vin du Nouveau Monde - Etats-Unis, Chili, Australie et Brésil. La portée de cette recherche est de vérifier à quel point les règlements intérieurs de ces pays sont harmonisées entre eux. La deuxième partie vise à examiner l'évolution des traités internationaux dans le but de comprendre comment ces signes ont été réglés. des traités internationaux dans le but de comprendre comment ces signes ont été réglés. On a évalué, au niveau bilatéral, les accords multilatéraux tels que la Convention de Paris, l'Arrangement de Madrid, l'Arrangement de Lisbonne et l'Accord sur les ADPIC, les accords régionaux comme ceux de la Communauté Européenne, le MERCOSUR, l'ALENA, la CAN et d'éventuels accords bi-regionaux. L'objectif est de déterminer s'il existe une harmonie entre ses conceptions de l'indication géographique et de réfléchir sur le développement possible de leurs futures négociations. En conclusion, Il nous semble qu'il y a un certain équilibre entre les règlements internes des pays examines, car Ii y a des pays qui donnent une protection d'une manière positive par l'enregistrement ou la reconnaissance des appellations d'origine contrôlée, indication géographique, l'indication de provenance, région viticole americaine, marque collective et de marque de certification. Les autres donnent la protection d'une façon négative, faisant usage de la répression de la fausse désignation d'origine, fondés sur le droit de la concurrence et la protection des consommateurs. Beaucoup des pays essayent de combiner ces deux formes. Dans le domaine des accords internationaux, il y a une évolution et un élargissement du concept d’ ndication géographique, qui couvre, en harmonie, les définitions des pays examinés. Toutefois, les accords bilatéraux et régionaux ont tendance à promouvoir l'uniformité de la définition et de la forme de la protection de ces signes. Comme les accords multilatéraux ont été imprégnés par des accords bilatéraux et régionaux, ces cycles ont abouti à une approche progressive pour la consolidation de la protection des signes distinctifs d'origine, bien qu'ils n'aient pas atteint un point commun dans la voie de la protection. On finit par comprendre que, dans les négociations internationales en cours, en particulier dans le cycle de Doha à l'OMC, on peux concevoir des progrès réels dans cette consolidation, mais à moyen terme, puisque c'est celle la façon, que la protetion de la propriété industrielle avance, dans le domaine des relations internationales, au cours des deux derniers siècles. / Desde a Antiguidade os signos distintivos são utilizados para identificar e diferenciar a origem de bens, ou para indicar a propriedade de um produto, sua origem comercial ou geográfica. Verifica-se que, ao longo da história, tem havido avanço na construção e consolidação do uso desses signos no âmbito internacional, em especial, para o produto que mais tem sido identificado com sua origem: o vinho. Desta forma, o que se objetiva neste trabalho é verificar como tem-se dado tal avanço e quais resultados podem ser constatados no âmbito da proteção de signos distintivos de origem. Para isso, o texto é dividido em duas partes. Como introdução, analisa-se a evolução histórica do uso desses sinais, desde a Mesopotâmia, passando pela Grécia e Roma, onde se elaboravam os vinhos de Falernun, assim como o bronze de Corinto e o mármore de Carrara. Na Idade Média, tiveram origem a marca coletiva e a marca certificação, provenientes das corporações de ofício. Essa prática se expande com o Mercantilismo, consolida-se com a Revolução Industrial e modifica-se com a Revolução Francesa, que sinaliza o nascimento da marca individual para produtos e, posteriormente, para serviços. Com base nessa evolução, a primeira parte é dedicada a uma análise comparativa da evolução legislativa de tradicionais países vitivinícolas localizados na Europa – Portugal, França, Espanha, Itália, Alemanha e Inglaterra –, bem como de países oriundos do Novo Mundo Vitivinícola – Estados Unidos da América, Chile, Austrália e Brasil. O escopo é verificar o quanto a regulação interna desses países está harmonizada. A segunda parte busca examinar a evolução dos tratados internacionais com o propósito de compreender como eles têm regulamentado esses signos. Avaliam-se acordos bilaterais; acordos multilaterais, como a Convenção União de Paris, o Acordo de Madri, o Acordo Lisboa e o TRIPS; acordos regionais, como a Comunidade Europeia, MERCOSUL, TLCAN, CAN e possíveis acordos birregionais. A finalidade é ponderar se há harmonia entre suas concepções acerca da indicação geográfica e refletir sobre o possível desenvolvimento de suas negociações futuras. Como resultado, constatase que há certo equilíbrio entre as normas internas dos países analisados. Algums estabelecem a proteção de forma positiva, por meio do registro ou reconhecimento de “appellation d’origine controlée”, indicação geográfica, indicação de procedência, denominação de origem, área vitícola americana, marca coletiva e marca de certificação. Outros realizam a proteção de forma negativa, fazendo uso da repressão à falsa indicação de proveniência, com base no direito de concorrência e na proteção ao consumidor. Muitos combinam essas duas formas. Nos acordos internacionais, verifica-se uma evolução e um alargamento