I approached my thesis like a comparison between theory and practice. In theoretic part I deal with upbringing, leisure time and parents influent on children. I tried to find what is the most important thing on upbringing and how important role in children life have their parents. I wanted to penetrate to sphere about which have been writing many things and the people have been talking about this sphere more and more. Is it true, that children and youth do not have examples in their parents? Is it true, that children and youth cannot take advantage their leisure time meaningful? I tried think about this questions and clear this questions up in my practical part, where I made opinion poll. I presented my results in my practical part thanks to graphs.

The topic of the diploma thesis is testimonial and influencer marketing. The aim of this work is to find out whether influencer increases the likelihood of purchasing a healthy nutritional product for Slovak women aged 20-40 years, and also whether Peter Sagana as a testimonial enhances brand credibility. The theoretical part deals with general communication and presentation of testimonial and marketing influence, their categories and examples. The practical part of the thesis is set into the environment of healthy nutrition. It shows an example of a marketing communication for a company that uses this specific type of marketing. Futhermore, own qualitative and quantitative research is included.

The relationship between the therapist and the client is an important consideration for most models of therapy, with all models of therapy emphasizing the importance of establishing a positive therapeutic relationship. Quantitative and qualitative studies have shown that the relationship between the therapist and the client is a predictor of positive outcomes. However, different models define the preferred therapeutic relationship differently. This study was a qualitative exploration of a decentered and influential position of the therapist in narrative therapy. A video of a one-session narrative therapy case conducted by Michael White was analyzed using conversation analysis to answer the following research question: How, if at all, can White be seen to take a decentered and influential position in narrative therapy? The findings of this study provide more knowledge about White’s decentered and influential stance in narrative therapy. It is expected that this knowledge could be useful for education and training purposes, as well as for the improvement of clinical practice.

This Thesis deals with the methods for detection of the outliers and influential points based on method of least squares. The first part of the thesis summarizes the teoretical findings of the method of least squares and both methods for detection of the outliers and influential points based on the method of least squares and also based on robust regression. The practical part of this thesis deals with the application of classic methods for detection of the outliers and influential points on three types of datasets (artifical data, data from specialized literature and real data). The results of the application are subject to qualitative comparisson with the results produced by the methods for detection of the outliers and influentials point based on the robust regression.

Orientadores: Mauricio Enrique Zevallos Herencia, Luiz Koodi Hotta / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T12:07:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martim_SimoniFernanda_M.pdf: 2441806 bytes, checksum: 4d34450ac590270c90e7eb66a293b51b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O diagnóstico de modelos é uma etapa fundamental para avaliar a qualidade do ajuste dos modelos. Nesse sentido, uma das ferramentas de diagnóstico mais importantes é a análise de influência. Peña (2005) introduziu uma forma de analisar a influência em modelos de regressão, a qual avalia como cada ponto é influenciado pelos outros na amostra. Essa estratégia de diagnóstico foi adaptada por Hotta e Motta (2007) na análise de influência dos modelos de volatilidade estocástica univariados. Nesta dissertação, é realizado um estudo de diagnóstico de influência para modelos de volatilidade estocástica univariados assimétricos, assim como para modelos de volatilidade estocástica multivariados. As metodologias propostas são ilustradas através da análise de dados simulados e séries reais de retornos financeiros. / Abstract: Model diagnostics is a key step to assess the quality of fitted models. In this sense, one of the most important tools is the analysis of influence. Peña (2005) introduced a way of assessing influence in linear regression models, which evaluates how each point is influenced by the others in the sample. This diagnostic strategy was adapted by Hotta and Motta (2007) on the influence analysis of univariate stochastic volatility models. In this dissertation, it is performed a study of influence diagnostics of asymmetric univariate stochastic volatility models as well as multivariate stochastic volatility models. The proposed methodologies are illustrated through the analysis of simulated data and financial time series returns. / Mestrado / Series Temporais Financeiras / Mestra em Estatística

There is a distinction between participants and observers; the former performs an activity, whereas the latter spectates. The idea of observers who can influence activities is largely unexplored and could contain potential use-cases for eye-trackers and improve social presence in digital settings. This thesis adds to existing research by investigating whether higher degrees of observer influence correspond to increased social presence perception in digital co-located settings. It also provides designers with a tool that helps design and evaluate interactions accounting for observers' influences. The thesis presents five gaze implementations across two games that allow observers to influence them to investigate the hypothesised link between social presence perception and an observer's degree of influence. The results indicate that the link exists, although more tests are necessary to determine whether there is a noticeable difference between observers who impact activities directly and indirectly.

