The study sought to explore technology challenges faced by some rural women in Intsika-Yethu and Emalahleni local municipalities, under the Chris Hani District Municipality, in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Available literature reveals that some rural women in South Africa and other developing parts of the world face technology challenges. The study is qualitative and focuses on two municipalities. Thirty-two women participated in the study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group interviews. Data were presented, analysed and discussed according to the themes derived from the sub-research questions. It emerged from the study that while most women in both municipalities were aware of ICT, they are however facing ICT access challenges in most areas of the municipalities. The findings do not depict the South African government national ICT policy goals which realises the importance of technology in the integration of services for the development of rural areas. Designing intervention programs for secondary school girls and some rural women, as well as monitoring and evaluating ICT programs in rural areas are recommended. / Communication Science / MA ( Communication)

La société de l’information déstabilise-t-elle l’Etat-Nation ?<p>Analyse comparative du développement des nouvelles technologies de l’information et de la communication dans l’âge de la mondialisation<p><p>Partant du constat que le concept “Société de l’Information” est souvent utilisé dans des contextes et des situations très différents, qui ne présentent guère de traits communs, ce travail abouti à une interprétation de ce concept, qui permette de la redimensionner au lieu d’en faire un mythe, comme cela arrive trop souvent. La “Société de l’Information”, malgré son rôle innovant et unificateur qui outrepasse même les barrières étatiques, est confrontée au poids de l’Etat-Nation dans sa conception la plus restrictive. <p>Nous considérons cette analyse comme une réflexion nécessaire dans une période où le défi technologique est particulièrement chargé d’un rôle politique. / Doctorat en sciences politiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Thesis (PhD (School of Public Management and Planning ))—University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / This study comprises a discursive analysis of the underlying assumptions, rhetorical devices and the latent agendas masked within: (i) the burgeoning international ICT, poverty and development literature; (ii) the policy agendas of the major players in international development; and (iii) the ICT, poverty and development discourse of the post-apartheid South African government. The aim of the study is to move beyond the current enthusiasm for derivative description and technological determinism, and to introduce a deeper, more balanced understanding of the relationship between ICT, poverty and development.

The primary aim of this thesis is to summarize the legal framework relating to the legal responsibility of Information Service Providers (ISP). This field is regulated by the Directive 2000/31/EC ('Directive on electronic commerce') and the Czech Act No. 480/2004 Coll., on certain information society services. The secondary purpose of this thesis is to compare these two legal frameworks, consider the differences between them and identify their consequences. The legal definition of ISP is fully analyzed in this thesis however this basically means any provider of information society service, i.e service provided at a distance, by electronic means, at the individual request of a recipient of services and normally provided for remuneration. The thesis is composed of four chapters dealing with different issues. The first chapter is the short introduction into legal responsibility as a legal instrument. The main attention is given to the article 420 of the Act No. 40/1964 Coll. (Civil Code) and the changes which will be brought by the Act No. 89/2012 Coll., i.e. the "new" Civil Code effective from 1.1.2014. The second chapter deals with the first rulings concerning the ISP liability abroad (Godfrey v. Demon Internet, LICRA v. Yahoo, A&M Records v. Napster). In my point of view, these judgments are, even...

