No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among the teachers' use of the individual elements of lesson design, students' mastery of mathematics objectives, the hours of inservice training completed by the teachers and the teachers' years of experience. The individual elements of lesson design are defined by Madeline Hunter and are anticipatory set, objective and purpose, input, modeling, checking for understanding, guided practice, and independent practice.

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma investigação acerca dos usos das mídias interativas utilizadas no PEC - Formação Universitária Municípios, um programa de formação de professores em serviço que encerrou suas atividades em dezembro de 2004. O programa faz parte das políticas educacionais que têm incentivado a adoção da Educação a Distância (EaD) e o uso das Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTIC) na formação docente. A metodologia qualitativa utilizada na pesquisa envolveu atividades de observação in loco, entrevistas gravadas com alunas-professoras e profissionais do programa e coleta de documentos de tipo diverso -impressos, digitalizados e em vídeo. As análises basearam-se nos conceitos de uso, consumo, estratégias e táticas de Michel de Certeau (1994), de apropriação, de Roger Chartier (2001) e de técnica, de Piérre Lévy (1999). Os usos das NTICs constituem o foco do trabalho e são entendidos sob três aspectos: uso potencial, uso proposto e uso efetivado. Parte-se da hipótese de que na proposta de formação do programa predomina um modelo industrial de EaD, em que ensino e aprendizagem relacionam-se como uma forma especial de produção e consumo. Porém, esse uso não é necessariamente passivo. Considerando que as políticas atuais enfatizam o papel das novas mídias, como meio e como finalidade das ações de formação em serviço, o trabalho busca analisar criticamente os discursos que defendem o uso das novas tecnologias em educação como forma de inclusão de docentes e alunos na denominada Sociedade da Informação e aqueles que enfatizam a contribuição inédita da EaD pelo caráter de interação e interatividade. As análises empreendidas levaram a perceber várias ambigüidades na execução do programa, decorrentes, de um lado, das contradições internas a que esteve sujeito, dada a complexidade da proposta que envolveu várias instituições e instâncias de decisão; e, de outro, de sua proposta metodológica, de vez que assentada em uma concepção instrumental das mídias interativas. Ao lançar mão das novas tecnologias como meio de formação em massa, o PEC acabou por transformar suas potencialidades em obrigatoriedades, promovendo massificação, padronização e mecanização do ensino. Todavia, as alunas-professoras, na condição de consumidoras astuciosas, apropriaram-se das mídias de formas diversas daquelas previstas pelo programa, adequando o uso das mesmas a suas próprias necessidades. Tais apropriações, como parte integrante e positiva de um processo de autoformação, não foram levadas em conta pelo programa, a despeito de sua proposta pedagógica colocar ênfase e adotar como um de seus princípios o valor da experiência prática dos docentes. / This work presents the results of an investigation concerning the uses of interactive media utilized in the PEC - Formação Universitária Municípios, a high education program for inservice primary teachers, which ended its activities in December 2004. The program is part of the current public policies in education that have encouraged the implementation of distance education methodology and the use of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in teacher education. A qualitative approach was taken, consisted of in loco observation, recorded interviews with the student-teachers and professionals who worked for the program, and gathering of printed, digitalized and recorded documents. The analyses are based on the concepts of use, consumption, strategies and tactics by Michel Certeau (1994), of appropriation by Roger Chartier (2001) and of technique by Piérre Lévy (1999). The focus of the study is the use of the ICT, with regard to three aspects: their potential use, their intended use and their actual use. The work starts with the assumption that the industrial distance education model is the core of the program and consider that, in such model, the teaching and learning relate to each other in a productive consumptive (not necessarily passive) manner. It was taking into account that the current public policies emphasize the role of the new media and technologies as a means as well as an end of the in-service education. With that in mind, the work aims at making a critical analysis of both the discourse of those who support the use of ICT in education as a means of inclusion of teachers and pupils in the so called Society of Information and of those who underline the brand new contribution of distance education based on its interaction and interactivity characteristics. The analyses mad explicit the various ambiguities of the program due, in part, to the complexity of its proposal that involved different institutions and levels of decisions, and also to the employed methodology based on an instrumentalist concept of the interactive media. Making use of the technologies as a means of mass education, the PEC ended to transforming the potential uses of the new technologies in mandatory ones, which resulted in mass use, standardization and mechanization of the education. Nevertheless, the student-teachers, as clever consumers, appropriated of the media in ways that were not anticipated by the program, tailoring them to their own necessities. In spite of having as pedagogical principle the value of the practical experiences, such appropriations were not appreciated by the program as being an essential part of the teacher?s self-education.