do conceito de indicação geográfica, o que abrange, harmonicamente, as definições dos países analisados. Todavia, os acordos bilaterais e regionais tendem a promover uma uniformização da definição e da forma de proteção desses signos. Como os acordos multilaterais têm sido permeados pelos acordos bilaterais e regionais, esses ciclos têm resultado em um avanço gradativo da consolidação da proteção aos signos distintivos de origem, embora não tenham alcançado uma uniformização no seu modo de proteção. Conclui-se que, nas negociaçoes internacionais em curso, especialmente na Rodada Doha, no âmbito da OMC, pode-se projetar avanço efetivo nesta consolidação, não no curto, mas no médio prazo, posto que é dessa forma que as relações internacionais, no âmbito da propriedade industrial, têm-se firmado nos últimos dois séculos. / Since ancient times, distinctive signs are used to identify and differentiate origin of goods, or to indicate ownership of a product, its commercial origin or geography. It appears that, throughout history, there has been some progress in the construction and consolidation of the use of these signs in the international arena, particularly for the product which more has been identified through its origin: the wine. In this sense, the aim of this work is to see how it has been given such advance and what results can be found under the protection of distinctive signs of origin. For this, the present study is divided into two parties. As an introduction, it is explored the historical evolution of the use of these signals, since the Mesopotamia through Greece and Rome, where the Falernun wines were elaborated, as well as the bronze of Corinth and the Carrara marble. In the Middle Ages, the collective brands and the marks of certification were created by the guilds. This practice was expanded with Mercantilism, consolidated with the Industrial Revolution and changed with the French Revolution, which indicates the birth of the individual mark of goods and, subsequently, of services. Based on this evolution, the first part of this paper is devoted to a comparative analysis of the legislative developments of traditional wine producing countries located in Europe - Portugal, France, Spain, Italy, Germany and Britain - as well as countries from New World wine - USA, Chile, Australia and Brazil. Our proposal is to verify how much the internal regulation of these countries is harmonized. The second part of this paper aims to examine the advancement of the international treaties, in order to understand how they have regulated the distinctive signs of origin protection and register. The bilateral agreements, the multilaterals agreements, such as the Paris Union Convention, the Madrid Agreement, the Lisbon Agreement and the TRIPS, and regional agreements such as the European Community, MERCOSUR, NAFTA, CAN, and possible bi-regional agreements were evaluated in this section. The intention is to evaluate whether there is an harmony between these conceptions of geographical indication expressed in these normative frameworks, and to reflect on the possible development of the future negotiations. As a result, it appears that there is some balance between the internal rules of countries analyzed. Some of them provide protection in a positive way, by register or recognition of the appellation d'origine contrôlée, geographical indications, indications of origin, denomination of origin, in the American viticulture area (AVA), collective marks and marks of certification. Others protect in a negative way, using repression mechanisms against the false indication of origin, based on competition law and consumer protection. Many combine these two forms. Besides, in the international agreements, there is an evolution and an extension on the concept of geographical indication, which covers, harmonically, the definitions of the countries examined. However, bilateral and regional agreements tend to promote uniformity of definition and forms of protection of these signs. As the multilateral agreements have been permeated by bilateral and regional agreements, such cycles have resulted in a gradual consolidation of the distinctive signs of origin protection; although they have not reached standardization in the form of protection. It concludes that, in the on going international negotiations, especially under the Doha Round in WTO, we can forecast effective progress in this consolidation, not in a short term but in a medium one. It is in this sense that international relationships between the industrial property arena have been based in the last two centuries. / Desde la antigüedad los signos distintivos se utilizan para identificar y diferenctar el orígen de las mercancías, o para indicar la propiedad de un producto, su origen geográfica. Parece que, a lo largo de la história, se ha avanzado en la construcción y consolidación del uso de estos signos en la arena internacional, especialmente para el producto que ha sido más identificado con su origen: el vino. