Investigation of the historically informed performance movement with regard to its influence on violoncello playing since 1981 is approached in this critical commentary through the analysis of three different interpretations of Haydn’s Cello Concerto in C major. These interpretations are recordings by prominent cellists who have influenced or been influenced by the rise in popularity of the historically informed performance movement, namely Anner Bylsma, Pieter Wispelwey and Yo-Yo Ma. The critical commentary includes a brief summary of the musical careers of each individual and reports on the publicity surrounding them in an attempt to discover each performer’s views on the importance of historical performance practice and the extent to which these views are reflected in their performances. In order to establish what constitutes a historically informed interpretation of Haydn’s Cello Concerto, this document provides a brief background to the historical performance movement and also to the work itself. In the critical commentary, this work is analysed in relation to six specific aspects of historically informed interpretation: instrumentation, pitch, vibrato, tempo, ornamentation and cadential improvisation. By examining and comparing these aspects in the aforementioned twentieth-century recordings, this critical commentary concludes in support of Taruskin’s (1984) position on the now fashionable debate of historical performance practice. Namely, that the historical performance movement has been influenced as much by modern taste and aesthetics as by the attempt to create historically ‘accurate’ music.

Investigation of the historically informed performance movement with regard to its influence on violoncello playing since 1981 is approached in this critical commentary through the analysis of three different interpretations of Haydn’s Cello Concerto in C major. These interpretations are recordings by prominent cellists who have influenced or been influenced by the rise in popularity of the historically informed performance movement, namely Anner Bylsma, Pieter Wispelwey and Yo-Yo Ma. The critical commentary includes a brief summary of the musical careers of each individual and reports on the publicity surrounding them in an attempt to discover each performer’s views on the importance of historical performance practice and the extent to which these views are reflected in their performances. In order to establish what constitutes a historically informed interpretation of Haydn’s Cello Concerto, this document provides a brief background to the historical performance movement and also to the work itself. In the critical commentary, this work is analysed in relation to six specific aspects of historically informed interpretation: instrumentation, pitch, vibrato, tempo, ornamentation and cadential improvisation. By examining and comparing these aspects in the aforementioned twentieth-century recordings, this critical commentary concludes in support of Taruskin’s (1984) position on the now fashionable debate of historical performance practice. Namely, that the historical performance movement has been influenced as much by modern taste and aesthetics as by the attempt to create historically ‘accurate’ music.

Investigation of the historically informed performance movement with regard to its influence on violoncello playing since 1981 is approached in this critical commentary through the analysis of three different interpretations of Haydn’s Cello Concerto in C major. These interpretations are recordings by prominent cellists who have influenced or been influenced by the rise in popularity of the historically informed performance movement, namely Anner Bylsma, Pieter Wispelwey and Yo-Yo Ma. The critical commentary includes a brief summary of the musical careers of each individual and reports on the publicity surrounding them in an attempt to discover each performer’s views on the importance of historical performance practice and the extent to which these views are reflected in their performances. In order to establish what constitutes a historically informed interpretation of Haydn’s Cello Concerto, this document provides a brief background to the historical performance movement and also to the work itself. In the critical commentary, this work is analysed in relation to six specific aspects of historically informed interpretation: instrumentation, pitch, vibrato, tempo, ornamentation and cadential improvisation. By examining and comparing these aspects in the aforementioned twentieth-century recordings, this critical commentary concludes in support of Taruskin’s (1984) position on the now fashionable debate of historical performance practice. Namely, that the historical performance movement has been influenced as much by modern taste and aesthetics as by the attempt to create historically ‘accurate’ music.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Toronto, 2004. / Adviser: Michele Peterson-Badali.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-164).

Thesis (DClinPsychol)-Salomons Centre. BLDSC no.DX220778.

