Sleep problems are one of the most common health complaints in the population. Furthermore, people often judge good sleep as crucial for everyday well-being and it has been shown that lack of sleep has negative health effects. However, sleep has not been a subject of much sociological study. In this study sleep problems are analysed in different ways. First, a cross-sectional analysis is done in order to find out whether sleep problems in the population have increased from 1968 to 2000. Secondly, a longitudinal analysis is done to see how sleep problems pattern from middle-age to old-age. Last, it is analysed whether there are any differences in the sleep patterns from middle-age to old-age for manual workers and non-manuals. This study shows that there has been an increase in sleep problems from 1968 to 2000 in the population. However the increase has only affected younger age groups (between the age 19-55), the elderly population is unaffected. The increase is found among both men and women. Longitudinal analyses of a cohort (born 1915-1925) followed from middle-age to old-age (for 34 years) showed that one out of four experienced an onset of sleep problems during the study. This is in line with earlier research stating that insomnia to a large part is age-related. Furthermore, it was found that manual workers had a larger increase of sleep problems across the 34 years than non-manuals, perhaps suggesting an accumulation effect. All analyses were separated for gender and women constantly reported more sleep problems than men. This is not surprising since this relation have been found across almost all cultures and times. Nevertheless, in this study no increase of the gender gap was found with advancing age, a relation found in most other studies. However more research is needed to understand the reason behind the gendered nature of sleep problems.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, and San Diego State University, 2004. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-50).

published_or_final_version / Medical Sciences / Master / Master of Medical Sciences

No description available.

I Sverige beräknas ca 24 % av befolkningen lida av sömnbesvär och vart tredje besök inom primärvården utgörs av personer som lider av någon form av psykisk ohälsa. Sömnbesvär är vanliga hos personer som har någon form av psykossjukdom och kan leda till att tillståndet förvärras och tillfrisknandet försvåras. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som finns att tillgå för att främja nattsömnen hos personer med en psykossjukdom. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 9 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades. I resultatet skapades två kategorier utifrån hur kunskapsläget såg ut, farmakologiskt perspektiv samt icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder. Resultatet visade att Melatonin och Neuroleptika kunde vara effektiv farmakologisk behandling. Sömnhygieniska principer samt avslappande musik visade sig vara effektiva icke-farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder. Icke- farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder existerar men de är få i förhållande till de farmakologiska åtgärderna som är de mest framträdande varv ytterligare forskning kring icke-farmakologiska åtgärder efterfrågas. Det skulle vara önskvärt att skriva ut icke- farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder ”på recept” i syfte att främja nattsömnen hos personer med psykossjukdom vilket psykiatrisjuksköterskan har en nyckelroll i att utföra. Likaså efterfrågas fortlöpande kompetenshöjande och forskningsbaserad utbildning för psykiatrisjuksköterskor när det gäller sömnbesvär relaterat till psykossjukdom. / In Sweden, approximately 24% suffer from insomnia, and every three visits in primary care are persons who suffer from some form of mental illness. Sleep disorders are common in people who have some form of psychotic illness and can lead to a worsening of the condition and that the recovery becomes harder. The aim of this study was to describe the nursing interventions available to promote sleep in people with a psychotic illness. The study was conducted as a case study where 9 scientific articles were reviewed and analyzed. The result created two categories based on the present knowledge in the area, pharmacological perspective and non- pharmacological nursing interventions. The result showed that melatonin and neuroleptics could be effective pharmacological treatment. Sleep Hygiene principles and relaxant music proved to be effective non- pharmacological nursing interventions. Non- pharmacological nursing interventions exist but they are few in relation to pharmacological actions which are the most prominent. Further researches into non- pharmacological measures are required. It would be desirable to print non- pharmacological nursing interventions "on prescription" in order to promote sleep in people with psychotic illness as the psychiatric nurse has a key role to perform. Similarly, continuous skills enhancement and research-based training for psychiatric nurses regarding sleep disorders related to psychosis are requested.

Thesis (MPsy(Clinical))--University of South Australia, 2005.

Thesis (MPsy(Clinical))--University of South Australia, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 18, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-98).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-98).

abstract: Physical activity is critical for optimal health and has emerged as a viable option to improve sleep. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity comparisons to improve sleep in non-exercising adults with sleep problems is limited. The purpose was to determine the effects of moderate- or vigorous-intensity exercise on sleep outcomes and peripheral skin temperature compared to a no-exercise control. The exercise intensity preference also was determined. Eleven women (46.9±7.0 years) not participating in regular exercise and self-reporting insomnia completed a graded maximal exercise test followed by a crossover trial of three randomly assigned conditions separated by a 1-week washout. Participants performed moderate-intensity [MIC, 30 minutes, 65-70% maximum heart rate (HRmax)] or high-intensity (HIT, 20 minutes, 1-minute bouts at 90-95% HRmax alternating with 1-minute active recovery) treadmill walking or a no-exercise control (NEC) on two consecutive weekdays 4-6 hours prior to typical bed time. A dual-function wrist-worn accelerometer/temperature monitor recorded movement and skin temperature from which sleep-onset latency (SOL), sleep maintenance, sleep efficiency, total sleep time (TST), and peripheral skin temperature changes were calculated. Participants self-reported sleep outcomes weekly, enjoyment of exercise the morning after HIT and MIC, and exercise intensity preference upon completing all conditions. Mixed models analysis of variance examined differences between and within conditions controlling for demographic characteristics and habitual physical activity. HIT resulted in up to a 90-minute TST increase on night four (448 minutes, 95% CI 422.4-474.2) compared to nights one-three. MIC nights three (43.5 minutes, 95% CI 30.4-56.6) and four (42.1 minutes 95% CI 29.0-55.2) showed nearly a 30-minute SOL worsening compared to nights one-two. No other actigraphy-measured sleep parameters differenced within or between conditions. Self-reported sleep outcomes, peripheral skin temperature change, and exercise enjoyment between conditions were similar (p>0.05). More participants preferred lower (n=3) to higher (n=1) intensity activities. Early evening high-intensity and moderate-intensity exercise had no effect on sleep outcomes compared to a control in non-exercising adults reporting sleep complaints. Sleep benefits from HIT may require exercise on successive days. Participants indicated partiality for lower intensity exercise. More information on timing and mode of physical activity to improve sleep in this population is warranted. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physical Activity, Nutrition and Wellness 2016