Submitted by Fernando Souza (fernandoafsou@gmail.com) on 2017-08-28T13:25:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2250705 bytes, checksum: 90cbcab91a984fdf9da899bf2419e962 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2017-08-28T15:55:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2250705 bytes, checksum: 90cbcab91a984fdf9da899bf2419e962 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-28T15:55:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2250705 bytes, checksum: 90cbcab91a984fdf9da899bf2419e962 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-24 / In the current context, innovation systems are the main mechanism for transforming knowledge into economic valuation and improvement of the population quality of life, having strategic relevance for public policies of the State. From this perspective, most researchers consider the Brazilian Innovation System inefficient and disjointed. In order to contribute to the development of the Innovation System and, consequently, to the development of the state of Paraíba, universities presents themselves as actors whose peculiarities are capable of fostering this purpose. In this sense, this dissertation intends to answer the following research problem: How do the structure and organization of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) articulate with the actors of the Innovation System of Paraíba (SPI)? In order to answer this question, the present research objected to analyze the structure and organization of the Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB) in its relations with the SIP. This research is characterized as a descriptive research, with qualitative approach, having case study as investigation method. In order to achieve the desired results, was used documentary research, interview and application of structured survey as data collection technique. Referring to data analysis, analysis of content was chosen. The aim of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the structure and organization of UFPB, in particular with regard to the Development Institute of Paraíba (IDEP - UFPB) and the UFPB Agency of Technological Innovation (INOVA - UFPB), in order to leverage the leading role aimed at promoting, in local and regional level, economic and social development inherent to the institution. In this context, the research concluded that there is a convergence of diagnostics about the main problems that affect the interactions of the UFPB with the actors in the SIP: The inadequate form of planning as well as the lack of incentive, interest and teaching motivation for activities of education, research and extension focused on the socioeconomic needs of the State of Paraíba. / No contexto atual, os sistemas de inovação apresentam-se como o principal mecanismo de transformação do conhecimento em valoração econômica e em melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, possuindo relevância estratégica para as políticas públicas do Estado. Nessa perspectiva, grande parte dos pesquisadores considera o Sistema de Inovação Brasileiro pouco eficiente e desarticulado. No intuito de contribuir com o desenvolvimento do Sistema de Inovação e, consequentemente, com o desenvolvimento do Estado da Paraíba, as universidades apresentam-se como atores cujas peculiaridades são capazes de fomentar esse propósito. Nesse sentido, essa dissertação pretende responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: Como a estrutura e a organização da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) articulam-se com os atores do Sistema de Inovação Paraibano (SPI)? Para responder a essa questão, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar a estrutura e a organização da Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) em suas relações com Sistema de Inovação Paraibano (SIP). Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e, quanto ao método de investigação, como um estudo de caso. Para se alcançar os resultados almejados, utilizou-se a pesquisa documental, entrevista e aplicação de questionário estruturado, enquanto técnicas de coleta de dados. No que se refere à análise dos dados, adotou-se a análise de conteúdo. Pretende-se, com este estudo, contribuir com a melhoria da estrutura e da organização da UFPB, em particular no que tange ao Instituto de Desenvolvimento da Paraíba (IDEP – UFPB) e à Agência UFPB de Inovação Tecnológica (INOVA – UFPB), no intuito de alavancar o papel de protagonismo voltado à promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e social local e regional inerente à instituição. