Os sulfitos, representados pelo SO2, fazem parte de um importante grupo de aditivos utilizados, há séculos, como conservantes em frutas secas, sucos de frutas, vinhos. No Brasil não existem dados sobre sua utilização pelas indústrias de alimentos e pesquisas sobre o seu consumo pela população. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar a ingestão de sulfitos em dois grupos de alunos do ensino médio, respectivamente de escola particular e pública. Os dados foram coletados por meio de R24, que permitiu relacionar as fontes de sulfitos presentes na dieta. Para o cálculo do consumo deste aditivo foi utilizado o MPL, definido pela legislação brasileira para cada uma das fontes. Nenhum dos escolares ultrapassou a IDA de 0,70 mg SO2/kg pc/dia, com média de consumo de 0,07 mg SO2/kg pc/dia (p<0,001), sem diferença estatisticamente significante (p = 0,643) entre as escolas particular e pública. Os grandes consumidores (consumo de mais de 50% da IDA, ou seja, 0,35 mg SO2/kg pc/dia, até o limite 0,52 mg SO2/kg pc/dia) representaram 4,5% da amostra pesquisada e alcançaram estes níveis de ingestão devido ao consumo acima de 500 mL/dia de sucos industrializados e similares, e, na escola particular, por associar ao seu consumo bebidas alcoólicas, como cerveja e vinho. / The sulphites, represented for the SO2, are part of an important group of additives, have used for centuries as preservatives in dry fruits, fruit juices, wines. In Brazil there are no data on use of sulphites by the food industry and research on their consumption by population. Thus, the objective of this research was to estimate the ingestion of sulphites in two groups of high school students, one of privative school and another of public school. The data were collected through 24-hour dietary recall, that allowed to relate the sources of sulphites in the diet. For calculation of the consumption of this additive the MPL, stabilished by the Brazilian legislation was used for each sources. None of students exceeded the ADI of 0.70 mg SO2/kg bw/day, with average of consumption of 0.07 mg SO2/kg bw/day (p < 0.001), without statistical difference (p = 0.643) between privative and public school. Heavy consumers (consumption of more than 50% of the ADI, or either, 0.35 mg SO2/kg bw/day, until 0.52 mg SO2/kg bw/dia) represented 4.5% of the searched sample and reached these levels of ingestion due to the consumption above 500 mL/day of fruit industrialized juices, and, in privative school, for associating with its consumption alcoholic beverages, as beer and wine.

nÃo hà / A hidroclorotiazida à um dos fÃrmacos mais prescritos no tratamento da hipertensÃo arterial em todo mundo. Tem sido extensivamente utilizada no Brasil, em programa pÃblico do MinistÃrio da SaÃde. Visando à verificaÃÃo da qualidade e dos custos dos medicamentos contendo este fÃrmaco, foram realizados testes de equivalÃncia farmacÃutica em comprimidos industrializados e cÃpsulas manipuladas. O doseamento (determinaÃÃo do teor) foi feito por cromatografia lÃquida de alta eficiÃncia, tendo mostrado precisÃo e especificidade. Dentre os trÃs medicamentos industrializados (genÃrico, similar e referÃncia), o medicamento genÃrico, apesar de mais de 40% mais barato em relaÃÃo ao de referÃncia, mostrou alteraÃÃes no teste de dureza, indicando menor resistÃncia dessa amostra aos processos de embalagem, armazenamento e transporte. Dentre os seis lotes provenientes de farmÃcias de manipulaÃÃo, um dos lotes, aquele com o menor custo do mercado, mostrou dissoluÃÃo em dois tempos insatisfatÃria, nÃo tendo sido aprovado na avaliaÃÃo inicial feita em todos os lotes de medicamentos estudados. / The hydrochlorothiazide is one of the medicaments more prescribed in the treatment of the arterial hypertension all over the world. It has been used extensively in Brazil, in public program of Ministry of Health. Tests of pharmaceutical equivalence were accomplished in industrialized tablets and manipulated capsules seeking the verification of the quality and of the costs of the medicaments containing this drug. The dosage (determination of the tenor) was done by chromatography liquid of high efficiency, showing accuracy and specificity. Among the three industrialized medicines (generic, similar and reference), the generic medicament, although it is more than 40% cheaper in relation to the reference, it showed alterations in the test of hardness, indicating smaller resistance of that sample to the packing processes, storage and transport. Among the six coming lots of manipulation drugstores, one of the lots, that with the smallest cost of the market, showed dissolution in two times unsatisfactory, not having been approved in the initial evaluation done in all the lots of studied medicaments.

