Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to explain how the gender diversity of the top management team affects the disclosure strategy regarding gender diversity, in state-owned enterprises. The study, in addition, tests if hybridity, conceptualized as conflicting institutional logics, has a moderating effect on this relationship. Theoretical perspectives: With its starting point in the upper echelon theory, the study uses both positive accounting theory and signaling theory to explain managers’ disclosure decision, where the intuitional logics approach represents the moderating decision-making context. Methodology: The study is based within the positivistic paradigm, following a deductive approach and quantitative methodology. Both the textual and visual diversity content of the annual reports of 30 state-owned enterprises over a 5-year period, is collected and analyzed using the Spearman correlation matrix and multiple regression analysis. The moderating effect of hybridity is tested through hierarchical moderated multiple regression analysis. Findings: The findings of the study provide partial support for the relationship between the gender diversity of the top management team and gender diversity disclosure, suggesting that the influence of management depends on the means of disclosure. No support is found for the claim that hybridity has a positive moderating effect on this relationship. However, incorporating hybridity stills indicates that integrating the institutional context into the upper-echelons model facilitates understanding about the relationship, by establishing conditional boundaries and identifying main effects.

Konceptet Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) och varför företag väljer att arbeta med det debatteras av många, inom akademin såväl som utanför. Dock finns det en oenighet i vad som inkluderas i ett företags arbete med CSR. Denna studie hävdar att nuvarande teorier som används är oförmögna att förklara den komplexa omgivning som företag verkar inom och därmed inte lyckas ge ett bra svar på denna studies syfte, om hur CSR är konstruerat. Studien nyttjar teorin om institutionell logik som verktyg för att kunna utforska företags arbete med CSR i en komplex omgivning och diskursteori för att åskådliggöra innebörden av CSR och dess konstruktion. Trots mycket forskning inom institutionella logiker, skiljer sig denna studie genom sin användning av CSR-rapporter, insamlade från företag i den uppmärksammade klädbranschen, som källor till data.Studien konstaterar att ett klädföretags arbete med CSR utgår från flera parallella, ofta motstridiga, institutionella logiker som formas genom en komplex omgivnings många olika påtryckningar. Studiens resultat beskriver dessutom ett CSR som inkluderar en moralisk ställning där företagen utför filantropiska handlingar, bortom behovet för deras egen verksamhet. Härigenom illustreras en diskursiv konstruktion av CSR som är lika komplex som den omgivningen där företagen verkar, med flera parallella logiker som influerar. Genom svarandet av syftet, gör studien två bidrag till teorin om institutionell logik. I identifieringen av institutionella logiker blir en helt ny institutionell ordning bekräftad. Slutligen, i användningen av CSR-rapporter för analys, uppvisar studien även hur organisationers egna texter kan användas för att identifiera institutionella logiker.Två implikationer kan göras, där den första rör den makt som företagets olika intressenter har i att influera vad CSR innebär och på så sätt också driva påverkan, som betydande komponenter av en omgivning som företagen visar stor följsamhet till. Den andra implikationen berör nödvändigheten i företags beaktande av en CSR-diskurs som inkluderar en moralisk dimension, med ett åtagande som går bortom intresset för den egna verksamheten. / The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and why companies choose to engage in such task is debated by many, both within the academy as well as outside it. There is however a disagreement in what is included in a company’s engagement in CSR activities. This study argues that current theories in use, are unable to explain the complex environment in which companies operate and therefore incapable of providing good answers to this study’s purpose, concerning how CSR is constructed. This study draws on the theory of institutional logics as a tool in exploring a company’s engagement in CSR in a complex environment and discourse theory in visualizing the meaning of CSR as well as its construction. Despite a great amount of research in institutional logics, this study departs from previous research in its exclusive use of CSR-reports, gathered from companies in the remarkable apparel industry, as sources of data.This study concludes that an apparel company´s engagement in CSR activities emanates from several, often contradictive, institutional logics that take form through numerous different pressures in the environment. The result of the study calls for a CSR that includes a moral stance where the companies perform philanthropic deeds, beyond the needs of their own business. Hereby, the study displays a discursive construction of CSR that is equally complex as the environments in which the companies operate, with numerous different yet parallel logics influencing. In answering the purpose, the study makes two contributions to the theory of institutional logics. In identifying the institutional logics, an entirely new institutional order is acknowledged. Lastly, in using CSR-reports in the analysis, this study shows how texts of organisation´s own making can be used in identifying institutional logics.Two implications can be made, the first being the power that different stakeholder of the company has in influencing the meaning of CSR and how they themselves are part of the process. Thus being able to drive change, as important components in an environment to which companies show great compliance. The second implication concerns the necessity in company’s consideration to a discourse of CSR that includes a moral dimension, comprising a commitment that goes beyond a vested interest for the business.