A mudança de administração, no município de São Paulo em 1989, ordenou, particularmente para o setor saúde, uma série de inovações na gestão dos serviços de saúde, objetivando a implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. Para tanto, uma das principais estratégias consistiu na qualificação dos trabalhadores da saúde. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve o objetivo de analisar como os princípios políticos do SUS foram incorporados aos cursos promovidos para a formação de auxiliares de enfermagem - Programa de Formação de Pessoal em Larga Escala - PLE -. Partindo dos conceitos que nutriram a construção dos princípios e diretrizes do SUS, derivados do ideário da Reforma Sanitária, o caminho metodológico empreendido neste estudo consistiu de: 1) análise documental e 2) entrevista com os coordenadores do PLE - níveis central e regional - da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde. A análise dos dados permitiu reconhecer que: 1) a política e as práticas dessa gestão municipal estavam comprometidas com o ideário da Reforma Sanitária: priorizou a qualificação dos trabalhadores da saúde que não haviam tido essa oportunidade antes e adotou uma pedagogia voltada à condução de um processo de "transformação" dos agentes relativa a ambas: sua prática em saúde e sua compreensão sobre direitos sociais como trabalhador e como cidadão; 3) os coordenadores, de uma maneira geral, mostraram-se motivados para desenvolver a proposta de qualificação e viram o processo como uma ferramenta importante para implementar o SUS; 4) os coordenadores do nível regional mostraram um entendimento limitado do processo de qualificação, isolando a dimensão técnica da dimensão política. / The change or São Paulo city administration in 1989, had ordered, particularly to the health sector, many innovations related to the management of the health services aiming at the implementattion of the Brazilian Public Health System - BPHS - To accomplish that, one of the main strategies was the qualification of health workers. This qualitative study has the objective of analyzing how the political principles of the BPHS were incorporated to the courses promoted to form nurses auxiliaries throug the Large Scale Formation program. Using the concepts that had nurtured the constrution of the health system political principles, derived from the Sanitary Reform movement, the methodology of the study consisted of: 1) a document research; 2) interviews with program coordinators of the central and regional levels of the Municipal Department of Health. Data analysis allows to recognize that: 1) the policies of this administration were compromised with the Sanitary Reform movement: it had prioritized the qualification of health workers that did not had this opportunity before; and it had adopted a pedagogical practice in order to conduct a process of transformation of the health agents towards their health practice and their rights as workers and citizens; 3) most of the coordinators were motivated to develop this qualification proposal and they had viewed the process as an important tool to implement the public health system; 4) the regional level coordinators had a limited understanding of the qualification process, isolating the technical from the political dimension.

