The current thesis aims to analyze the approaches to the definition of emergency zones in Russia and the Czech Republic. The main goal is to conduct a literature search on this issue and describe different approaches to emergency zones. The practical part includes an assessment of the definition of emergency zones in the case of hazardous chemicals leakage, which is most often the cause of industrial accidents.

Availability of data on accidents and chemical inventories, together with assessment and analysis tools is a prerequisite for integrated control of industrial accidents. Although Turkey has a developing industry, legislative measures for control of industrial accidents are lacking, past accidents are not systematically enlisted and industrial facilities and hazardous substances thereof are not properly registered. While some accident data is available in international databases, they are incomplete and erroneous. In the present study, a decision support system has been developed for collection and analysis of past accident information, assessment of current accident potentials of industrial establishments and modeling of probable accidents to reveal risks possessed thereby. The system supports web based multilingual and multi-user environment,and aims contribution of all interested parties in a collaborative manner. Information on technological accidents can be systematically archived together with reference data and visual materials. Initial data covering a time period of 30 years has been provided. The system is capable of storing hazard classifications and physico-chemical properties of substances, and providing standardized data for calculations. It can determine major-accident potential of industrial facilities as dictated by the 96/82/EC Directive of the EU and update relevant information automatically as required. An easy to use accident model for rapid assessment of off-site consequences of industrial accidents is also featured. Developed system allows integrated management of data on industrial accidents and provides decision support tools for assessing current and future accident potential,which can be used for national as well as the EU needs.

To perform comparision of possible SW tools for evaluation of accidental consequences of major industrial chemical accidents with a focus on flamable, explosive and toxic chemical substances. To perform evaluation of different model cases with named subtences. To suggest a structure of SW tool for this purpose

Un évènement Natech est un accident TECHnologique provoqué par l’impact d’un aléa NAturel sur une installation industrielle. Cet accident peut porter atteinte à l’extérieur de l’emprise du site, aux personnes, aux biens ou à l’environnement. L’objectif de ce travail est de mettre au point une méthodologie pour l’analyse et la prévention du risque d’accidents technologiques induits par l’inondation (Natech inondation) d’un site industriel. La méthodologie repose, dans un premier temps, sur une étude des Retours d’Expériences. Il a été identifié que les accidents Natech sont imputables à un rejet de matières dangereuses sur des équipements dits critiques endommagés directement ou indirectement par les eaux d’inondation. Les rejets de matières dangereuses vont amener à trois types d’accidents (incendie, pollution, explosion). Dans un deuxième temps, la méthode MADS-MOSAR a été adaptée à l’application aux accidents Natech inondation. L’analyse a abouti à cinq scénarios génériques d’accident Natech inondation sous forme de cinq nœuds papillons. Une soixantaine de Mesures de Maîtrise de Risque de prévention et de protection ont été identifiées. La validation de la complétude et de la plausibilité des nœuds papillons génériques est effectuée, d’une part, à l’échelle du secteur d’activité de traitement de surface et, d’autre part, à l’échelle spécifique d’établissements industriels. Ce travail a abouti à un outil de diagnostic de la vulnérabilité d’une installation industrielle aux accidents Natech inondation, accompagné d’un catalogue de MMR. Enfin, ce diagnostic a été appliqué sur un site industriel afin d’évaluer son mode opératoire et de l’enrichir par l’expérimentation. / A Natech accident is the impact of a NAtural event on an industrial plant (such as an ICPE- Classified Installation for the Environmental Protection). The impact can trigger a TECHnological accident, damaging the vicinity of the industrial facility (inhabitants, their properties and the environment). The final objective of this work is to develop a risk analysis methodology for the prevention of technological accidents triggered by flooding of industrial facilities. Therefore, the work begins with an analysis of past technological accidents triggered by floods. Thus, it was identified that Natech accidents are the consequences of hazardous materials releases from critical equipment, which in turn are damaged directly and indirectly by flood waters. Depending on the type of hazardous substances released, three categories of technological accidents are observed (fire, pollution and explosion). Afterwards, a risk analysis methodology was developed. It is mainly based on the MADS-MOSAR method, which was modified in order to be adapted to the Natech issue. The analysis resulted in the identification of five generic scenarios of technological accidents triggered by floods that can occur within an industrial installation. These scenarios were represented using the bow-tie tool. Then, around sixty preventive and protective measures were identified. The validation of the elaborated scenarios was done, on one hand, in the surface treatment industrial sector and, on the other hand, in two specific industrial facilities. The validation phase helped to test the completeness and plausibility of the generic scenarios, as well as the relevance of the measures previously identified. Furthermore, the validated scenarios were used to develop a checklist helping operators to decrease the vulnerability of their industrial facilities to technological accidents triggered by floods, along with a catalog of preventive and protective measures. Finally, the tool was applied to an industrial installation in order to enhance it and test its relevance by operators.