This thesis examines the role of the former national screen agency in Scotland, which was in charge of distributing public funds for screen activity between 1997 and 2010. It examines how external factors such as cultural policy and internal factors such as individual approaches to film funding, affected the agency's perception and remit. The study draws on the institutional logics perspective (Thornton et al., 2012) to frame the interplay of two competing imperatives, one commercial, one creative, affecting the creative industries in Scotland and Scottish Screen's activities more specifically. However, it goes beyond this duality by examining more nuanced factors which significantly affected the organisation's trajectory and remit. Taking into account the predominant logic(s) throughout Scottish Screen's history and focusing on organisational responses during moments of transition or conflict, I use the analytical framework developed by Boltanski and Thévenot in On Justification (2006) to examine criticisms, justifications, and attempts at compromising expressed through official and non-official channels. The thesis outlines how opinions and decisions stemming from disparate views of what is “worthy” affected the agency's activity and funding decisions, as well as the dialogue with its stakeholders. The conclusions extracted from my findings inform existing literature on responses to plurality and challenge some claims made by institutional logic scholars: the first conclusion is that lack of conflict between logics does not necessarily translate into lack organisational conflict, as the latter often derives from different orders of worth which override the commercial-creative logic divide and are incompatible amongst themselves. The second conclusion, related to the first one, is that stability may be enhanced (at least temporarily) in a professional environment dominated by a plurality of logics as long as there is compatibility amongst the orders of worth set forth in pursuit of organisational goals. A third conclusion is related to the examination of some contributions to the orders of worth perspective and the study of plurality and instability in organisational practices, notably Boltanski and Chiapello's (2007) depiction of a seventh world of worth called the ‘projective city' (underpinned by the higher value of activity aimed at creating or maintaining ever-changing networks), and David Stark's (2009) study of plurality and ambiguity management in organisations. My findings suggest that organisational models based on pervasive, horizontal networks capable of transgressing traditional hierarchical structures were never fully deployed in Scottish Screen - traces of these practices are identified, but, overall, actors defended more traditional organisational scripts.

This research seeks to connect the philosophical focus of the agency-structure debate with the practice of management through a comparative study of organisational decision-making in situations involving stakeholder consultation. Set in the context of decision-making following an airport master plan consultation, the study considers how the stakeholder framework can be integrated within institutional theory using institutional logics as a theoretical link between these two literatures. This thesis, which adopts a critical realist perspective, takes a comparative case approach of four airports, each owned in different ways. Interviews with airport managers are supplemented by discussions with stakeholders and industry experts. Two sets of a priori themes were identified from the literature. The first focuses on the institutional logics prevailing in the field and their influence on managers as they make decisions. The second considers four decision-making strategies managers might employ in this situation. Findings centre on the causal powers acting upon airport managers as they make their decisions. Whilst normative isomorphic pressure enables stakeholder consultation, the coercive pressure on the decision-making process deriving from English planning law, the adversarial and oscillating nature of Central Government policy, and a mimetic response to the nature of local authority development plans constrain the actions of airport managers. Indeed, the current bureaucratic form of capitalism limits stakeholder contribution to final master plans. This research makes four main contributions: Firstly, reflecting upon the agency-structure debate from a critical realist perspective has facilitated development of a model integrating the stakeholder framework within institutional theory. Secondly, it improves our understanding of how stakeholder contribution is managed in master planning. Thirdly, the study adds to the growing body of work that employs a critical realist perspective. Lastly, since reconciling conflicting stakeholder opinions may well be of vital importance to the future of the UK’s airport infrastructure, this work has practical significance for airport managers, government policy-makers and stakeholders as they strive to formulate worthwhile airport consultations.