Estudo sobre a utilização das ferramentas que compõem o universo das tecnologias de comunicação e informação (TICs), principalmente a Internet, no contexto de políticas públicas no Brasil, com foco no programa de inclusão digital do governo do estado de São Paulo, AcessaSP. O estudo baseia-se na análise dos resultados da PONLINE pesquisa on-line realizada anualmente com usuários do programa AcessaSP. Em primeiro lugar, delineou-se o panorama histórico que propiciou a evolução crescente das TICs a partir da Segunda-Guerra Mundial. Nesse contexto de inovações, surgiu a Internet e a WWW que formam a rede das redes. A Internet refere-se tanto à estrutura física de transmissão, armazenamento e recepção de informações como ao uso público para a comunicação. Em seguida, foram abordadas as principais teorias sobre os temas: sociedade da informação, sociedade em rede, cibercultura, inclusão digital e literacia digital, para esclarecer a diferença entre os assuntos e delimitar o âmbito de abrangência de cada um. A coleta de dados concentrou-se na análise das pesquisas PONLINE, dos anos de 2003 a 2008 que estão disponíveis no portal do Programa AcessaSP. Os dados das pesquisas PONLINE foram avaliados por meio de técnicas de análise estatística e os resultados foram apresentados em gráficos e tabelas. As técnicas aplicadas em estudos etnográficos possibilitaram a análise e interpretação dos depoimentos dos respondentes das pesquisas. Os dados foram selecionados para revelar características da utilização da Internet para comunicação, de acordo com o modelo de literacias digitais de Eshet-Alkalai (2007; 2008) que compreende as habilidades cognitivas e não cognitivas necessárias para realizar tarefas em ambiente digital. O modelo do autor inclui as seguintes literacias: reprodução; foto-visual; pensamento hipermídia; informação e literacia sócio-emocional. Concluiu-se que as novas formas de comunicação possibilitadas pela Internet complementam as formas tradicionais de comunicação. Os recursos para comunicação existentes na Internet estão sendo assimilados rapidamente pelos usuários do Programa de Inclusão Digital AcessaSP. / Communication and Digital Literacy in Internet use Ethnographic Research and Exploratory Data Analyses to study information communication technologies (ICT) tools, especially the use of the Internet for communication between people. The study has been realized with data produced by the program in São Paulo, Brazil, to narrow digital divide called AcessaSP (PONLINE). This work presents firstly the historical background that contributed for the ICT evolution since the Second World War. In that innovational context, the Internet and the World Wide Web (WWW) has been created. The Internet refers to the technical infrastructure and its public use for communication. Secondly, this study presents the theories about the following themes: information society, network society, cyberculture, digital divide, and digital literacy, and aims to clarify the differences and scope of these subjects. The methodology consists of the analysis of data collected in PONLINE research made between 2003 and 2008. The PONLINE research is published in the AcessaSP gateway. The data has been analysed to reveal the use of the Internet for communication, according to the Eshet-Alkalai structure. The research data has been examined by exploratory data analyses and is presented through graphics and charts. The usersopinion have been analyzed by ethnographic method to reveal the digital thinking skills. The Eshet-Alkalai structure consists of five digital literacy thinking skills that covers the abilities that Internet users employ in digital environments. The conceptual model of Eshet-Alkalai consists of the following digital thinking skills: photo-visual, reproduction, branching, information and socio-emotional literacy. The results indicate that new forms of communication offered by the Internet complement the traditional forms of communication. The Internet tools for communication appear to be incorporated rapidly because of its efficiency, effectiveness and, in doing so, they can affect the way people communicate.

How we share our good news with people can have a significant effect on our lives. Sharing good news on social media sites involves a process called capitalization. Capitalization has been shown to increase well-being when others provide appropriate responses in face-to-face interactions. To see if this effect on well-being extends to our online presence, this study utilized the social media site Facebook to observe if capitalization predicted well-being and relationship satisfaction. This study used data collected from 137 participants recruited from an undergraduate participant pool and from Amazon Mechanical Turk. Consistent with hypotheses, participants who reported receiving active and constructive responses after sharing a positive event on Facebook also reported greater personal well-being and relationship satisfaction. Although future experimental research is needed to establish causality, the current results suggest that the ways in which friends respond to social media posts are associated with personal and relationship well-being. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2016. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-27T13:02:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Pinheiro Rotundo.pdf: 1597987 bytes, checksum: 7b8b65232863955c234a658ad3b688de (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:02:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Pinheiro Rotundo.pdf: 1597987 bytes, checksum: 7b8b65232863955c234a658ad3b688de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-23 / The technological advancement provided by the global computer network has revolutionized human activities, communications have become easier, territorial boundaries between countries do not exist in the virtual world, and trade has been driven on a global scale. In this revolutionary network context, problems of high complexity arise that threaten the safety of users and the system itself. The lack of control and anonymity created a false impression that the internet would be an environment without rules, in which the wrong would not be grieved. In this context, civil liability for damages on the Internet is a subject that the law can’t refrain from dealing with, since its dynamism must be careful to protect and protect any offense that causes imbalance. At a first moment the work will address the characteristics of the information society, how the interpersonal relationships were affected by the digital age, and then to address the technical issues of the Internet, its operation, what services are available, its operators and other agencies. In a second moment, it will be approached to the civil responsibility of its evolution in counterpart to the society of the information, developing its study, as well as the elements that integrate it, with the action or omission, damage and causal link. Therefore its repercussions before entering the legal world of the Internet Civil Law, Law 12.965/2014, its interpretation by the STJ and the treatment of the subject in other countries / O avanço tecnológico proporcionado pela rede mundial de computadores revolucionou as atividades desenvolvidas pelo ser humano; as comunicações tornaram-se mais fáceis, as fronteiras territoriais entre os países desapareceram no mundo virtual e o comércio foi impulsionado em escala global. Neste contexto revolucionário de rede, surgiram problemas de alta complexidade que ameaçam a segurança dos usuários e do próprio sistema. A ausência de controle e o anonimato fizeram crescer uma falsa impressão de que a internet seria um ambiente sem regras, em que o ilícito não seria apenado. Nesse contexto, a responsabilidade civil pelo dano na internet é um tema sobre o qual o Direito não pode se abster, pois seu dinamismo deve ficar atento para proteger e resguardar qualquer ofensa que cause desequilíbrio. Em um primeiro momento a pesquisa abordará as características da sociedade de informação, a maneira como os relacionamentos interpessoais foram afetados pela era digital para, em seguida, abordar as questões técnicas da internet, seu funcionamento, serviços disponíveis, operadores e demais órgãos de atuação. Em um segundo momento será abordada a responsabilidade civil tendo em vista sua evolução em contrapartida à sociedade da informação. Serão estudados os elementos que a integram, a ação ou omissão, o dano e o nexo de causalidade. Por conseguinte, e ao final, suas repercussões ante o ingresso no mundo jurídico da Lei n.12.965/14, conhecida como Marco Civil da Internet, sua interpretação pelo Superior Tribunal de Justiça e o tratamento dedicado ao tema por outros países