The Master's Thesis deals with the usage of various software tools in emergency management and in environmental protection. Nowadays, on every step we make, we can face emergency situations which can cause great harm to the environment as well as to human life and property. The theoretical part provides an overview of software tools. Different software tools, their basic parameters, development and usage are described. There are also explained terms like geographic information system, etc. The practical part is focused on the instruments used in selected countries, including Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, USA, Canada and the United Kingdom. In the conclusion is the comparison of the effectiveness of software tools in emergency management and in environmental protection.

The Master's Thesis deals with the usage of various software tools in emergency management and in environmental protection. Nowadays, on every step we make, we can face emergency situations which can cause great harm to the environment as well as to human life and property. The theoretical part provides an overview of software tools. Different software tools, their basic parameters, development and usage are described. There are also explained terms like geographic information system, etc. The practical part is focused on the instruments used in selected countries, including Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, USA, Canada and the United Kingdom. In the conclusion is the comparison of the effectiveness of software tools in emergency management and in environmental protection.

[pt] Esta dissertação trata do processo de construção social da norma internacional, na área de segurança química. Partiu- se de uma realidade local --- a ocorrência de um acidente industrial ampliado --- e de seus impactos sobre o ambiente internacional. Nesse sentido, foi fundamental perceber aquela realidade local como um fato social, construído por meio de uma conscientização ambiental ou anuência coletiva mais ampla. Daquele processo de construção social, aliás, faz parte a constituição dessa consciência coletiva quanto às ameaças ambientais, fortalecida politicamente pelo aval da comunidade de Nações, quando das Conferências de Estocolmo (1972) e do Rio de Janeiro (1992). Por isso, seguindo parâmetros teóricos construtivistas, optou-se pela análise da forma como se deu o processo de construção ideacional e normativa mais abrangente, em matéria ambiental, nas relações internacionais contemporâneas; para, posteriormente, abordar a construção social do acidente e da norma gerada, parte daquele processo. Quanto à organização e à mobilização da sociedade civil, bem como quanto à influência dessa mobilização sobre os Estados, atribuiu-se destaque especial aos agentes de propagação de idéias, referidas à proteção ambiental e à segurança química, bem como a suas plataformas organizacionais. Para tanto, dada sua relevância social e empírica, escolheu- se, como objeto de estudo, o acidente industrial ampliado, ocorrido em 1984, na cidade de Bhopal, Índia; e a Convenção 174 da Organização Internacional do Trabalho para a prevenção de acidentes industriais ampliados. / [en] This paperwork deals with the social construction process of the international norm in the chemical safety realm. The point of departure was a local reality -- the occurrence of a major industrial accident --- and its impacts on the international environment. The perception of that reality as a social fact, constructed from a wider environmental awareness or collective acquiescence, was essential. The constitution of that collective awareness is part of the referred social construction process and was politically strengthened by the international community when it assembled in the Stockholm Convention (1972) and the Rio Convention (1992). Following certain constructivist theoretical parameters, the wider ideational and normative scenario, related to environmental questions in the contemporary international relations, was first analysed. Afterwards, the focus was directed towards the social construction of the accident and the norm negotiated. In relation to the civil society organisation and mobilisation, as well as to its influence on state behaviour, it was given emphasis on the role of agents of environmental protection and chemical safety ideas and its organisational platforms. As per its social and empirical importance, it was chosen as object of analysis the major industrial accident, occurred in 1984, in Bhopal, India, and the Convention 174 of the International Labour Organization concerning the Prevention of Major Industrial Accidents.

La thèse fait le constat d'une inégalité manifeste entre le régime des accidents du travail et celui du droit commun. Un salarié blessé dans le cadre de son activité professionnelle aura droit à une réparation forfaitaire. Cette indemnité tend à compenser la perte de salaire et l'incidence professionnelle. Les préjudices personnels en sont exclus sauf l'hypothèse de la faute inexcusable de l'employeur. Le fonctionnaire n'a pas le même traitement que le salarié et bénéficie d'une meilleure protection. Enfin, en matière d'accidents de la circulation, de la vie et même d'agressions, la victime a droit à l'indemnisation de la totalité des préjudices subis. Au vu de ces inégalités, il est important d'apporter des solutions tendant à supprimer ces disparités entre les régimes d'accidents du travail mais également entre le système des accidents du travail et de droit commun. Cette volonté d'anéantir ces inégalités s'inscrit dans la politique actuelle de notre droit. Il est impensable que les travailleurs se voient priver des préjudices personnels alors que l'accident a des effets dans leur vie courante. C'est pourquoi, cet ouvrage préconise des solutions afin de rétablir une égalité entre les justiciables / Thesis have to admit there are inequalities in own system of compensation for injury. Industrial accident's victims we are not considered likes accidents road victims and others. A worker injured will can request flate-rate compensation. This accident compensation will be established on the basis of income and professionally incidence. Personal damages are excluded except case of inforgivable fault employer's. State employee haven't same traitment than worker and he has got a best protection. At last, it is right to say road accident victim's, mugging victim's could ask indemnity on bodily injuri. They could request personal and economic damages. In view of inequality, we make changes to system in order to cancel these gap in compensation. This willingness to abolish inequality it's current political and human rights practices. From now on, it's imbelievable to think to deprive workers of personal damages while this accident are effects on the private life employee. That is why, hand work recommend solutions to restore equality between citizen