Cette thèse explore l’effet de la coexistence de deux logiques institutionnelles au sein d’une industrie sur le comportement stratégique des entreprises et, en retour, l’impact du comportement stratégique des entreprises sur la persistance (ou non) de deux logiques distinctes. Un cadre théorique est proposé pour expliquer les désavantages dont souffrent lesentreprises qui pénètrent une industrie gouvernée par une logique différente, la manière dont les organisations en place répondent aux demandes de ces entreprises porteuses d’une logique étrangère et enfin les facteurs influençant la formation du capital institutionnel des entreprises. Une analyse empirique des fonds d’investissements, des organisations en charge de la production et des entreprises de production dans l’industrie cinématographique française (1987-2008) vient conforter les prédictions théoriques proposées. Cette thèse contribue à la littérature en management stratégique en dévoilant un ensemble de stratégies à la disposition des entreprises dans une industrie où deux logiques s’affrontent. Elle contribue également à expliquer pourquoi certaines industries résistent à l’inexorable homogénisation prédite par la théorie néo-institutionnelle. En dévoilant les effets positifs et négatifs de la dualité de logiques sur les entreprises, cette étude offre également des enseignements pour la pratique managériale. / This dissertation explores how logic duality, that is the coexistence of two institutional logics in an industry, affects firm strategic behaviors, and how in return firm strategic behaviors contribute (or not) to maintain logics segregated. Theoretically, I investigate the liability firms face when entering industries governed by a different logic, the wayincumbent organizations respond to the conformity demands of logic foreigners, and the determinants of firm-level institutional capital. Empirically, I study investment funds, filmmaking organizations and production firms in the French film industry (1987-2008), and find strong support for the proposed theory. By revealing strategies available to firms in dual-logicsettings and highlighting sources of institutional capital, this study contributes to the strategic management literature. The result is also a contribution to our understanding of why industries resist the “inexorable push towards homogenization” predicted by new institutional theory. By shedding light on the positive and negative effects of logic duality for firms, this work has also implications for practice.

Notre thèse appréhende la manière dont les producteurs du Sud s’approprient le commerce équitable et parviennent à en proposer un nouveau modèle. Elle est une étude de cas : celle d’un label créé au début des années 2000 à l’initiative d’un réseau d’organisations de producteurs latino-américaines du commerce équitable. Mobilisant les cadres d'analyse des logiques et du travail institutionnel, nos résultats montrent qu’une logique sociopolitique est appelée en premier lieu par les producteurs, visant le développement économique au Sud, l’établissement de relations commerciales avant tout locales et fondées sur la confiance, et la possibilité pour les producteurs d’imposer leurs critères de qualité. Celle-ci se heurte très vite à une logique marchande. Liée au recours à un label, cette logique implique standardisation, anonymisation des relations commerciales, et octroie aux acheteurs le pouvoir d’influer sur le contenu des standards. Tout l’enjeu est alors de parvenir à créer un nouveau modèle fondé sur le compromis entre ces logiques. Le travail des acteurs prend alors forme, dans une première période, dans la création d’une multitude de dispositions règlementaires, et dans un second temps, dans des pratiques cognitives et normatives visant à justifier et à promouvoir l’initiative. Des pratiques de résistances sont également observées. Notre thèse contribue à enrichir la théorie néo-institutionnaliste en montrant principalement que la création institutionnelle s’émancipe difficilement des logiques institutionnelles dominantes ; dans notre cas, celle du marché. / Our work aims to understand how Southern producers appropriate fair trade and build a new fair trade model. We study a single case: a fair trade label created in the early 2000s by a Latino American producers’ organizations network committed in fair trade that has a long-standing commitment to fair trade. We build on the institutional logics framework to characterize the macro forces at work in the construction of this new model, and on the institutional work framework to identify the practices implemented by producers and other stakeholders to deal with those logics and configure them. Our results show that producers firstly call for a socio-political logic, which aims an economic development in the South, the establishment of commercial relationships mainly based on trust, and the possibility for producers to impose their quality criteria. However, the use of a label brings producers quickly face market logic. It implies standardization, anonymisation of relationships and gives to the buyers the power to influence the content of the standards. The challenge is to create a new model based on a compromise between both logics. At first, actors create a multitude of regulatory measures and as a second step, cognitive and normative practices aim at justifying and promoting the initiative. Resistance practices are also observed. Our thesis contributes to neo institutionalist theory mainly by showing the difficulty to emancipate from dominant institutional logics – in our case market logic – during institutional creation process.