INTRODUÇÃO. A indústria pode estimular o consumo de grande variedade de alimentos de alta densidade energética por meio do marketing, tendo participação decisiva na formação dos hábitos alimentares das crianças. Pouco se conhece sobre a memória da criança em relação às embalagens de alimentos industrializados dirigidos para esse público. OBJETIVO. Descrever o conteúdo de comunicação das embalagens de salgadinho e biscoito doce recheado utilizado como estratégia de marketing, a memória visual de crianças em relação à embalagem desses produtos e relacioná-las ao estado nutricional, ano escolar, sexo, freqüência de consumo de salgadinho e biscoito recheado e freqüência de ida ao supermercado. MÉTODOS. A avaliação da memória visual foi realizada pela técnica de desenho com 152 alunos matriculados no ensino fundamental I de uma escola da rede privada da cidade de Taubaté, São Paulo. Foram coletados os dados antropométricos e calculado o IMC e dados de freqüência de ida ao supermercado e de freqüência de consumo de salgadinho e bolacha doce recheada. Através dos desenhos foram identificadas as marcas citadas pelos alunos e categorizados os componentes de marketing presentes nas embalagens. Foram calculadas a freqüência de cada componente do desenho e realizado o teste qui-quadrado para analisar a sua relação com as variáveis em estudo. RESULTADOS. Em relação à memória visual das embalagens de salgadinho, os componentes que apareceram com maior freqüência nos desenhos foram marca (54,6 por cento), imagem do produto (45,4 por cento) e personagem (27,0 por cento) e as cores mais utilizadas foram vermelho (36,8 por cento), azul (30,3 por cento) e amarelo (22,4 por cento). Para o biscoito doce recheado apareceram com maior freqüência marca (62,5 por cento), personagem (30,9 por cento), imagem do biscoito (25,0 por cento) e sabor (15,8 por cento) e as cores mais utilizadas foram azul (36,8 por cento) e marrom (26,3 por cento). As cores identificadas pelas crianças, tanto para salgadinho, como para biscoito recheado condizem com os produtos comercializados. Todas as embalagens de salgadinho apresentavam a imagem do produto e 53,8 por cento possuíam o personagem que representa a marca, para o biscoito, em 54,5 por cento das embalagens havia presença de personagem. As crianças do sexo feminino se lembraram mais da imagem do salgadinho (p= 0,016) e dos personagens na embalagem da biscoito recheado (p= 0,04). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre a lembrança dos componentes da embalagem e o estado nutricional e freqüência de ida ao supermercado e freqüência de consumo dos alimentos. CONCLUSÃO. Os elementos presentes nas embalagens ficam igualmente consolidados na memória das crianças independente do estado nutricional e freqüência de ida ao supermercado e freqüência de consumo dos alimentos / INTRODUCTION. The industry can estimulate the consumption of a variety of foods with high energy density through marketing, with substantial involvement on the shaping of childrens eating habits. Little is known about the child\'s memory in relation to the packaging of foods targeted to this audience. OBJECTIVE. To describe the communication contents of the packages of savoury snacks and sandwich cookies used as a marketing strategy, the visual memory of children regarding to the packaging of these products and to relate them with nutritional status, school grade, gender, frequency of savoury snack and sandwich cookie intake and frequency of visits to the supermarket. METHODS. The assessment of visual memory was performed using the drawing technique with 152 students enrolled in elementary school from a private school in the city of Taubaté, São Paulo. Anthropometric measures and frequency of visits to the supermarket and frequency of savoury snack and sandwich cookie data were collected and the BMI calculated. Through the drawings the brands mentioned by the students were identified and the marketing components were categorized. The frequency of each component of the drawing was calculated and the chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between each component with the variables studied. RESULTS. Regarding the visual memory of savoury snacks packaging, the components that appeared most frequently in drawings were brand (54.6 per cent), the image of the product reproduced on the package (45.4 per cent) and character (27.0 per cent) and the colors used were red (36.8 per cent), blue (30.3 per cent) and yellow (22.4 per cent). For the sandwich cookies appeared more frequently brand (62.5 per cent), character (30.9 per cent), the image of the product reproduced on the package (25.0 per cent) and taste (15.8 per cent) and the colors used were blue (36 8 per cent), brown (26.3 per cent). The colors identified by the children, both for savoury snacks and sandwich cookies are similar to those found on the packages available in the market. All packages of savoury snacks had the product image and 53,8 per cent had a character that represents the brand, while 54,5 per cent packages of sandwich cookies had a character. The female children remembered more of the savoury snacks reproduced on the package (p = 0.016) and the characters in the drawing of the sandwich cookies package (p = 0.04). There were no statistically significant differences between the memory of the components of the package and the nutritional status and frequency of visits to the supermarket. CONCLUSION. The elements present in the package are equally consolidated in the memory of children regardless of nutritional status, frequency of visits to the supermarket and frequency of sandwich cookie and savoury snack intake

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T19:28:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_Alice_Neves.pdf: 1004810 bytes, checksum: a44816643054267f9058d383c80897b8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T13:43:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Alice_Neves.pdf: 1004810 bytes, checksum: a44816643054267f9058d383c80897b8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-05-24T13:43:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Alice_Neves.pdf: 1004810 bytes, checksum: a44816643054267f9058d383c80897b8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-24T13:43:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_Alice_Neves.pdf: 1004810 bytes, checksum: a44816643054267f9058d383c80897b8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Alimentação Complementar (AC) é o período no qual os lactentes passam a receber gradualmente outros alimentos, visto que o leite materno sozinho já não é suficiente para satisfazer todas as necessidades nutricionais. Como nesse período a criança apresenta rápido crescimento e desenvolvimento, o papel dos nutrientes é crucial, inclusive como forma de estabelecer o adequado hábito alimentar da criança no presente e no futuro. Assim, os objetivos do atual trabalho foram avaliar como e quando a alimentação complementar inicia, o perfil da AC, consumo de industrializados e o estado nutricional de crianças de 1-3 anos. A amostra consistiu de 79 crianças entre 1-3 anos, matriculadas em escolas públicas de Pelotas/RS. Avaliou-se Estatura/Idade, Peso/Idade e IMC/Idade (OMS, 2006), e foi aplicado um questionário estruturado aos pais/cuidadores. AC foi considerada precoce quando iniciou ˂ seis meses, na idade recomendada = seis meses e tardia quando ≥ oito meses. Os dados foram apresentados de forma descritiva. 16,5% das crianças foram consideradas com sobrepeso e 7,6% com obesas, segundo IMC/I, e 13,9% com peso elevado para idade, segundo P/I. A idade média para início da AC foi 5,3 meses. O último alimento oferecido foi a carne. Antes dos seis meses, 43% receberam gelatina e 12,7% suco de caixinha. Entre seis meses e dois anos, 96,2% receberam biscoito recheado e 91,1% salgadinho. / Complementary Feeding (CA) is the period where infants gradually receive other foods, since breast milk alone is no longer sufficient to meet all nutritional needs. In this period the child is rapidly growing and developing, the role of nutrients is crucial, including as a way to establish the child's current eating habits in the present and future. So, the objectives were to assess how and when complementary feeding (CA) started, CA profile, consumption of industrialized foods and the nutritional status of children aged 1-3 years. The sample consisted of 79 children with aged 1-3 years, enrolled in public schools in Pelotas/RS. Height/Age, Weight/Age and BMI/Age (WHO, 2006) were evaluated, and a questionnaire was applied to parents/caregivers. CA was considered early when it started ˂ six months, at the recommended age = six months and late when ≥ eight months. The data were presented in a descriptive. 16.5% of the children were considered overweight and 7.6% obese, according to BMI/A, and 13.9% of excess of weight for age, according to weight/A. The mean age for started CA was 5.3 months. The last food offered was meat. Before six months, 43% received gelatin and 12.7% juice. Between six months and two years, 96.2% received biscuit and 91.1% salty snacks.