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa permitiu concluir que há uma convergência de diagnóstico sobre os principais problemas que afetam as interações da UFPB com os atores no SIP: A forma inadequada de planejamento bem como a falta de incentivo, interesse e motivação docente para atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão voltadas às necessidades socioeconômicas do Estado da Paraíba.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:44:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1470502 bytes, checksum: 5d64612c15c56ca3f91921e3fb3b3f52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The main purpose of this is to present the characteristics of the Brazilian System of Innovation and the regional ones, from an evolutionary point of view. The institutional structure and the entire support is analyzed through information available at the Science and Technology Bureau, CNPq, FINEP and general offices and foundations which works with C&T. It was found that the interactions between companies and universities are not relevant, even though the university‟s researches are financed by public resource. Additionally, it‟s observed that the C&T public policies objectives are still defined without a significant participation of Brazil‟s provinces, except for southeast states. The State of Paraíba was the case study chosen and it revealed to be very dependent of CNPq support, but with real possibilities of developing its C&T system. / O presente trabalho busca apresentar o perfil do Sistema de Inovação brasileiro, regional e estadual, partindo de um enfoque evolucionário sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, é analisada sua estrutura institucional e de apoio, utilizando informações disponíveis no Ministério de Ciência e Tecnologia, no CNPq, FINEP, Secretarias e Fundações Estaduais voltadas para C&T. Foi possível constatar que ainda são escassas interações entre empresas e universidades, com as pesquisas cientificas e tecnologias sendo realizadas fundamentalmente nestas últimas, com financiamento quase que exclusivamente com recursos públicos. Adicionalmente, observa-se que as diretrizes de políticas públicas para área de C&T ainda são definidas na esfera central, ainda com pequena iniciativa Estadual, a exceção de Estados do Sudeste. Como estudo de caso, foi analisado com mais detalhes o Estado da Paraíba, que se mostrou ainda muito dependente do apoio do CNPq, mas com possibilidades reais desenvolvimento do seu sistema de C&T.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:45:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2410319 bytes, checksum: 3a712755abe0ac58450bb2dd81d33006 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The proposed document presents Local Cluster Policies in the State of Paraíba: an analysis of the production profile and the spatial location according to the criteria of Supporting Institutions, starting by an evolutionary approach on the issue. Accordingly, it was attempted to make a mapping of Local Cluster in the State of Paraiba identified by the Institutions and how they work in the formalization of this support. Later on, Paraíba was mapped in "empty spaces", in other words, those municipalities where there are no productive activities and support as part of Local Cluster Institutions. Additionally, it is noticed the relationship between the distribution of Local Cluster, activities recognized as such and municipalities empty spaces , observing the mesoregions that productive activities are repeated in cities with Local Cluster and empty spaces , however the Institutions present indefinite criteria to support municipalities with Local Cluster and do not support similar activities in the remaining empty spaces . / O presente trabalho apresenta as Políticas para APL s no Estado da Paraíba: uma análise do perfil produtivo e da localização espacial a partir dos critérios das Instituições de Apoio, partindo de um enfoque evolucionário sobre o tema. Nesse sentido, buscou-se fazer um mapeamento dos Arranjos Produtivos Locais (APL‟s) no Estado da Paraíba identificados pelas Instituições e como essas trabalham na formalização desse apoio. Posteriormente, mapeou-se a Paraíba em espaços vazios , ou seja, aqueles municípios onde existem atividades produtivas e não há apoio como APL‟s por parte das Instituições. Adicionalmente, observa-se a relação entre a distribuição dos APL‟s, as atividades reconhecidas como tal e os municípios espaços vazios , observando-se pelas mesorregiões, que as atividades produtivas se repetem nos municípios com APL‟s e nos espaços vazios , porém as Instituições apresentam critérios indefinidos para apoiar os municípios com APL e não apoiar as atividades semelhantes nos demais espaços vazios .