Descreve e analisa a dinâmica psicossocial da identidade, considerando a participação do individuo em um grupo denominado amor e união, que faz parte do movimento de solidariedade no desemprego, organizado pela associação paulista de solidariedade no desemprego (apsd). Parte do pressuposto de que ha uma relação significativa entre a participação e as formas de sociabilidade que os indivíduos desenvolvem dentro do grupo e as mudanças que ocorrem em suas identidades. Os ss são 6 mulheres do grupo amor e união, sediado no jardim Elisa Maria-SP, com idade entre 27 e 41 anos. Efetua o trabalho de campo durante 3 anos (1984-87), através do método de pesquisa participante, realizando, no ultimo ano, as observações sistemáticas e entrevistas com os membros do grupo. Analisa os dados com base nas teorias de George Mead, Peter Berger, Thomas Luckman e Jurgen Habermas, confirmando o pressuposto apresentado e demonstrando que ocorrem mudanças em torno da participação dos membros; que o grupo se torna um outro generalizado para seus integrantes e que isto ocorre de forma diferenciada entre eles. Conclui que a afirmação da identidade do grupo esta, em grande medida, na negação parcial do agente socializador, que e a apsd. Desta forma, a identidade deve ser entendida não só como igualdade mas, principalmente, como alteridade e contradição / This essay aims to describe and analise the basic psycho-social dynamics of the identity of a Unemployment Solidarity group Amor e União, taking into consideration the participation of the individual in this group. The group is part of the Unemployment Solidarity Movement, coordinated by the Unemployment Solidarity I Association of São Paulo (APSD). The basic supposition of this study is that there is a significant relation between participation and the forms of sociability that are developed by the individuals within the group, and the changes that occur in their identities. The analysis demonstrates that changes did occur as a result of this participation and that the group acts as a generalized other\" for its participants in a distinct way for each of them. Another important conclusion is that the afirmation of the identity of the group lies to a great extent in the partial denial of the model of the socializing agent, wich is the APSD. This conclusion indicates an understing of identity not only as equality or equivalence but, above all, as otherness\" and contradiction. Four authors - George H. Mead, Peter Berger, Thomas Luckmann and Jurgen Habermas - have been linked in the theoretical back-up to the study and the field work carried out trough participative research

El consentimiento informado es una de las aportaciones más innovadoras e importantes de la ciencia jurídica a la medicina. Pues en el ámbito de la medicina, la concepción tradicional de la relación médico-paciente ha sido paternalista, es decir, una relación en la que el médico era considerado como un sabio, capaz de tomar las decisiones más adecuadas para el paciente respecto al tratamiento que éste debía seguir, sin tener en cuenta su voluntad; en cambio el paciente, era considerado un individuo carente de racionalidad e incapaz de saber lo que le conviene para mejorar su salud. Hoy en día, resulta indiscutible la función esencial que cumple la autonomía de la voluntad del paciente, por el cual se le atribuye un papel mucho más activo y participativo en la toma de decisiones frente al que tenía en generaciones pasadas. Ello implica, el reconocimiento del derecho que tiene el paciente a decidir lo que resulta mejor para sus intereses, esto es, la autonomía que tiene para consentir o rechazar un procedimiento, diagnóstico o terapia recomendado. Como consecuencia de este reconocimiento, es que surge en garantía de éste el derecho a la información, ello como una manifestación de protección a la salud. Y es que resulta indiscutible el carácter fundamental de este derecho en las relaciones médico-paciente, cuyos avances en investigación clínica y el rápido desarrollo de la tecnología médica han hecho que se planteen nuevas medidas y normativas con miras a proteger los derechos de los pacientes. 7 Por tanto, la presente investigación tiene por objeto el realizar un estudio jurídico sobre el consentimiento informado en las relaciones médico-paciente tanto en el ámbito nacional como en el internacional. Y es que el consentimiento informado como tal, no ha sido un tema frecuentemente desarrollado a profundidad por la doctrina e incluso por los tratados de biomedicina; ello quizás porque su aplicabilidad se ha visto reducido a la elaboración de un complejo protocolo del acto médico a realizar, lo que finaliza con la aceptación por parte del paciente. El asombro e indignación que este hecho causa, acompañado además de la insensibilidad del médico por explicar con claridad el proceso a seguir y de las posibles complicaciones que puede generar este procedimiento o tratamiento, así como la vulneración del derecho a la información que tiene todo paciente, nos ha conducido a desarrollar esta investigación por capítulos, en los cuales de manera clara y sencilla se explica la problemática, los objetivos de la investigación, su regulación y el planteamiento de posibles soluciones. Tal es el caso, que en el Capítulo I se describe de forma concreta la problemática de la presente investigación, estableciendo las hipótesis a responder, la importancia y los objetivos a obtener. Seguidamente, el Capítulo II desarrollamos el derecho a la salud como derecho fundamental de todo ser humano, derecho importante para definir posteriormente al consentimiento informado, toda vez que éste es una manifestación del mencionado derecho y que por ende merece ser tratado a profundidad a fin de determinar su importancia. 8 En el Capítulo III, hacemos un breve recuento de los antecedentes históricos del consentimiento informado, expresado en sus inicios a través de la jurisprudencia norteamericana en cuyos casos, se explica y se trata con detalle por primera vez el término consentimiento informado. El Capítulo IV, se darrolla el contenido, titular y momento del Consentimiento Informado. Asimismo, el Capítulo V se explica el tratamiento del consentimiento informado tanto en el ordenamiento jurídico como en la jurisprudencia nacional; así como en la normativa y jurisprudencia internacional, en específico de los países de Costa Rica y España. En el capítulo VI, se desarrolla la ausencia del consentimiento informado, punto relevante ya que ante la omisión de brindar la información al paciente, este hecho constituye una vulneración no sólo al derecho a la información del paciente sino que también, vulnera los derechos a la salud, a la determinación y a la dignidad que todo ser humano por su condición de tal posee. Finalmente, el Capítulo VII abarca la propuesta legislativa como posible solución ante el incorrecto uso de este derecho, toda vez que no se subsume a un simple protocolo o formulario escrito, sino que su principal objetivo es mantener informado de forma clara y comprensible al paciente, de manera que éste puede otorgar su consentimiento en un total plano de conciencia-juicio de valor sobre la situación dada.