Meta-analysis is a popular statistical method that synthesizes evidence from multiple studies. Conventionally, both the hierarchical and bivariate models for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies assume that the random-effects follow the bivariate normal distribution. However, this assumption is restrictive, and inferences could be misleading when it is violated. On the other hand, subjective methods such as inspection of forest plots are used to identify outlying studies in a meta-analysis of DTA studies. Moreover, inferences made using the well-established bivariate random-effects models, when outlying or influential studies are present, may lead to misleading conclusions. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to address these issues by introducing alternative and robust statistical methods. First, we extend the current bivariate linear mixed model (LMM) by assuming a flexible bivariate skew-normal distribution for the random-effects. The marginal distribution of the proposed model is analytically derived so that parameter estimation can be performed using standard likelihood methods. Overall, the proposed model performs better in terms of confidence interval width of the overall sensitivity and specificity, and with regards to bias and root mean squared error of the between-study (co)variances than the traditional bivariate LMM. Second, we propose objective methods based on solid statistical reasoning for identifying outlying and/or influential studies in a meta-analysis of DTA studies. The performances of the proposed methods are evaluated using a simulation study. The proposed methods outperform and avoid the subjectivity of the currently used ad hoc approaches. Finally, we develop a new robust bivariate random-effects model which accommodates outlying and influential observations and leads to a robust statistical inference by down-weighting the effect of outlying and influential studies. The proposed model produces robust point estimates of sensitivity and specificity compared to the standard models, and also generates a similar point and interval estimates of sensitivity and specificity as the standard models in the absence of outlying or influential studies. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Diagnostic tests vary from the noninvasive rapid strep test used to identify whether a patient has a bacterial sore throat to the much complex and invasive biopsy test used to examine the presence, cause, and extent of a severe condition, say cancer. Meta-analysis is a widely used statistical method that synthesizes evidence from several studies. In this thesis, we develop novel statistical methods extending the traditional methods for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Our proposed methods address the issue of modelling asymmetrical data, identifying outlier studies, and optimally accommodating these outlying studies in a meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Using both real-life and simulated datasets, we show that our proposed methods perform better than conventional methods in a wide range of scenarios. %Therefore, we believe that our proposed methods are essential for methodologists, clinicians and health policy professionals in the process of making a correct judgment to using the appropriate diagnostic test to diagnose patients.

La présente thèse est une partie du projet national français dénommé MACAO (Modélisation Avancée de Composants Aéronautiques et Outils associés). En collaboration avec Messier-Dowty (constructeur d'atterrisseurs d'avion), cette thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension du comportement du pneu sur piste dans le domaine de l'aéronautique. L'objectif est de mettre en place des modèles capables de représenter le torseur des efforts au niveau de l'interface pneu-piste lors des différentes manœuvres de l'avion au sol en régime établi. Une priorité est accordée aux modèles dont les paramètres sont physiquement interprétables. De ce fait, un état de l'art des modèles de pneu en régime établi est d'abord réalisé. Un classement de ces modèles selon leurs motivations et limitations est aussi proposé. A l'aide de cette classification et en prenant en compte les exigences de l'étude, un choix a priori de modèles a été analysé. Les limites de ces modèles sont soulignées et une amélioration est proposée. Par ailleurs, une étude exhaustive de la déformation du pneu en situation de virage a été menée. Elle a permis de décrire la génération de la composante longitudinale de la force totale au niveau de l'interface pneu-piste. Elle est dite force longitudinale induite. Puis, en prenant en compte cette force, il a été possible d'expliquer pourquoi le moment d'auto-alignement peut repasser par zéro sans que le pneu ne soit en glissement total. Enfin, l'analyse de sensibilité est proposée comme une méthode permettant de déterminer les paramètres les plus influents de chaque modèle. Ces paramètres doivent alors être déterminés avec précision afin de réduire l'incertitude sur le modèle. / This thesis is a part of the French national project called MACAO (Modélisation Avancée de Composants Aéronautiques et Outils associés). In collaboration with Messier-Dowty company (a landing gears manufacturer), the thesis has contributed to better understand the actual literature studies in the field of aircraft tyre-road interaction modelling and therefore, to help making an optimal choice of model for a specifie application. The objectives have been to propose models for representing the tyre behaviour on the ground with respect to the aircraft run types. Physical oriented models are preferred. To complete this study, a literature survey of the previous researches in tyre modelling for steady­state responses is first carried out. Then, based on the main factors playing an important role in tyre modelling, it is proposed a classification for the physical and the semi-empirical models, which are also investigated. Based on this classification, the study requirements and the measurement data constraints, an a priori choice of suitable models are studied. A further investigation of the tyre deformation at pure lateral slip is carried out. It has allowed to physically describe the mechanism of generation of the longitudinal component of the tyre force at pure lateral slip. This force is refened as induced longitudinal force. By taking this force into consideration, it has been possible to explain why the self-aligning moment can drop to zero before the tyre gets to full sliding at pure lateral slip. Besides, the sensitivity analysis is proposed as a means for determining the parameters that have most influence on the model output and thus, are responsible for the output uncertainty.