O mundo volta suas atenções para o fenômeno de crescimento econômico observado na China nas últimas décadas. Neste contexto, a literatura contemporânea destaca as iniciativas do governo chinês para transformar o país em uma potência voltada para a geração de inovações tecnológicas. Essa trajetória diferenciada começa a ser determinada, de forma mais contundente, a partir da abertura econômica promovida sob liderança de Deng Xiaoping em 1978 e possui em seus sucessores a continuidade deste projeto estratégico. Assim, sustenta-se a ideia de que exista um projeto estratégico, idealizado pelo Estado chinês, que busca promover a capacidade de gerar inovações tecnológicas como um dos meios para a resolução dos principais entraves ao crescimento do país, tais como: a manutenção da alta produtividade; a diminuição da deterioração na distribuição de renda; a redução dos impactos do crescimento em termos de poluição ambiental; a criação de fontes de energia sustentáveis e renováveis, das quais o país possui enorme carência; aproximação do país da fronteira tecnológica global. Para além disso, o desenvolvimento da capacidade de gerar inovações é fundamental para garantir o crescimento sustentável da renda e evitar a armadilha da renda média, facilitando a transição do país do status de renda média para a alta. Presume-se, assim, que o esforço em promover as inovações faça parte de uma escolha estratégica adotada pelo Estado que busca, através da melhoria técnica, a solução para os enormes desafios expostos anteriormente. Inspirado pelos pontos de convergência das perspectivas neo-schumpeteriana e institucionalista, esta tese se propõe a avaliar a intencionalidade do Estado na criação de instituições voltadas para a promoção das inovações nativas na China, denominadas de “Zizhu Chuangxin”. Mais especificamente, quer se demonstrar a dinâmica de atuação do Estado no sistema nacional de inovações do país. Com base na análise das instituições criadas, extintas ou modificadas, expressas na forma física (criação de institutos, organismos, ministérios, etc.) ou representadas por leis, hábitos, costumes, padrões de comportamento e crenças, quer se sugerir uma periodização histórica das políticas e das intenções do Estado na promoção das inovações tecnológicas como forma de diminuir os obstáculos estruturais na continuidade do processo de desenvolvimento econômico da China. Diante do exposto, a principal hipótese de pesquisa é a de que, conforme amadurecem as capacidades internas nacionais de aquisição, da assimilação e do aperfeiçoamento de tecnologias existentes na fronteira do conhecimento, os canais de atuação do Estado chinês na indução das inovações têm-se alterado ao longo do tempo em resposta às demandas estratégicas constituídas pelo avanço econômico do país. Essa situação demostra que o processo de melhoria das condições tecnológicas da China não é um processo espontâneo guiado pelas forças de mercado, mas sim, liderado em grande parte, por ações executadas pelo Estado chinês na intenção de criar um ambiente institucional favorável à inovação. / The world turns its attention to the phenomenon of economic growth observed in China in recent decades. In this context, the contemporary literature highlights the initiatives of the Chinese government to transform the country into a Great Power aimed at generating technological innovations. This differentiated trajectory begins to be determined, more incisively, from the economic opening that was taking place under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in 1978 and has in its successors the continuity of this strategic project. Thus, the idea that there is a strategic project is maintained, the one idealized by the Chinese State, which seeks to promote the capacity to generate technological innovations as one of the means to solve the main obstacles to the country's growth, such as: productivity; the decrease of the deterioration in the distribution of income; reducing the environmental impacts of growth; the creation of sustainable and renewable energy sources, of which the country has an enormous deficiency; bringing the country closer to the global technological frontier. Beyond that, developing the ability to generate innovation is critical to ensuring sustainable income growth and avoiding the middle income trap, facilitating the country's transition from middle to high income status. It is presumed, therefore, that the effort to promote innovation is part of a strategic choice adopted by the State that seeks, through technical improvement, the solution to the enormous challenges presented above. Inspired by the points of convergence of the neo-Schumpeterian and institutionalist perspectives, this thesis proposes to evaluate the intentionality of the State in the creation of institutions aimed at promoting native innovations in China, called "Zizhu Chuangxin". More specifically, the thesis wants to demonstrate the dynamics of State action in the country's national innovation system. Based on the analysis of the created, extinct or modified institutions, expressed in the physical form (creation of institutes, agencies, ministries, etc.) or represented by laws, habits, customs, behavior patterns and beliefs, the work suggests a historical periodization of policies and State intentions in promoting technological innovations as a way to reduce structural obstacles in the continuity of China's economic development process. In view of the above, the main research hypothesis argues that, as national domestic capacities for acquiring, assimilating and improving of existing technologies at the knowledge frontier mature, the Chinese State's channels used to induce innovations have changed over time in response to the strategic demands made by the country's economic progress. This situation demonstrates that the process of improving China's technological conditions is not a spontaneous process driven by market forces but rather led, in large part, by actions intentionally carried out by the Chinese State to create a favorable institutional environment for innovation.