A mudança de administração, no município de São Paulo em 1989, ordenou, particularmente para o setor saúde, uma série de inovações na gestão dos serviços de saúde, objetivando a implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS. Para tanto, uma das principais estratégias consistiu na qualificação dos trabalhadores da saúde. Este estudo, de natureza qualitativa, teve o objetivo de analisar como os princípios políticos do SUS foram incorporados aos cursos promovidos para a formação de auxiliares de enfermagem - Programa de Formação de Pessoal em Larga Escala - PLE -. Partindo dos conceitos que nutriram a construção dos princípios e diretrizes do SUS, derivados do ideário da Reforma Sanitária, o caminho metodológico empreendido neste estudo consistiu de: 1) análise documental e 2) entrevista com os coordenadores do PLE - níveis central e regional - da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde. A análise dos dados permitiu reconhecer que: 1) a política e as práticas dessa gestão municipal estavam comprometidas com o ideário da Reforma Sanitária: priorizou a qualificação dos trabalhadores da saúde que não haviam tido essa oportunidade antes e adotou uma pedagogia voltada à condução de um processo de "transformação" dos agentes relativa a ambas: sua prática em saúde e sua compreensão sobre direitos sociais como trabalhador e como cidadão; 3) os coordenadores, de uma maneira geral, mostraram-se motivados para desenvolver a proposta de qualificação e viram o processo como uma ferramenta importante para implementar o SUS; 4) os coordenadores do nível regional mostraram um entendimento limitado do processo de qualificação, isolando a dimensão técnica da dimensão política. / The change or São Paulo city administration in 1989, had ordered, particularly to the health sector, many innovations related to the management of the health services aiming at the implementattion of the Brazilian Public Health System - BPHS - To accomplish that, one of the main strategies was the qualification of health workers. This qualitative study has the objective of analyzing how the political principles of the BPHS were incorporated to the courses promoted to form nurses auxiliaries throug the Large Scale Formation program. Using the concepts that had nurtured the constrution of the health system political principles, derived from the Sanitary Reform movement, the methodology of the study consisted of: 1) a document research; 2) interviews with program coordinators of the central and regional levels of the Municipal Department of Health. Data analysis allows to recognize that: 1) the policies of this administration were compromised with the Sanitary Reform movement: it had prioritized the qualification of health workers that did not had this opportunity before; and it had adopted a pedagogical practice in order to conduct a process of transformation of the health agents towards their health practice and their rights as workers and citizens; 3) most of the coordinators were motivated to develop this qualification proposal and they had viewed the process as an important tool to implement the public health system; 4) the regional level coordinators had a limited understanding of the qualification process, isolating the technical from the political dimension.

This study examined the interactions--(1) research grants and contracts, (2) faculty consultation, (3) employee training, (4) student internships and co-ops, (5) universities sharing firm facilities, and (6) firms sharing university facilities--between higher education and high-tech industries in East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia using multiple regression modeling. The purpose of the study was the development of a vision of what the future could be and the strategies to successfully overcome the threats and enrich the opportunities that exist between higher education and high-tech industries. Data were collected from the engineering and engineering technology faculty at Tennessee Technological University, East Tennessee State University, Virginia Polytechnical Institute and State University, the University of Tennessee at Knoxville, and the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga and selected high-tech firms in East Tennessee and Southwest Virginia. The analytical process included four phases: (1) data collection and preparation, (2) reduction of independent variables, (3) model refinement, and (4) model validation. The analysis suggested that large universities with well-defined organizational channels seemed to have an advantage in obtaining research grants and contracts from large firms that were strongly involved in research and development. Likewise, faculty members seemed to use the facilities of large high-tech firms that were near to the university. More importantly, the study emphasized the mutual benefits that universities and industries could share through university-industry interactions if each could overcome formidable barriers that have been established through tradition, culture, and bureaucratic processes.

This study examined manufacturing firms' characteristics and environmental factors and their relationships to the perceived importance of basic workplace skills and the preferences of employers toward customized training partnerships with community colleges. Key individuals in the human resource departments responsible for planning and decision making of employing companies were surveyed. The Workplace Education Survey was used to collect data on the employers' perceptions about the importance of basic skills groups, about workplace-based customized training as the preferred means of delivering training in each of seven basic skills groups to their employees, and to determine their preferences for providers of the training. The survey also included customized training partnerships with community colleges. The study analyzed the relationships that exist in comparing the size of the firm and other characteristics identified in the literature with the respondents perceptions regarding the importance of the seven basic skills groups, workplace-based customized training, and partnerships with community colleges. Adaptability Skills, Communication Skills, and Group Effectiveness skills emerge as the most important workplace skills groups, and community colleges as the preferred providers according to the respondents to this study. Findings also revealed that changes in the nature of work and workplace skills are being dictated by the application of computers.