A inovação é um dos motores do aumento da produtividade e do desenvolvimento econômico de um país, aumentando a renda per capita e a qualidade de vida da população. A questão é que o êxito do sistema nacional de inovação envolve as políticas industriais adotadas pelo país e a qualidade dos instrumentos de apoio à inovação. Este trabalho espera trazer informações sobre essa discussão. A proposta é apresentar a revisão da literatura sobre o tema, evolução da história recente do Brasil sobre o assunto, análise dos impactos dos instrumentos disponíveis, apresentar alguns exemplos de outros países, bem como análise crítica do modelo atual e quais caminhos poderiam ser adotados em nosso país. / Innovation is one of the drivers of increasing a country's productivity and economic development, increasing per capita income and the quality of life of the population. The point is that the success of the national innovation system involves the industrial policies adopted by the country and the quality of the instruments to support innovation. This paper hopes to bring information about this discussion. The proposal is to present a review of the literature and evolution of Brazil's recent history on the subject, analysis of the impacts of the available instruments, demonstrate some examples from other countries, as well as critical analysis of the current model and what improvements could be adopted in our country.

A área da saúde é considerada um dos setores econômicos mais dinâmico em termos de inovação e de acumulação de capital. Desta forma, a compreensão de sua estrutura e funcionamento é indispensável para a construção de políticas efetivas de promoção do bem-estar e do desenvolvimento dos países no âmbito dos Sistemas de Inovação em Saúde (SIS). O progresso tecnológico do setor de saúde vincula-se fortemente à ciência, tendo o advento da biotecnologia moderna acentuado a relação entre ciência e tecnologia para a pesquisa e a inovação médica, sendo que a inovação na área da saúde depende de pesquisas interdisciplinares e das interações entre indústrias e universidades, especialmente centros médicos acadêmicos, que atuam como centros de convergência de fluxos de informação científica e tecnológica. As pesquisas médica e biomédica no Brasil, a despeito de seu progresso em publicações científicas, apresentam caráter predominantemente acadêmico devido, em parte, ao fato de não existir suporte adequado à proteção à propriedade intelectual e ao reconhecimento de patentes no país. Neste sentido, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar como um empreendimento de base biotecnológica do segmento de fármacos é influenciado pelo SIS onde está inserido, tomando-se como objeto de estudo uma empresa desenvolvedora de produtos para oncologia, identificada aqui com o nome fictício de BIOTEC. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo e exploratório de caso único em duas etapas, a primeira envolvendo pesquisas em fontes de dados secundários e a segunda composta por entrevistas em profundidade com uma das empreendedoras da empresa BIOTEC e com a Gerente da Incubadora Empresarial do Centro de Biotecnologia da UFRGS (IECBiot), um dos parceiros da empresa e um importante ator dentro do Sistema Regional de Inovação em Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul (SRIS-RS). A partir das respostas obtidas, foi possível compreender como se dá a interação da empresa com outros atores do SIS brasileiro, em nível nacional e regional. Verificou-se também que,devido à existência de obstáculos associados ao excesso de burocracia e à dificuldade de ao acesso a fomento e incentivos no estado do RS, este não apresenta um ambiente propício ao desenvolvimento de empresas com o perfil da BIOTEC e que, apesar de existirem esforços do governo estadual em melhorar a situação do SRIS-RS, estas ainda se encontram aquém do necessário, fazendo com que, muitas vezes, as empresas optem por buscar ambientes mais favoráveis aos negócios. / The healthcare sector is one of the most dynamic sectors of the economy in terms of innovation and capital accumulation. Thus, understanding its structure and operation is essential for building effective policies to promote the welfare and development of countries under the health innovation systems (SIS). Technological progress in the healthcare sector binds strongly to science, with the advent of modern biotechnology marking the relationship between science and technology for research and medical innovation. Innovation in healthcare depends on interdisciplinary research and interactions between industries and universities, especially academic medical centers, which act as convergence centers of scientific and technological information flows. The medical and biomedical research in Brazil, despite its progress in scientific publications, have predominantly academic character, in part due to the fact that there isn’t adequate support for intellectual property protection and recognition of patents in the country. This way, this research aims to check how a biotechnology-based enterprise, focused on the production of drugs, is influenced by the HIS where it’s localized, taking as object of study a company that develops products for oncology, here identified with the fictitious name of BIOTEC. Therefore, it was conducted a qualitative and exploratory study of a single case in two stages, the first involving research on secondary data sources, and the second consisting of interviews with the entrepreneurs of BIOTEC company and the manager of the Business Incubator of the Biotechnology Center from UFRGS (IECBiot), one of the company partners and a major player within the health regional innovation system in the Rio Grande do Sul (SRIS-RS). From the answers obtained, it was possible to understand how is the company's interaction with the other actors of SIS, at the national and regional level. It was also found that, due to barriers associated with excessive bureaucracy and the difficulty to access finance promotion and incentives, the Rio Grande do Sul state doesn’t provide an appropriate environment to the development of companies with the BIOTEC’s profile. Although there are government efforts to improve the situation of SRIS-RS, they are still insufficient, which often make the companies choose to seek more favorable environments for business.