Millennialgenerationen utgör i dagsläget en väsentlig del av arbetsmarknaden och kommer i framtiden att utgöra dess majoritet. Tidigare forskning har visat att de tidigare generationerna och Millennials skiljer sig i ledarskap, organisationsstrukturer och motivationsfaktorer. Denna generation skiljer sig vida från tidigare generationer och detta märks speciellt av inom arbetsmarknaden och i relationerna mellan anställd och ledare. För att lyckas att effektivt styra denna ambitiösa generation krävs det att ledareanpassar gängse ledarskapspreferenser. Syftet med det här arbetet är att undersöka vilka faktorer inom ledarskap som Millennials föredrar och hur de moderna ledarna kan anpassa sig för att på ett bättre sätt möta sina unga anställda. För att uppnå syftet genomfördes undersökningen i två delar, en riktad mot Millennials och en mot ledare med medarbetaransvar där preferenser kring ledarskap identifierades samt i vilken utsträckning ledarskap var transformativt eller transaktionellt. Undersökningen genomfördes via enkätundersökningar i Sverige och kom att ligga till grund förundersökningens analys. Resultaten från undersökningen visar på att Millennials föredrar ett ledarskap av typen transformativt och att de värderar variabler som feedback, arbetsförhållande och inflytande högt från deras ledare. Undersökningens mest intressanta resultat var att det inte räcker med en hög nivå av feedback och goda arbetsförhållanden utan att ett högt inflytande från ledaren är direkt avgörande för att utöva ett bra ledarskap. Arbetet bidrar med kunskap om hur de moderna ledarna på ettbättre sätt bör anpassa sitt ledarskap för att få ut det mesta av den stora generationen Millennials. / Millennial generation represents a substantial amount of the total population and will in the future represent the majority of the labor market. Previous research has shown that previous generations and Millennials differ in their management, organizational and motivational preferences. The fact that the Millennial generation differs from previous generation is a specially noted factor within the workplace and the manager-employee relation. In order to efficiently manage this ambitious generation, the modern manager has to adapt to the specific management preferences that they have. The purpose of this study is to examine what management factors the Millennials have and prefer as well asassess how the modern manager can adapt their leadership to successfully cope with this generation. The study will investigate whether the preferred and executed leadership is transformational or transactional. The purpose was tested with data collection using surveys focused on two different groups, the Millennials and theleaders. The results show that the Millennial generation prefers the transformational leadership and highly value factors of management that pursue meaningful feedback, good work relations and allow high involvement. However, the modern leader cannotjust implement a management style with feedback and good work relations, the factor of being influential and using empowerment is a crucial factor in achieving great leadership. The study contributes with knowledge of how the modern leader should adapt their leadership in order to maximize the potential of Millenials.