Abstract This thesis addresses the realisation of the regional development task of higher education in response to new regional and national challenges. This regional study investigates how the third task of regional development can be ‎understood and was addressed at Laurea University of Applied Sciences (UAS). In this qualitative study as research continuum: action research is used in the investigation of an organisational-regional change, the integrated perspective of the design research is in the systemising of design and a multiple case study research is integrated for bringing an understanding of a research scope and in addition it can produce new knowledge for design and action. The unit of analysis was a case study and the analysis was undertaken using empirical, in-depth data collected between May 2001 and September 2012. This study provides new and critical insights into the integration of regional development and regionally focused higher education within emergent value networks. In the centre of the study, there is the collectively developed integrative model at Laurea UAS, specifically, the student-centred integration of regional development, research and development (R&D) and higher education functions. Here, in this operative environment, close proximity with an integrated web of R&D activities and projects produces new knowledge. This investigation into the new “third task” of the regionally focused university focuses on the development of new knowledge from value networks and externalities, within which R&D activities steer the direction of new knowledge. This research uses an integrative model to examine the dynamic workings of an emerging networked innovative collaborative environment, consisting of UAS spin-offs and initiatives for knowledge-based economic development, and strategic alliances ‎between the actors of the regional knowledge flows that are rapidly extending towards more global networking and interaction with international externalities. / Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tutkimuskysymys on seuraava: Miten aluekehitystehtävää voidaan ymmärtää, suunnitella ja toteuttaa ammattikorkeakoulussa? Tutkimuksen viitekehys on Laurea-ammattikorkeakoulussa yhteisöllisesti kehitetty integratiivinen toimintamalli, joka yhdistää aluekehitystehtävän ja opiskelijakeskeisen tutkimus- ja kehitystoiminnan. Tutkimuksen analysointiyksikkö on toteutunut näyttö, jossa opiskelun ja alueellisen tutkimus- ja kehitystyön yhdistämisellä on keskeinen rooli. Tutkimuksessa toteutettu toimintatutkimus kohdistuu ammattikorkeakoulun muutoksen ‎tutkimiseen, ensisijaisesti tutkitaan aluekehitystehtävän toteuttamista ja siihen liittyviä muutoksia, ‎vuorovaikutuksia ja toteutusmalleja. Tutkimukseen sisältyvän suunnittelututkimuksen näkökulma on ‎suunnittelun systematisointi. Sen tavoite on tutkia, jotta voidaan kehittää, parantaa ‎ja arvioida malleja, käsitteistöjä, luokituksia, metodologiaa, artefakteja ja palveluja. Tapaustutkimus tässä tutkimuksessa vuorostaan tuottaa syvällistä ymmärrystä tutkittavasta ilmiöstä sekä lisää tietämystä suunnittelun ja toteuttamisen tueksi. Toteutettu integratiivinen toimintamalli yhdistää aluekehitystehtävän ja sekä toiminnassa kehittyvät kansainväliset arvoverkostot että alueelliset avainprofiilit, strategiat ja innovaatiojärjestelmän aktiviteetit. Toteutuksen toimintalogiikka yhdistää strategioiden, visioiden, luovuuden ja ajattelun syklisen maailman kehittämispohjaiseen oppimiseen ammattikorkeakoulussa. Toiminnan alueellinen ja yhteiskunnallinen vaikuttavuus ilmenee palvelujen, teollisuuden ja korkeakoulun yhteistyössä ja vuorovaikutuksessa, erityisesti yhteisöllisen toimintatavan, oppimisen integroitumisen, turvallisuuden sekä osaamisen, palvelujen ja tuotteiden kehittämisen alueella. Samalla integratiivinen toiminta edistää alueen kehittämistä tuottaen tietovarantoa sekä kansainvälistä verkostoitumista ja osaamista yksilöille, työyhteisöille ja alueelle.

Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide an improved understanding of the structural characteristics and the dynamic evolution of regional science-based clusters. The study is based on an in-depth comparison of three non-metropolitan science-based clusters: Oulu in Finland, Luleå in Sweden, and Pisa in Italy. This thesis is the result of a qualitative multiple-case study consisting of in-depth interviews with cluster decision-makers and experts in Finland, Sweden and Italy. The thesis is structured as follows: first the theoretical framework and research method are presented, then the case study regions and clusters are described, and finally, the data from the interviews are collated and discussed. The results of the study suggest that regional science-based clusters are not isolated entities but are increasingly more connected to the external environments and global markets than before although the local cluster activities and the "social glue" between the cluster actors are still relevant. The current structures of the clusters should have more alternatives and allow more flexibility. The data from this case study, based not only on the current status of the case clusters but also on a more longitudinal approach, confirm the life cycle nature of regional science-based clusters, consisting of various stages. The results of the study show that a detailed analysis of the cluster components is more efficient than studying the cluster as an aggregate. Furthermore, the data indicate that critical mass plays an important role especially in the development of regional science-based clusters in non-metropolitan regions. This study suggests an optimal size for the non-metropolitan cluster, i.e. one which reaches the critical size of a cluster but avoids the problems related to metropolitan clusters. The study underlines the importance of cluster features, such as cluster leadership and strategic management. The study identified similarities between the case study clusters in Oulu, Luleå, and Pisa, such as e.g. a strong research community, a high proportion of ICT companies, an insufficient number of growth-oriented enterprises, and some unease about the role of intermediaries of the cluster. Differences were found in e.g. the importance of cluster locomotive companies, the roles of technology parks, and the ability of the cluster actors to commit to joint actions. / Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöstutkimuksen tavoitteena on syventää ymmärtämystä alueellisten tiedepohjaisten klustereiden rakenteesta, toiminnasta ja kehittymisestä. Tutkimuksessa verrataan kolmea pääkaupunkiseutujen ulkopuolista tiedepohjaista klusteria Pohjois-Suomen Oulussa, Pohjois-Ruotsin Luulajassa ja Italian Pisassa. Tämän kvalitatiivisen usean tapauksen tapaustutkimuksen pohjana ovat perusteelliset klustereiden päätöksentekijöiden ja asiantuntijoiden haastattelut Suomessa, Ruotsissa ja Italiassa. Tutkimuksessa esitellään teoreettinen viitekehys ja tutkimusmetodit, minkä jälkeen esitellään tutkimuksen kohdealueet ja klusterit, analysoidaan haastatteluaineisto ja esitetään tutkimuksen loppuarviointi. Väitöstutkimuksen mukaan alueelliset tiedepohjaiset klusterit eivät ole ulkomaailmasta eristäytyneitä yksiköitä, vaan yhä enemmän sidoksissa ulkoiseen ympäristöönsä ja globaaleihin markkinoihin – huolimatta siitä, että paikallisilla klusteritoiminnoilla ja "sosiaalisella liimalla" klusteritoimijoiden välillä on edelleen merkitystä. Tutkimuksessa ehdotetaan klusterirakenteen kuvaamiseen joustavuutta ja vaihtoehtoisia klusterirakenteita. Tutkimusaineisto, joka sisältää nykytilanteen kuvauksen lisäksi pidemmän aikavälin aineistoa, vahvistaa alueellisten tiedepohjaisten klustereiden kehityksen elinkaarimallin eri vaiheineen. Klusterien analysoinnissa on tutkimuksen mukaan pelkkää kokonaistarkastelua tehokkaampaa klusterin komponenttien yksityiskohtainen tarkastelu. Tutkimuksen perusteella kriittisellä massalla on merkittävä vaikutus alueellisten tiedepohjaisten klustereiden kehitykselle etenkin pääkaupunkiseutujen ulkopuolisilla alueilla. Väitöstutkimuksessa esitetään klusterin optimaalisen koon käsite: klusteri saavuttaa kriittisen massan, mutta välttää etenkin metropolialueiden klustereiden tyypilliset ongelmat. Väitöstutkimus korostaa lisäksi mm. klustereiden johtajuuden ja strategisen johtamisen merkitystä. Väitöstutkimuksessa tunnistettiin Oulun, Luulajan ja Pisan klustereiden välillä yhtäläisyyksiä, kuten vahva tutkimusyhteisö, informaatio- ja kommunikaatioteknologian yritysten suuri osuus, kasvuhakuisten yritysten vähäinen määrä ja klusteritoimijoiden osittainen tyytymättömyys välittäjäorganisaatioiden rooliin klustereissa. Eroja klustereiden välillä tunnistettiin mm. veturiyritysten osuudessa, teknologiakylien roolissa ja klusteritoimijoiden yhteistyökyvyssä.