Esta dissertação objetivou avaliar se o setor audiovisual, considerando apenas as atividades de produção de TV, vídeo e cinema da indústria criativa no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, constitui um sistema de inovação de acordo com a teoria da Hélice Tripla. A pesquisa envolveu a identificação dos atores do setor audiovisual e suas interações, além de verificar se estas interações resultavam em inovação. Com abordagem qualitativa, o estudo exploratório utilizou entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado com atores representativos do setor da produção do audiovisual entre as três esferas. Como procedimento técnico foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo cujos resultados reforçaram as informações extraídas das entrevistas destacando dois pontos importantes (1) que a esfera da Indústria é mais dinâmica do setor e (2) que a esfera da Universidade está afastada das outras duas esferas. Os resultados finais indicaram que o setor audiovisual no estado do Rio Grande do Sul não pode ser considerado um sistema de inovação, mas seu modelo de setor se encontra em processo de evolução, partindo de uma mescla de modelos anteriores, parte estadista e parte laissez-faire e se encaminhando em direção ao modelo da Hélice Tripla. Além de direcionar a pesquisa em administração à indústria criativa, este estudo possui interesse e colaboração da Secretaria de Ciência, Inovação e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico através da parceria entre duas esferas – Universidade e Governo - unindo produção de conhecimento científico com o desenvolvimento econômico do estado. / This dissertation aims to evaluate whether the audiovisual sector, only considering the production activities of TV, video and film, the creative industry in the state of Rio Grande do Sul is an innovation system according to the theory of Triple Helix. The research involved the identification of audiovisuals sectors actors and their interactions and verified whether these interactions resulted in innovation. Using a qualitative approach, the exploratory study used semi-structured interviews with stakeholders in the sector of the production of audiovisual between the three spheres. As technical procedure used was content analysis whose results reinforced the information extracted from the interviews highlight two important points (1) that the sphere of industry is the most dynamic of sector and (2) the sphere of university is away from the other two spheres. The results indicate that the audiovisual sector in the state of Rio Grande do Sul cannot be considered an innovation system, but their model in the industry is in a process of evolution, starting from a mixture of previous models, part statesman and part laissez-faire and are heading toward the Triple Helix model. In addition to direct research in management for the creative industry, this study has interest and cooperation from the Secretariat of Science, Technology Development and Innovation through partnership between two spheres - University and Government - joining production of scientific knowledge with the state's economic development.

It is commonly accepted nowadays that innovations are brought forward in an interactive process of knowledge generation and application. The business sector, the science sector, and policy actors are involved in this process as has been stressed in concepts such as innovation systems and the network approach. It is still unclear, however, as to what extent different kinds of innovation rely on specific knowledge sources and links. More advanced innovations on the one hand might draw more on scientific knowledge, generated in universities and research organizations. Such knowledge is often exchanged in personal interactions at a local or regional level. Incremental innovations and the adoption of new technologies, on the other hand, seem to occur often in interaction with partners from the business sector also at higher spatial levels. In this paper we analyze such patterns of knowledge links. After dealing with knowledge interactions from a conceptual view and reviewing the relevant literature, we present an empirical analysis for Austria. The findings show that firms introducing more advanced innovations are relying to a higher extent on R&D and patents, and that they are cooperating more often with universities and research organizations. Firms having introduced less advanced innovations rely more on knowledge links with business services. Furthermore, the employment of researchers was identified as a key factor enhancing knowledge interactions of firms with universities. (authors' abstract) / Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