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:36:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Cesar Elias 1.pdf: 1821568 bytes, checksum: 9d61b151033c83537db955df32b97e0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-04 / The contemporary society shows increasingly the necessity of the individual in having the control of the selection, processing, communication and use of the information. The computerization of the society is well-known and increasing, mediated mainly for the new technologies capable to establish links in different and distant geographic spaces, converging with a great amount of information in the most diverse areas of intelligence human being, either the cultural, enterprise, political and governmental use, or even for entertainment. On the other hand, this new society also reveals a great inequality between those who has access to the new technologies of the information and its great nets and those who doesn t have any access of physical or cognitive information, instituting the ones called excluded. Because the technological transformations occurred since the effective implementation of the Internet, new forms of organization and production of software appear, highlighting nowadays , the movement of free software and the current speeches telling us that it would establish itself as a liberating character in the sharing of information and knowledge, able to act as a new tool of digital inclusion. This study verifies the condition of veracity of this hypothesis, carrying out a theoretical research based in the Science of the Information and the discussions of the political economy of the information, investigating the current configuration of the society before the new technologies and the role that free software has been playing as a tool of digital inclusion. / A sociedade contempor?nea mostra cada vez mais a necessidade de o indiv?duo ter controle do processo de sele??o, processamento, comunica??o e uso das informa??es. A informatiza??o da sociedade ? not?ria e crescente, mediada principalmente pelas novas tecnologias, capazes de estabelecer elos em diferentes e distantes espa?os geogr?ficos, convergindo com uma grande quantidade de informa??es nas mais diversas ?reas da intelig?ncia humana, seja para o uso cultural, empresarial, pol?tico e governamental ou mesmo de entretenimento. Em contrapartida, esta nova sociedade revela tamb?m uma grande desigualdade entre os que possuem condi??es de acesso ?s novas tecnologias da informa??o, e as grandes redes de informa??o, dos que n?o possuem acesso algum, f?sico ou cognitivo, instituindo os chamados exclu?dos. Frente ?s transforma??es tecnol?gicas, ocorridas a partir da implementa??o efetiva da Internet, surgem novas formas de organiza??o e produ??o de software, tendo como destaque no cen?rio atual o movimento de software livre e os discursos existentes de que ele se estabeleceria com um car?ter libertador no compartilhamento de informa??o e conhecimento, podendo atuar como uma nova ferramenta de inclus?o digital. Este estudo verifica a condi??o de veracidade dessa hip?tese, realizando uma pesquisa te?rica alicer?ada na Ci?ncia da Informa??o e nas discuss?es da economia pol?tica da informa??o, investigando a atual configura??o da sociedade diante das novas tecnologias e o papel que o software livre vem desempenhando como ferramenta de inclus?o digital.