Considerando os fatores pessoais ou psicológicos para as políticas de saúde e as ações preventivas e reivindicatórias, investiga a presença dessas concepções nas práticas discursivas de trabalhadores industriais sobre acidentes de trabalho, procurando identificar os repertórios interpretativos e seus aspectos retóricos e argumentativos, por meio de análise de discurso. Realiza levantamento das teorias explicativas construídas no campo da acidentologia e da psicologia, investigando brevemente sua difusão no Brasil. Faz estudo de caso em uma empresa metalúrgica, com base em observações informais, levantamento de documentos e entrevistas confrontativas com 20 operários. Constata a presença marcante na compreensão dos acidentes da Teoria dos Dominós de Heinrich e a predominância das explicações baseadas nos atos inseguros, sustentados pela naturalização dos riscos e por práticas institucionalizadas de difusão. Aponta contradições entre os diferentes repertórios interpretativos e a presença de eventos desnaturalizadores que produzem rupturas semânticas e manifestações de resistência. A pesquisa revelou aspectos polissêmicos e repertórios de práticas discursivas que atribuem significados aos acidentes de trabalho. Revela também a influência de idéias científicas e das práticas institucionais sobre os modos de compreensão desses fenômenos, o que aponta para a necessidade de construção de um discurso contra-hegemônico de contestação das idéias que responsabilizam os trabalhadores pelos acidentes de trabalho / Work accidents are the outcome of the ways societies produce the conditions of their existence, and, at the same time, become social objects through theoretical-practical constructions. In this second process, conceptions based on personal or psychological factors that picture workers as responsible for accidents have been verified. Considering consequences for health policy, preventive and vindication actions, these conceptions in industrial workers discursive practices were investigated in an attempt to identify interpretative repertoires and their rhetoric and argumentative features. Explanatory theories constructed in the field of accidentology and psychology were surveyed and appreciated and their diffusion in Brazil was briefly investigated. Simultaneously, a case study in a metallurgic company was conducted, based on observations, informal conversations, surveys of documents and interviews with twenty workers. A pervasive presence of the Heinrichs Dominoes Theory was verified in the shared patterns of understanding and the predominance of accounts based on unsafe acts, sustained by naturalization of risks and institutionalized practices of diffusion. Nevertheless, the discursive construction of accidents occurs in a dillematic way, contradictions among the different repertoires and the presence of denaturalizer events both of which product semantic ruptures and manifestations of resistance were found out. Thus, the research reviewed polyssemic and rhetoric features of the discursive practices which make sense of work accidents. It also reviewed the influence of scientific thinking and institutional practices on the accident understanding which points out the need of construction of counter-hegemonic discourse for the contestation of ideas that blame workers for work accidents

Apresenta uma intervenção institucional em empresa e, a partir dela, discute as questões suscitadas pela pratica psicossocial no interior das organizações. Utiliza como método uma combinação das táticas dos grupos operativos de pichon-riviere, com o referencial critico de análise institucional de r.Lourau e g.Lapassade. A intervenção consiste em sessões de grupo e posterior re-análise que conduz a discussão dos múltiplos entraves e contradições que atravessam a pratica do psicólogo social e levam, não raro, ao incremento das estruturas coercitivas e totalitárias das instituições. Conclui pela necessidade de uma permanente critica das praticas psicossociais, de modo a promover uma práxis renovada e transformadora do real e de si mesmo / Not informed