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de que esta investigación es ver cómo se le ha dado tal avance y los resultados que se pueden encontrar bajo la protección de signos distintivos de origen. Para ello, el texto se divide en dos partes. A modo de introducción, se explora la evolución histórica de la utilización de estos señales desde la Mesopotamia hasta Grécia y Roma, donde se elaboraban los vinos de Falernun, como el bronce de Corintio y mármol de Carrara. En la Edad Media, los gremios deran origen a la marca colectiva y marca de certificación. Esta práctica se expande con el mercantilismo, consolidado con la Revolución Industrial. Con la Revolución Francesa hay un cambio de la marca colectiva y el nacimiento de la marca individual. Sobre la base de esta evolución, la primera parte desta exposición está dedicada a un análisis comparativo de la evolución legislativa de los vinos tradicionales produzidos en los países situados en Europa - Portugal, Francia, España, Italia, Alemania y Gran Bretaña -, así como los países del Nuevo Mundo Vitivinícolas - Estados Unidos de América, Chile, Austrália y Brasil. El ámbito de aplicación es verificar hasta que punto los reglamentos internos de esos países están armonizados. La segunda parte visa examinar la evolución de los tratados internacionales con el fin de entender cómo se han regulado estas señales. Serán evaluados los acuerdos bilaterales, los acuerdos multilaterales, como el Convenio de París, el Arreglo de Madrid, el Arreglo de Lisboa y el Acuerdo sobre los ADPIC, así como acuerdos regionales como la Comunidad Europea, el MERCOSUR, el TLC, la CAN y los posibles acuerdos bi-regionales. El estúdio consiste en examinar si hay armonía entre sus concepciones de la indicación geográfica y investigar el posible desarrollo de sus futuras negociaciones. Como resultado, parece existir cierto equilibrio entre las normas internas de los países examinados. Alguns hacen la protección de una manera positiva a través del registro o el reconocimiento de la denominación de orígen controlada, la indicación geográfica, la indicación de procedencia, la denominación de origen, la zona vitivinícola americana, la marca colectiva y la marca de certificación. Otros hacen la protección de una manera negativa, haciendo uso de la represión a la declaración falsa de orígen, sobre la base de la legislación sobre competencia y protección de los consumidores. Muchos combinan esas dos formas. De otro modo, en los acuerdos internacionales, existe una evolución y una concepción ampliada de la indicación geográfica, que cubre, armónicamente, las definiciones de los países examinados. Sin embargo, los acuerdos bilaterales y regionales tienden a promover la uniformidad de la definición y forma de protección de esos signos. Como los acuerdos multilaterales han sido permeados por los acuerdos bilaterales y regionales, esos ciclos se han traducido en un acercamiento gradual a la consolidación de la protección a los signos distintivos de orígen, aunque no han llegado a una uniformidad en la forma de protección. Llegamos a la conclusión de que, en las negociaciones internacionales en curso, especialmente en la Ronda de Doha en la OMC, podemos percibir un progreso real en esa consolidación, en definitiva, pero en un mediano plazo, ya que, así como ocurió en la relación internacional en el ámbito de la propiedad industrial, se ha consolidado en los últimos dos siglos.

Parce qu’elle se donne comme un discours ancillaire chargé d’actualiser le dialogue et de construire la représentation, parce qu’elle semble empiéter sur le terrain réservé du metteur en scène mais ne peut égaler la magie du spectacle, parce qu’elle n’est ni vraiment littéraire ni réellement scénique, la didascalie est longtemps restée le parent pauvre des études théâtrales. Depuis quelques années, elle fait l’objet d’un engouement relatif. D’une part, des études linguistiques décrivent le fonctionnement standard du discours didascalique en synchronie.D’autre part, des études critiques éclairent les poétiques didascaliques d’auteurs en s’intéressant particulièrement aux infractions par rapport à une pure fonctionnalité supposée.Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à dépasser cette approche clivée en fournissant une poétique générale de la didascalie et, afin de lui donner sens, poids et nuance, nous l’ancrons résolument dans l’histoire en nous fondant sur le théâtre du XXe siècle, de Villiers à Koltès, soit un XXe siècle élargi, solidement ancré dans le XIXe et les yeux déjà tournés vers le XXIe. C’est le moment où la didascalie se redéfinit du fait de l’avènement et de la prise de pouvoir du metteur en scène, le moment où elle sort spectaculairement de son ornière sans pour autant pouvoir ou vouloir se débarrasser totalement d’un fond utilitaire. Elle apparaît alors sans conteste comme une parole boitant "un pied dans le devoir, un pied dans le désir", une parole icarienne tendue entre des catégories théoriquement exclusives. Dans une première partie, nous posons le format du discours didascalique, son territoire,son fonctionnement énonciatif (c’est-à-dire la place exacte qu’il occupe dans la communication dramatique) et ses caractéristiques graphiques (ponctuation, typographie, mise en page). Dans une seconde partie, c’est la fabrique même de l’écriture didascalique qui est étudiée, c’est-à-dire sa tension constitutive entre le pacte qui la régit (clarté, économie) et sa fondamentale aspiration à devenir (devenir-spectacle, devenir-poème, devenir-roman…). / Because