Informações sobre composição de alimentos são de grande importância em qualquer estudo sobre nutrição humana. A Rede Brasileira de Dados de Composição de Alimentos (BRASILFOODS) coordena as atividades nacionais sobre composição de alimentos e está ligada a Rede Latino-Americana de Dados de Composição de Alimentos (LATINFOODS), responsável pela elaboração da Tabela de Composição da América Latina. A Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos – Universidade de São Paulo (TBCA–USP) foi desenvolvida pelo BRASILFOODS e está disponível na Internet (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela), contendo dados sobre composição centesimal, fibra alimentar, vitamina A e carotenóides, ácidos graxos e colesterol e amido resistente. Com a finalidade de ampliar as informações contidas no Web site, este trabalho teve por objetivo compilar e avaliar informações sobre a composição de alimentos industrializados. De acordo com as pesquisas de orçamentos familiares do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas (FIPE) foi observada a inclusão de novos produtos industrializados nos hábitos de consumo da população da Grande São Paulo, demonstrando, assim, a necessidade de informações detalhadas sobre a composição química destes alimentos. Para a obtenção destas informações foi possível contar com a colaboração de empresas do setor alimentício e laboratórios oficiais que forneceram laudos analíticos, bem como informações analíticas detalhadas. Os dados obtidos foram criteriosamente avaliados, considerando as diversas etapas envolvidas neste processo, desde o plano de amostragem até o controle de qualidade analítico. Após a compilação e avaliação, a composição centesimal de 747 alimentos industrializados foram introduzidas no Web site e as informações obtidas estão distribuídas de acordo com os seguintes grupos de alimentos: cereais e derivados (157); vegetais e derivados (21); gorduras e óleos (26); carnes e derivados (137); leites e derivados (85); açúcares e doces (42); e outros produtos (279). Com a ampliação de informações da TBCA – USP, os profissionais têm acesso a dados atualizados, criteriosamente avaliados e mais próximos do perfil de consumo da população. / Data about food composition are very important to any study of human nutrition. The Brazilian Network of Food Data Systems (BRASILFOODS) has been coordinating the national activities about food composition and is linked to the Latin American Network of Food Data Systems (LATINFOODS) which is responsible for the elaboration of the Latin America database. The Brazilian Food Composition Database was developed by BRASILFOODS and is available the Internet (http://www.fcf.usp.br/tabela). It contains data on proximal composition, dietary fiber, vitamin A and carotenoids, fatty acids and cholesterol and also resistant starch. The main objective of the present work is to compile and evaluate data about composition of industrialized foods in order to increase data on the Web site. According to the Familiar Budget Research developed by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) and Fundação Instituto de Pesquisas Econômicas (FIPE), new products have been included in the consumption habits of the population of Sao Paulo and its region, what shows a need of further information about those foods chemical composition. In this respect, analytical results and detailed analytical information were provided by companies as well as official laboratories. The data were criteriously evaluated, considering the several steps involved in the process, from the sample plan to the analytical quality control. The proximal composition of 747 industrialized foods were included in the Web site and these data are divided according to the following food groups: cereals and derivates (157); vegetables and derivates (21); fats and oils (26); meat and derivates (137); milk and derivates (85); sugar and sweets (42); and other products (279). Due to such expansion of the Brazilian Food Composition Database, professionals have access to updated data which have been carefully evaluated and are now closer to the population consumption profile.