Les carrières artistiques constituent un domaine très peu étudié dans le champ des relations industrielles. Celles-ci représentent pourtant un observatoire très puissant pour examiner et anticiper l’évolution des professions dans un contexte où plusieurs auteurs ont émis l’hypothèse que de nombreux métiers, notamment ceux du domaine de la recherche scientifique et des professions créatives, sont appelées à évoluer selon des formes qui se rapprochent des conditions d’organisation et des formes d’emploi des métiers artistiques. La présente recherche a pour objet l’étude des facteurs qui influencent les artistes professionnels de la danse à entreprendre une transition de carrière. Plus précisément, il s’agit d’étudier comment s’opèrent et sont vécues les transitions de carrière provoquées par des blessures ou des maladies professionnelles, incluant l’usure, la diminution des capacités physiques et l’invalidité, chez les danseuses et les danseurs professionnels à Montréal. La réalisation de cette recherche repose sur une analyse transversale du matériel de recherche qui comprend des données quantitatives et qualitatives. La double comparaison des données convergentes et divergentes de l’expérience vécue des participants relativement aux opinions, aux perceptions, aux sentiments et aux attitudes permet, par ces lignes de convergences et de fuites, de tirer des conclusions plus larges. À l’aide de cette méthodologie de recherche, cette étude vise à reconnaître: 1) que les transitions de carrière provoquées par ces facteurs physiques sont difficiles à vivre étant donné qu’elles sont inattendues, ce qui fait d’elles une forme de transition contrainte et, 2) que les transitions de carrière provoquées par ces facteurs physiques sont difficiles à vivre étant associées à d’importantes difficultés psychologiques et identitaires. Par cette analyse, nous constatons qu’il existe deux degrés de transitions de carrières provoquées par des facteurs physiques : celles qui sont provoquées par une blessure grave ou une maladie professionnelle et celles qui sont provoquées par une installation graduelle de la douleur en raison d’une microblessure, d’une usure ou d’une diminution des capacités physiques. En étudiant les évènements menant à ces types de transition, nous nous attardons à définir ce que nous entendons par « contrainte » et nous détaillons les caractéristiques des transitions qu’elles engendrent. Nous arrivons à la conclusion que ces deux degrés de transitions correspondent à la nature d’une transition de carrière contrainte ce qui fait d’elles des processus difficiles à vivre notamment raison de leur caractère inattendu. En plus de constater que celles-ci sont effectivement associées à différentes difficultés psychologiques et identitaires, nous identifions les raisons qui expliquent l’émergence de ces difficultés. Cette étude permet d’étudier la survenance des événements qui mènent à ces transitions de carrière et permet de porter un regard sur les services offerts par la Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST). Au final, des enseignements plus généraux et applicables à d’autres professions précaires qui ne relèvent pas du domaine artistique sont tirés de cette étude. / Artistic careers have been under-studied in the field of industrial relations. This is the case despite several researchers having recently suggested that an increasing number of professions, including academic and creative ones, are likely to evolve and present similar organizational conditions and employment forms to the ones we observe in artistic labour markets. This research addresses the factors influencing professional dance artists to undertake a career transition. More precisely, we study how career transitions induced by occupational injuries and diseases operate, and how they are experienced by professional dance artists in Montreal. We take into consideration different manifestations of occupational injuries and diseases such as wear, decreasing physical abilities and disability. From a methodological standpoint, this research is supported by a transversal analysis of both quantitative and qualitative data. The double comparison of convergent and divergent data relating to the experience of career transitioning, including the participants’ opinions, perceptions, feelings and attitudes, allows us to draw larger conclusions. This study highlights that (1) career transitions induced by physical factors are challenging because of their unexpected nature. We consider these transitions to be constrained ones, because they are forced upon professional dance artists instead of being the result of a voluntary and planned process. This study also shows that (2) career transitions induced by physical factors represent a challenging experience for professional dance artists because of their association with major psychological and identity difficulties. This research shows the existence of two different degrees of career transitions induced by physical factors in the professional dance sector in Montreal. The first relates to transitions induced by occupational injuries or diseases. The second relates to transitions induced by a gradual settling of pain due to a microinjury, wear or decreasing physical abilities. By studying the events leading to these two degrees of transitions, we define our concept of constrained transition and detail the characteristics of the different types of transitions the formers can lead to. We conclude that the two types of transitions correspond to constrained transitions, which makes them challenging experiences because of their unexpected nature. Beyond concluding that constrained transitions are associated with different major psychological and identity difficulties, we also identify the reasons explaining the emergence of those difficulties. This study allows for a better understanding of the factors leading to constrained career transitions in the professional dance sector in Montreal. This opens up new perspectives to reflect on the services offered by the Commission des normes, de l’équité, de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (CNESST). General reflections and contributions applying to other precarious professions are also discussed.