they seemingly have to make the dialog work as well as to construct theperformance, because they seem to encroach upon the director’s grounds and yet cannot level with the magic of the actual staging, because they are not a real piece of literature nor do they belong to the show, the stage directions have long been overlooked by theater studies. In the past few years, a mild interest has arisen. On the one hand, linguists describe in a synchronic fashion the generic features of this particular type of discourse. On the other hand, critics wish to seize the specificity of each author’s stage directions, with an emphasis on the breaches of their theoretical functional purity.In this thesis, we intend to go beyond this fragmented approach by offering an overall poetics of stage directions and, in order for it to carry meaning, weight and nuance, we choose to base it on history and, specifically, on XXth century theater, from Villiers to Koltès, an enlarged century, deeply rooted in the XIXth and already glancing at the XXIst. It is then that stage directions redefine themselves as a result of the advent of the director and his coming to power ;it is then that they spectacularly travel out of joint but appear, nonetheless, incapable or unwilling to get rid altogether of their fundamental usefulness. Unequivocally, they prove to be a form of speech limping “one foot in duty, on foot in desire”, an icarian discourse reconciling what is theoretically opposed.This study starts with the format of the stage directions, their territory, their enunciation (i.e. the exact role they play in the dramatic communication), their graphic characteristics (punctuation, typography, lay-out). Then, we investigate the very fabric of stage directions writing, the perpetual tension between the pact that rules them (clarity, economy) and a fundamental drive to become something else (to become stage, to become poem, to become novel…).

Foodways, which in short refers to eating and drinking practices, are constitutive of personal and group identity. In this thesis, I explore the symbolic values of food and drink in group identification processes evolving across North America. Through the cases of poutine, mezcal, and hard cider, I investigate cultural identity formation, negotiation, and transformation; from everyday practices to global interactions. What I develop in this thesis is a rationale that can be actively used by members of a group, as well as by community development practitioners, governments, and industry stakeholders to bolster community capitals and agency through making, supporting or rejecting food and drink ownership claims. In the first article, titled Poutine Dynamics, I explore both the culinary and social status of poutine. First, I identify poutine as a new(er) and distinct way to consume food that is increasingly adopted and adapted, and I propose a working definition of poutine as a new dish classification label in its own. Then, by coupling poutine’s sociohistorical stigma and its growing Canadization (that is, the presentation, not the consumption per say, of poutine as a Canadian dish), I expose two related situations: the ongoing culinary appropriation of poutine and the threat of Quebecois cultural absorption by Canadians. In Poutine Dynamics, I problematize the notion of a “national cuisine” in the context of multinational and settler states. Although the focus is about cuisine, Poutine Dynamics provides elements of analysis regarding how the Canadian nationalist project is constructed and articulated today, in current celebrations of the 150th anniversary of Confederation in Canada. The second article of this thesis, titled Strategic Authenticity: The Case of Mezcal, draws upon the recent major update to the mezcal denomination of origin certification (DO) that was long-awaited and requested by “traditional mezcaleros.” This tour de force in the modification of the mezcal DO leads me to identify the notion of authenticity in food as a powerful rhetorical strategy in social negotiation between groups. Through the case of mezcal, I assert that the tasting experience is the most legitimate group identification path and authentication boundary (as opposed to political, ethnical or religious boundaries) in terms of foodways. The third article, titled The Identity Crisis of Hard Cider, looks at the ongoing cultural affirmation of hard cider from its European counterparts. So far, the research on hard cider in Vermont has looked at the low-level of cider-specific apple production in that state as a supply issue. Instead, I approach this problematic from a demand angle, specifically from the low demand for hard ciders made with cider-specific apples. In this study, I survey the Vermont hard cider industry stakeholders as to possible mechanisms in order to differentiate between hard cider styles, as well as strategies to boost the demand for hard ciders made with cider-specific apples. The implementation of a geographical indication (GI) label was of high interests among participating cider makers. In this study, I also suggest that the hard cider foodways found in Vermont are part of a broader emerging hard cider identity that is taste-based and which crosses political borders within the American Northeast.