This thesis focuses on the research of RTDI policies (research, technology, development and innovation), and the main theme of this thesis is to link the three variables together: RTDI policy-making process, the contents of RTDI policies, the appropriateness of RTDI policies on configuration of the national, the sectoral and the technological innovation systems. We assume the policy-making process of RTDI policies would shape the contents of the RTDI policies. Once the contents of RTDI policies are implemented, the RTDI policies would influence, whether appropriate or inappropriate, on configuration of the three innovation systems. We define the configuration of the three innovation systems as national, sectoral and technological innovation system (NSTIS). We use the Taiwanese biotechnology and related sectoral policies as the empirical examples. Biotechnology in Taiwan configures with three sectors, i.e. pharmaceuticals, agriculture and medical device. Between 2000 and 2008, the Taiwanese government intensively promoted many policies in order to support the development of biotechnology and related sectors. Among the various policies, we choose the National Science and Technology Programs and the regulation policies (in terms of Law of Pharmaceutical Affairs and the Agro-pesticides Management Act) as our two empirical cases and set up the in-depth discussion for the policy-making process of the two policies.On the basis of the empirical cases of Taiwan, we explore the influence of the RTDI policy-making process on the contents of RTDI policies which further shapes the development of the NSTIS.

Biotechnologies are nowadays considered to be crucial for the transition to a knowledge-based economy and their development has a positive effect on the competitive strength of countries and regions. The aim of this diploma thesis is to assess, in a complex way, the biotechnology sector development potential in a particular region -- in the Olomouc Region. The theoretical part provides a general theoretical framework for the subject matter and a general description of the sector. The complex assessment of the development potential of biotechnologies is based on several partial analyses. The thesis analyzes the general characteristics of the innovation environment in the Olomouc Region, the education and research facilities that are present in this region, the biotechnology business sector and their mutual cooperation. Thesis also maps the current projects in the area of biotechnology and the key personalities in terms of the development of biotechnologies in the Olomouc Region.

The diploma thesis deals with the impact of innovation on regional development. The theoretical section explains the basic concepts of innovation and regional development, and describes the importance of innovation for regional development. The knowledge gained in the theoretical part is applied to the Central Region in the practical part of this thesis. Firstly, the individual actors in the Central innovation system are characterized and then their impact on the development of the region is outlined. Subsequently, the influence of the European Union support trough the Operational Programmes for the development of the region is evaluated. Due to the fact that innovation is the holder of sustainable economic growth and competitiveness of the region, the final chapter is dedicated to the innovative performance of the Central Region and to the comparison of the individual counties according to their level of competitiveness.

This thesis is focused on French innovation system and its outputs. The aim is to analyze innovation performance of France, as well as its innovation policy and to find out the meaning of the innovation system for French economy and its competitiveness. The thesis also includes a case study of a shareholder and presents his perspective. The first chapter explains basic definitions and innovation related terms and reviews innovation associated theories. The second chapter examines the French innovation system evolution and its performance based on statistical data. Moreover, the French innovation business conditions and an innovation policy will be discussed. Following the analysis of the French innovation system, the last chapter evaluates whether the target of reinforcing innovation capacity is met. At the same time, the third section presents a player of the system, Raise company, and its position within this innovation system.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) have been used in several sectors and industries and have generated positive results especially in respect of increasing productivity and collaboration. While the discipline of social informatics has studied the use of ICT in agriculture and in tourism as separate fields, little work has been done to look at ICT use in agritourism – the intersection of agriculture and tourism. Even less (or no) work has been done on ICT use in agritourism in small island developing states, the Caribbean, or Jamaica. This thesis presents the first look at the variables to be considered in applying ICT to agritourism in the Jamaican context. A holistic view of the Jamaican agritourism sub-sector, in the form of the newly crafted Jamaican Agritourism Innovation System (JATIS) model, is presented showing the interactions among the various actors (sectors) required for successful ICT implementation. The JATIS model is an extension of previous Agriculture Innovation Systems (AIS) models and is specifically applied to the Jamaican context. However, as opposed to previous models, the JATIS highlights the critical role of purveyors, or middlemen, operating in Jamaican agritourism. The model formulates a mechanism, different from the current Jamaican agritourism structure, to include all industry players in the supply/demand interaction. The inclusion of all players is done through a series of farm and purveyor groups, enabled and facilitated by ICT. In addition, the model highlights the improved quality of information exchange among the players as a result of the modified interaction proposed. It might be possible to apply the model to other Small Island Developing States, particularly those in the Anglophone Caribbean, where the socio-cultural variables and economies are similar to Jamaica’s. However, further research will have to be conducted to verify, fine-tune, or customize the model for external application.

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