With the advent of the internet age, the way in which global society interacts with technology has changed dramatically. The instantaneous availability of information and connectivity, signal the rise of a knowledge economy. This is a system in which the most valuable resource, to nations and private enterprise, is knowledge. This thesis argues that value is created through knowledge flows, which result in innovation and technological advancement. This technological advancement is the primary determinant of a nation’s global competitive advantage in a globalized knowledge economy. This thesis then posits that these innovations are fostered by institutional, social, cultural, economic, and governmental factors within a nation. These factors make up a nations’ National Innovation System (NIS). Using case studies of the US, China, India, and the EU, this paper then attempts to deconstruct, compare, and contrast the innovation strategies of each country and what implications they might have for the future. Lastly, an analysis of potential trends attempts to forecast the global innovative landscape in the near future.

Mit dem Thema Innovationen beschätftigen sich in heutiger Zeit nicht nur Unternehmen. Diese Problematik spielt auch für den wirtschaftlichen Erfolg ganzer Regionen eine wichtige Rolle. Die mit Innovationen verbundenen Aspekte werden deshalb sowohl von der Wirtschaft als auch seitens der Wissenschaft mit großem Interesse verfolgt. Die Publikation präsentiert die grundlegenden Ergebnisse des Ziel3-Projekts „INPOK – Innovationspotenzial als Faktor zur Erhöhung der Konkurrenzfähigkeit des sächsisch--böhmischen Grenzraums“. Der Forschungsansatz der beiden Projektpartner, die Jan Evangelista Purkyně Universität in Ústí nad Labem sowie die Technische Universität Dresden basiert auf qualitativen und quantitativen Untersuchungsmethoden. Darüber hinaus wurden verschiedene Transferaktivitäten umgesetzt. Aus den vorgestellten Untersuchungsergebnissen können vor allem Vertreter/innen aus dem Bereich des Wissens- und Technologietransfers, d.h. aus innovationsorientierten Unternehmen, Forschungseinrichtungen, kommunalen Verwaltungen und intermediären Einrichtungen einen besonderen Nutzen ziehen. Nicht zuletzt wird ein Lösungsansatz präsentiert, um den grenzüberschreitenden Wissens- und Technologietranser im sächsisch-böhmischen Grenzraum zu steigern.:Vo r w o r t 7 Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis 9 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 14 Projektpartner und das Autor/innenteam 15 Einleitung 18 1. Region und Innovation 21 1.1 Theorien der Regionalentwicklung 23 1.2 Forschungskooperationen, ihre Akteure und Rahmenbedingungen in der Praxis 27 1.3 Forschungsleitende Hypothesen 32 1.3.1 Territorium und Potenzial 32 1.3.2 Akteure und Wissenstransfer 33 2. Das Unter suchungsgebiet und regional politische Strategien 35 2.1 Lage und administrative Gliederung 38 2.2 Bevölkerungsentwicklung und Siedlungsstruktur 41 2.2.1 Entwicklung auf nordböhmischer Seite 41 2.2.2 Entwicklung auf sächsischer Seite 42 2.3 Wirtschaftliche Situation aus innovationsorientierter Perspektive 44 2.4 Akteursgruppen im Innovationsprozess 47 2.4.1 Unternehmen 47 2.4.2 Forschungseinrichtungen 48 2.4.3 Intermediäre 48 2.5 Grenzüberschreitende Infrastrukturen 49 2.6 Modellregion Šluknovsko 51 2.7 Die Entwicklung von Innovationen aus der Perspektive verschiedener Entscheidungsebenen 55 2.7.1 Europäische Ebene 55 2.7.2 Nationale Ebene 57 2.7.3 Grenzüberschreitende Verbindungen und internationaler Vergleich 61 3. Methodisches Vorgehen 63 3.1 Empirische Untersuchung 66 3.1.1 Unternehmen 67 3.1.2 Forschungs- und Entwicklungseinrichtungen 68 3.1.3 Kommunale Verwaltung (Gemeinden) 70 3.1.4 Intermediäre 70 3.2 Erprobung von Transferformaten 71 3.2.1 Innovationsbörse 71 3.2.2 Besuchsprogramm 71 3.2.3 Gruppendiskussion 72 4. Empirische Ergebnisse 73 4.1 Quantitative Untersuchungsergebnisse 75 4.1.1 Ergebnisse der Befragung von Unternehmen 75 4.1.2 Ergebnisse der Befragung von Forschungs- und Entwicklungseinrichtungen 