O desenvolvimento da tecnologia da informação e das comunicações em todo o mundo propicia condições para que a comunidade internacional possa vir a se relacionar sem enfrentar os obstáculos oferecidos pelas barreiras geográficas ou temporais, bem como possa vir a atuar diretamente na defesa de seus interesses, acrescentando novas formas de disciplina do seu comportamento além dos tradicionais mecanismos normativos oferecidos pelo Estado. O direito fundamental de livre acesso à informação por intermédio da tecnologia digital deve ser garantido em igualdade de condições a todos os indivíduos, na qualidade de participantes da sociedade global, em obediência aos princípios e disposições contidos na Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, bem como da Declaração do Direito do Desenvolvimento e sua atualização na Declaração do Milênio. Ocorre, que, os países em desenvolvimento não participam dos beneficios da evolução tecnológica e por não estarem conectados à rede mundial, estão alijados do processo e excluídos do acesso à informação transmitida por via digital. Os Estados, que originalmente foram considerados os únicos sujeitos de direito na ordem internacional, não se mostram mais aptos a gerir, com eficácia, os interesses da sociedade, tornando-se incapazes de oferecer as condições necessárias para o exercício pleno da cidadania. O presente estudo visa ampliar os limites da discussão acadêmica a respeito dos efeitos produzidos pelo avanço tecnológico e pela globalização transpondo o debate para a ordem jurídica internacional. O exame dos documentos produzidos pela Cúpula Mundial da Sociedade da Informação, organizada pela UIT, por intermédio da ONU, demonstra que os representantes dos países membros, juntamente com a iniciativa privada e a sociedade civil foram capazes de produzir Declarações de Princípios e Planos de Ação contendo regras de utilização da tecnologia da informação e das telecomunicações de forma a eliminar as desigualdades, e criando a possibilidade de que a humanidade possa, finalmente, vir exercer seu direito ao desenvolvimento. Ademais, criação do Fórum de Governança da Internet, como decorrência da Cúpula Mundial da Sociedade da Informação, evidencia que as regras para a utilização da rede mundial dos computadores permanecem sob a responsabilidade da comunidade internacional, restando, portanto, demonstrado que atuação da sociedade civil, através de mecanismos próprios para proteger seus interesses, repercute diretamente na esfera internacional e merece ser levada em consideração no estudo das fontes de Direito Internacional. / The development of information technology and communications all over the world created the ideal conditions for the international community to the improvement of relationship without any of the obstacles caused by geographical or chronological barriers, and turned possible to civil society to act directly in the defense of its own interests, adding new forms of ruling its behaviors besides the traditional legal mechanisms offered by the State. The free and direct access to information in digital format must be guaranteed in equal conditions as a fundamental right to all individuals, in their condition of members of global society, in accordance with the principles and provisions established by the Universal Human Rights Declaration, as well as of the Declaration of the Right to Development, dully amended by the Millennium Declaration. Nevertheless, the developing countries cannot benefit from technological revolution and since they cannot not connect to the Internet they are maintained apart from this process and therefore are prevented to exercise their right of access to information transmitted in digital format. On the other hand, the States that originally were considered the sole subjects of rights in the international order are not capable anymore to efficiently manage the interests of civil society and therefore cannot offer the necessary conditions to the plain exercise of citizenship. This paper intends to wide the limits of the academic discussion already in place analyzing the effects of the technological revolution and globalization enlarging the debate to the level of the international legal order. The exam of the documents produced by World Summit of Information Society, organized by ITU, dully authorized by UN, demonstrates that the representatives of the member States, jointly with the private sector and the civil society, were able to prepare the Declaration of Principles, Plan of Action and other related documents disciplining the use of information technology and communications in order to eliminate the differences and conduct the human beings to the plain exercise to of their right to development. Furthermore, the establishment of the Internet Governance Forum as a consequence of the World Summit of Information Society provides strong evidences that the rules for Internet access shall remain in the hands of Non Governmental Organizations and moreover demonstrates that the utilization by civil society of specific legal mechanisms in order to protect its own interests, may generate important consequences for the international legal order and therefore deserves to be examined as a phenomenon affecting the sources of International Law.

Over the last decade, Ubiquitous Real-time Passenger Information (URTPI) has become popular among public transport passengers. The effectiveness of URTPI and hence the value of the investments into the necessary systems can be increased with a clear understanding of how URTPI influences passenger behaviour. However, such an understanding is still limited and fragmented. In particular, very little is known about the impact of URTPI on route choice. This study fills this gap evaluating the impact of URTPI on bus passengers' route choice. A revealed preference survey methodology was adopted for data collection and two questionnaire surveys targeting bus users were carried out. Categorical Regression and discrete choice models, such as Binary Logit Model and Multinomial Logit Model, have been applied to analyse the survey data. The study reveals that trip length, passenger age and profession are the main factors influencing the use of URTPI.Having access toURTPI, the frequency of its use is strongly influenced by the attributes of information and social norms. Bus arrival time and bus stop location are the two most important contents of information. Changing time ofdeparture from the start and the boarding time are the two most popular actions taken by bus passengers after consulting URTPI. Passengers' decisions are influenced by information on bus arrival time, bus route, and walking distance. As a result of the impact of URTPI on passengers' choices, the demand distribution for bus runs could potentially be changed by 33% and for bus lines by 22%. The overall network demand distribution could be affected in 42% of cases as a result of consulting URTPI.This study implicates that while investing in tailoring the sources of URTPI, passengers' preferred attributes and contents of information should be considered. Transport planners and operators should take the potential impact of URTPI into account to make better predictions of the PT demand distribution.