No description available.

To meet the demand of future building requirements, and to improve productivity and competitiveness, there is a need to modernize and revise the current practices in the wooden single-family house industry. In several other sectors, intensive work is being done to adapt to the anticipated fourth industrial revolution. The manufacturing industry has already begun its transformation with concepts such as smart manufacturing and Industry 4.0. So far, smart manufacturing has not been discussed to any significant extent for the wooden single-family house industry, even though it might be a way for this industry to improve productivity and competitiveness. The research presented in this thesis aims at increased knowledge about what smart manufacturing means for the wooden single-family house industry. This requires investigating what smart wooden house manufacturingis, what challenges that might be associated with it, and how smart wooden house manufacturing can be realized. At the core of this thesis is the conceptualization of smart wooden house manufacturing—when realized, it is expected to contribute to improve the competitiveness of the wooden single family house industry. The findings presented here are based on three Research Studies. Two studies were case studies within the wooden single-family house industry. The third study was a traditional literature review. The findings revealed two definitions and 26 components of smart wooden house manufacturing. At large, smart wooden house manufacturing emphasizes digital transformation with a focus on digital information flow, how to add information, information compilation, and information distribution between systems/programs and departments. Some of the challenges associated with smart wooden house manufacturing are, e.g. culture, competence and manual transfer of information between systems. The findings indicate similarities of smart wooden house manufacturing within certain components of industrialized house building and Industry 4.0, these components could enable the realization of smart wooden house manufacturing. / För att möta efterfrågan på framtida byggkrav och för att förbättra produktiviteten och konkurrenskraften finns det ett behov av att modernisera och revidera nuvarande tillvägagångssätt inom träsmåhusindustrin. I flera andra sektorer arbetas det intensivt med att anpassa sig till den förväntade fjärde industriella revolutionen. Tillverkningsindustrin har redan påbörjat sin omvandling med koncept som smart manufacturing och Industry 4.0. Hittills har smart manufacturing inte diskuterats i någon större utsträckning för träsmåhusindustrin, även om det kan vara ett sätt för denna industri att förbättra produktiviteten och konkurrenskraften. Forskningen som presenteras i denna avhandling syftar till ökad kunskap om vad smart manufacturing innebär för träsmåhusindustrin. Detta kräver undersökning av vad smart trähustillverkning är, vilka utmaningar som kan vara förknippade med det och hur smart trähustillverkning kan realiseras. Kärnan i denna uppsats är begreppsframställningen av smart trähustillverkning—när det realiserats förväntas det bidra till att förbättra konkurrenskraften för träsmåhusindustrin. Resultaten som presenteras här är baserat på tre forskningsstudier. Två studier var fallstudier inom träsmåhusindustrin. Den tredje studien var en traditionell litteraturstudie. Resultaten avslöjade två definitioner och 26 komponenter av smart träshustillverkning. Sammanfattningsvis betonar smart trähustillverkning digital transformation med fokus på digitalt informationsflöde, hur man lägger till information, sammanställning av information och informationsfördelning mellan system / program och avdelningar. Några av utmaningarna associerade med smart trähustillverkning är t.ex. kultur, kompetens och manuell överföring av information mellan system. Resultaten indikerar likheter mellan smart träshustillverkning inom vissa komponenter av industriellt husbyggande och Industry 4.0, dessa komponenter skulle kunna möjliggöra realiseringen av smart trähustillverkning.