In Sein und Zeit Heidegger décrit le caractère émotif de la structure ontologique de l’existence en tant que Befiindlichkeit. Le sentiment de la situation vient de l'expérience ontique du quotidien comme une Stimmung. Celle-ci en tant qu'indication formelle renvoit de expérience ontique vers la constitution ontologique du Dasein. Les deux sont pensés au début dans une relation simple d’accompagnement. Pourtant à partir de 1930 le terme Befindlichkeit disparaît, et à sa place nous trouverons la seule disposition émotive ontique. Ce travail commence par demander les raisons de cette disparition. Le motif le plus important c’est que Heidegger s’est aperçu de la nécessité de soumettre même les phénomènes émotifs dont il s’agit au renversement du tournant, la Kehre. Dans cette nouvelle démarche de la pensée c’est le caractère d’événement des dispositions émotives qui doit être dégager. Dans le processus visé à le saisir, on découvre le pouvoir des dispositions de modifier à la racine la pensée, permettant à celle-ci de se déployer autrement que la métaphysique. Il s’agit de dépasser la représentation en tant que modalité fondamentale de la pensée pour découvrir l’essence des images dans le langage poétique. cela se montre comme unique possibilité de garder l’être dans l’étant. / In Time and being Heidegger describes the emotional character of the ontological structure of existence as a Befindlichkeit. The state of mind occurs on the ontical experience of everyday as a Stimmung, which in its phenomenological function as formal indication defers to the ontological structure of Dasein. The relation between them seems to be that of simple accompaniment. Within the turn this relation undergoes a reversal, so that the term Befindlichkeit itself disappears to leave only the Stimmung. While in 1926 the onticity of Stimmung was considered inauthentic, within the Kehre, however, this ontical layer always emotionally disposed, reveals the access to the original in the Daseins facticity. The ontic-ontological structure unfolds the ambiguity of truths as duplicity of the emotional openness of Dasein, so that it would have definitely been perceived in the early 1930’s as ontical Stimmung. In this way Heidegger strengthens its function, so far as to make it indispensable for the preparation of the other beginning of thinking. If the representational thinking depends on the Grundstimmung of the first beginning, as well as on the fact that metaphysics do not question ask about the truth of being, but rather pursue the question of the entity until the calculating thought of the technological epoch, then the thought of the other beginning must not only forbid the representation, but also, at the same time, rediscover the disclosing essence of the image. Once poetry is understood as original language, poetry’s use of image offers the possibility to bring the appropriative event to the language without objectifying it. The ability to safeguard the being into a word that does not represent it but just states it, indicating its happening, depends on the correct understanding of the event’s character of Stimmungen.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to examine how the amendment to the Indication list out of 2012 influenced the particular spa facility, namely Lázně Velké Losiny, s. r. o. The thesis describes changes and impacts that have occurred as a result of this amendment, and it compares the current situation in the spa with the state prior to the amendment. It also compares the development in Lázně Velké Losiny with the development, which was recorded in the Czech spa industry as a whole. The thesis defines the basic terminology of spa industry, the description of the current state of spas in the Czech Republic as well as the Indication list including its changes. The next part focuses on the introduction of Velké Losiny followed by the actual impact analysis of changes of the Indication list on Lázně Velké Losiny.

The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyse economic situation of the spas in The Czech Republic during the period of 2005 to 2014. The aim of this thesis is based on time series analysis to evaluate the economic situation of the spas in the Czech Republic and analyse the impact of changes in the indication list caused by Decree No. 267/2012 Coll. and Act No. 1/2015 Coll. In diploma thesis were used the methods of vertical and horizontal analysis to illustrate the development trends. The degree of influence of selected descriptors was measured by the correlation coefficient and the results are summarized in correlation matrix. The results of this analysis show significant changes in the structure of spas patients according to payments, what brought a series of negative impacts for the Czech spas. The negative effects of legislative changes in the spas industry in this period clearly exceeded positives.

This thesis describes the design chain to indicate the measuring cylinder Stirling engine. It describes the practical problems of measurement methodology and highlights the possible pitfalls of the measuring chain. For measuring the use of pre-existing model of gamma Stirling engine modification. It was carried out systematic measurement and evaluation of measured data. As a mathematical model for comparison with the measured data was used ideal cycle and Schmidt theory.

This thesis deals with analysis of the thermodynamics of the internal combustion engine. A survey on individual types of sensors used to measure pressure in combustion chamber is stated in the introductory part of the thesis. Another section deals with design of measuring chain. The main subject matter deals with compilation of the calculation program pertaining to the analysis of indicator diagram. Evaluation the results and procedures are included in the conclusion.