107 4.1.3 Ergebnisse der Befragung kommunaler Verwaltungen und intermediärer Einrichtungen 127 4.2 Qualitative Untersuchungsergebnisse 150 4.2.1 Förderliche Elemente für Forschungs kooperationen 150 4.2.2 Hinderliche Elemente für Forschungs kooperationen 152 4.2.3 Grenzüberschreitende Forschungs kooperationen – IST-Stand 152 4.2.4 Grenzüberschreitende Forschungskoopera tionen – Verbesserungsansätze 153 4.2.5 Fazit der qualitativen Studie 154 4.3 Ergebnisse der Erprobung von Transferformaten 154 4.3.1 Innovationsbörsen 154 4.3.2 Besuchsprogramm 156 4.3.3 Gruppendiskussionen 157 5. Fazit 159 5.1 Hypothesenüberprüfung 161 5.2 Schlussfolgerungen und Handlungsansätze 163 5.2.1 Organisationsinterne Faktoren 164 5.2.2 Organisationsexterne Faktoren 166 5.3 Lösungsvision – ein grenzüberschreitendes Innovationsnetzwerk 178 Resümee 182 Resumé 191 Resume 202 Literatur 213 Anlagen 218

In recent years there has been an increased focus on preservation of our environment and natural resources. As a result, in a notably natural resource consuming world, sustainable development has evolved in societies for the conservation of the environment. Even though the term sustainability has become more frequently discussed, the subject remains complex. The aim of the study is to explore how high-profile business incubators in Sweden and the startups they support relate to sustainability, and to understand the conditions for pushing more progressive sustainability agendas, in a country that boasts about its sustainability ambitions. Fourteen in-depth, semi-structured interviews were held with both incubator business developers, startup founders, an expert within the innovation system and a professional investor. This qualitative study analyses different perceptions regarding sustainability and the incubators and startups role within the innovation system in a country that boasts about its sustainability ambitions. The results indicate that there is a demand for stricter institutional pressures, with increased support for entrepreneurs. It also turns out that incubators have room for improvement when it comes to motivational inspiration and behavioural changes for their tenants. However, they show to be receptive and attentive towards a systematic approach in order to enhance sustainability work. It is also shown that entrepreneurs', compared to the incubators, appears to have taken a greater distance from understanding the sustainability topic. As many as 56 percent of the entrepreneurs claimed that a forced method could be beneficial but might require more time than it is worth. The remaining 44 percent saw it as purely advantageous. Future studies are encouraged to conduct an investigation including a greater number of participants as an attempt to generalise these findings, and also try to identify if gender has a significant role regarding the matter.

The Master's thesis "Swedish innovation policy: success or paradox?" focuses on Sweden's public policy for innovation during the past two decades. It, however, deviates somewhat from the conventional notion that places Sweden in the forefront when it comes to innovation. On the contrary this study follows the line of thought that believes there is an imbalance between the inputs to innovation in terms of R&D investments, which are truly outstanding, and the economic outputs that have been rather unimpressive and could be higher. Using the innovation systems perspective, a theoretical framework that has grown popular with academics and policymakers alike, the thesis analyzes Sweden's innovation policy, aiming to find out, whether the government really performs the activities, that the innovation systems theory views as vital. While it can be said that the innovation policy truly fulfills a wide range of activities that the theory views as key, there is still room for improvement in several areas, due to which the innovation paradox is still in operation, albeit we can view it less as an acute problem but a rather an opportunity, which policy has not been able to capitalize on.