Energy utilization issues are becoming increasingly important around the world. Existing residential and building service sectors represent a large part of total energy utilization, and the corresponding operational costs and environmental impacts are high. Retrofitting is considered an effective way to accelerate the sustainable transformation of the existing building stock. In Sweden, 1945–1975 was a boom period for the construction of residential buildings. After 40–70 years of use, large contingents of buildings need to be systematically retrofitted. In the past, most Swedish buildings were retrofitted individually, and occasionally in small clusters. Cost-effective retrofitting for large-scale implementation has not yet been substantially attained. Standardizing and industrializing the retrofitting process is expected to produce the following benefits: availability of standardized toolkits based on building typologies; simplified and more efficient decision-making process; lower retrofitting costs; shorter project durations; greater resource-efficiency; lower environmental impact; and higher profitability.The overall aim of the present study is to contribute to the knowledge regarding industrialized retrofitting toolkits in Swedish residential buildings and evaluate the various toolkits. More specifically, the study aims to analyze the energy demand saving potential of different retrofitting measures and long-term profits based on the typology of residential buildings. Based on a systematic set of building properties and classification of existing residential types in Sweden, four slab houses (lamellhus) were selected as the major sub-types of building stock for the demonstration cases. The case buildings were constructed between 1945 and 1975 and are currently used as single-family houses, multi-family houses, or apartment blocks. The main approaches applied to model the retrofitting profits were Consolis Energy +, parametric-based sensitivity analysis, and life-cycle-based economic assessment.Based on the theoretical modeling and analytical results from the case studies, it was found that the energy-saving potential is strongly dominated by the building type, which affects the design of retrofitting toolkits and defines life cycle costs. The results show that improving the efficiency of heat recovery in exhaust ventilation systems is an effective retrofitting measure for energy demand savings in the studied building types. However, the efficiency of other measures is highly dependent on the typology of the buildings. From an economic perspective, toolkits that include all of the possible retrofitting measures may not lead to larger expected reduction in LCC compared to standard retrofits that only include the most sensitive parameters. In addition, the impacts of energy price changes to the LCC in the future are highly diverse in different types of residential buildings. Developing systematic retrofitting guidelines for Swedish residential buildings requires both further research and a close collaboration between all stakeholders involved in the retrofitting process. / <p>QC 20131118</p>

This inquiry used an ecojustice education framework and the transformative inquiry methodology to better understand the cultural and linguistic roots of global socioecological crises and to distinguish where ecologically unsustainable root metaphors show up in curricular and educator discourse. I first examined the British Columbia K–7 Science and Social Studies curriculum-as-plan[ned] to identify iterations of three ecologically unsustainable root metaphors of Western industrial culture—anthropocentrism, individualism, and reductionism. Then, 11 inquiry partners responded to written interview questions about how these metaphors appear in their teaching practices; three educators participated in follow-up semistructured interviews. In addition to these contributions, self-study reflections provide another layer to the connections I made among the literature, curriculum, and educator responses. The curriculum made no links between Western culture-language-thought patterns and socioecological crises. Several inquiry partners, however, did identify a relationship between these root metaphors and how the Western world treats the “environment.” Finally, the self-study portion revealed that despite understanding the power of root metaphors to shape our thinking and a deep desire to change, these taken-for-granted assumptions still arise in my teaching. Weaving together these findings, I recommend that future curriculum and teacher education include (a) the teaching of different worldviews to counteract the hegemony of Western industrial culture, (b) the power of language to shape thinking and actions, and (c) strategies to undertake the inner work needed to shift away from these culture-language-thought processes. / Graduate

Mobile homes, like other forms of factory-built housing are ideally adapted to the use of solar energy because of the materials and construction methods used in their manufacturing process. This thesis is written to examine those characteristics of mobile homes which can best be taken into consideration in the attempt to maximize solar efficiency and reduce energy waste. Design factors which effect the adaptation of solar energy to a typical MH unit include: solar access, types of of solar utilization, energy storage, lot orientation, general climatic relationships and MH park design. The paper will conclude with a case study involving the use of these factors in the design process of a MH project in Blacksburg, Virginia. / M.A.