O presente estudo investiga qual o efeito que a divulgação de empresas solidárias apoiadoras e da remuneração de dirigentes de Organizações Sem Fins Lucrativos (OSFL) possui na decisão sobre o volume de contribuição e na propensão de doar futuramente por parte do doador individual. O estudo é consubstanciado em pesquisas desenvolvidas por Balsam e Harris (2014) e de Galle e Walker (2013) que encontraram evidências de que doadores reduzem as contribuições subsequente à divulgação, por parte da OSFL, de alta remuneração do dirigente; e, em pesquisa desenvolvida no Brasil por IDIS e Gallup (2016), que relatam a falta de confiança como um dos principais motivos para que doadores deixem de contribuir para as OSFL. Este estudo pressupõe que, divulgar empresas solidárias apoiadoras da OSFL gera compliance, um dos principais elementos de influência social citado por Cialdini e Trost (1998) sobre o doador, levando-o a perceber a OSFL como monitorada e, com maior confiança de que a organização cumpre a missão social para a qual se destina, reduzindo o efeito adverso ocasionado da divulgação pela própria OSFL de valores elevados de remuneração do dirigente. O procedimento metodológico para coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um experimento, com 140 participantes estudantes de pós-graduação lato sensu em Ciências Contábeis da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Encontraram-se evidências de que o disclosure voluntário pela OSFL de empresa solidária apoiadora possui efeito positivo significativo na propensão de contribuição futura do doador individual, assim como o disclosure da remuneração do dirigente e da empresa solidária apoiadora, de forma interativa, conduz à maior probabilidade de doação futura pelo doador individual. Esperava-se que a divulgação da empresa solidária apoiadora apenas, ou essa em conjunto com a informação de menor remuneração do dirigente gerassem maiores volumes de contribuições pelo doador, contudo, não foram obtidas evidências empíricas que suportem as referidas hipóteses. Os achados também não confirmaram a hipótese de que, divulgados maiores valores da remuneração do dirigente seriam reduzidos o volume de contribuição e a propensão de doação futura. Os resultados implicam que a divulgação da empresa solidária apoiadora pela OSFL suscita uma resposta por parte do doador em relação à probabilidade de doar futuramente em consonância à comunicação explícita da organização, neste caso a solicitação de doação, possivelmente ocorrendo o compliance como forma de influência social de direcionamento pela figura de autoridade legítima exercida pela empresa solidária apoiadora. Isto ocorre inclusive quando a divulgação é realizada em conjunto com a remuneração do dirigente, indicando a relevância do disclosure voluntário por parte das OSFL na captação de recursos. Desta forma, este estudo amplia os conhecimentos sobre o disclosure voluntário em OSFL, principalmente relacionado à divulgação da empresa solidária apoiadora como fonte de autoridade legítima e do efeito de compliance sobre o doador individual. / This study investigates the effect of disclosure of Influential Institutional Partners and senior management\'s compensation on individuals\' decisions to donate for non-profit organizations (NPOs). Prior research (Balsam & Harris, 2014; Galle & Walker, 2013) indicate that donors reduce donations after the disclosure of senior manager\'s high compensation by the NPOs, and in the Brazilian setting (IDIS & Gallup, 2016), lack of trust is one of the main reported reasons for donors to stop contributions for NPOs. Based on the literature on social influence, this study argues that the Influential Institutional Partner\'s disclosure increases the donors\' compliance with the NPOs (Cialdini & Trost, 1998). This behaviour should lead donors to conclude that the NPO is an entity under monitoring, and drive higher trust that the organization reaches the social mission for which it is intended, reducing the adverse effect caused by the disclosure of senior management\'s high compensation. The experimental is conducted with 140 graduate accounting students at the Federal University of Parana (UFPR). The results indicate that NPOs voluntary disclosure has a significant positive effect on the individual donors\' propensity of future donations, as does, interactively, the disclosure of senior management\' compensation and of the Influential Institutional Partners. However, no empirical evidence was found supporting the main or interactive effects of disclosure of Influential Institutional Partners and senior management\'s compensation on donors contribution\'s amount. Findings also did not confirm that disclosure of senior management\'s higher compensation result in lower propensity of future donations by individual donors. The results imply that the Influential Institutional Partner\'s disclosure by NPOs drives a response from donors with respect to the probability of making future donations in accordance with explicit communications by the organization, leading to the compliance as a form of social influence, exerted by the legitimate authority figure represented by the Influential Institutional Partner. This also happen when the disclosure is made in conjunction with senior management\'s compensation, indicating the relevance of the NPO\'s voluntary disclosure in fundraising. This study broadens the knowledge on voluntary disclosure by NPOs, in particular about the Influential Institutional Partner\' disclosure as a source of legitimate authority, and the effect of compliance on individual donors.