Rapid technological development and change in modern society is unprecedented in history.Digitalization and automation of business processes is widely seen as a way of streamliningorganisations and changing institutional settings in them. The impact on individuals andorganisations raison d’etre increases as they face stronger institutional pressure from differentstakeholders. As with every thought that comes to mind, the process of translation tries to remedythe gap in individuals and organisations different outlooks. Grounded in theory of institutionallogics and translation, the authors of this paper set out to approach this institutional complexity byinvestigating it through a lens of these theories. We find that the market and corporate logic areinfluencing all of the organisations, but which of the logics that is most likely to be constituteddepends to a high degree on the local translation process. The translation that is produced dependson the institutional environment that is predominant in the organization. For the organization to besuccessful in rapid technological development and change, a thorough understanding of theincremental institutional complexity is paramount. / Snabb teknisk utveckling och förändring i det moderna samhället är oöverträffad i historien.Digitalisering och automatisering av affärsprocesser ses allmänt som ett sätt att effektiviseraorganisationer och ändra den institutionella sammansättningen i dem. Påverkan på individer ochorganisationers existensberättigande ökar när de står inför starkare institutionellt tryck från olikaintressenter. Översättningsprocessen försöker här avhjälpa klyftan i individers och organisationersolika perspektiv som uppstår när nya idéer får fäste. Grundade i teorin om institutionella logikeroch översättning, försöker författarna till denna uppsats att närma sig denna institutionellakomplexitet genom att använda en lins av dessa teorier. Vi finner att marknads- och företagslogikenpåverkar alla organisationer, men vilken logik som sannolikt kommer att få fäste beror i hög gradpå den lokala översättningsprocessen. Översättningen som produceras beror på den institutionellamiljön som dominerar organisationen. För att organisationen ska lyckas med en snabb tekniskutveckling och förändring, är en grundlig förståelse för den inkrementella institutionellakomplexiteten är avgörande.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2018-08-06T14:45:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisângela Marlize Dalpiaz de Azeredo_.pdf: 1506700 bytes, checksum: 0a85bcb1bedded10aaf79f106d4afee8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T14:45:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisângela Marlize Dalpiaz de Azeredo_.pdf: 1506700 bytes, checksum: 0a85bcb1bedded10aaf79f106d4afee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O interesse pelos negócios de impacto social vem crescendo nas últimas décadas, tendo em vista que estes negócios representam uma fonte promissora de geração de valor social, econômico e financeiro. Entretanto, ao aliarem criação de valor social e sustentabilidade financeira, combinam elementos provenientes de lógicas institucionais diferentes, podendo enfrentar desafios inerentes a esta junção. Desta forma, a fim de que estes negócios obtenham êxito, faz-se necessário o desenvolvimento de um ecossistema de suporte robusto. Dentre os atores do ecossistema, destacam-se as aceleradoras, que visam apoiar o crescimento destes negócios, na fase inicial ou de expansão, exercendo, desta forma, um papel importante na construção e desenvolvimento das lógicas institucionais nestes negócios. Por consequência, influenciam a forma pela qual evitam mission drift, fenômeno que consiste no distanciamento do negócio da sua missão social. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo é analisar as estratégias utilizadas pelas aceleradoras para assegurar e monitorar que os negócios de impacto mantenham a lógica híbrida, alcançando o equilíbrio entre a criação de valor social e a sustentabilidade financeira, evitando mission drift. A fim de atingir o objetivo proposto, foi realizado um estudo de caso múltiplo, com quatro aceleradoras, que atuam com negócios de impacto social. Por meio da compreensão do papel que exercem na manutenção da lógica híbrida dos negócios impulsionados por elas, identificaram-se as fontes de mission drift, bem como as estratégias para evitar o fenômeno durante o programa de aceleração, contribuindo, desta forma, com o campo teórico e gerencial. As implicações teóricas do estudo consistem na identificação da influência que as aceleradoras exercem nos negócios de impacto impulsionados por elas, por meio das estratégias utilizadas para assegurar a manutenção da lógica híbrida, contribuindo tanto para o estudo das lógicas institucionais quanto do fenômeno mission drift. No que tange às contribuições gerenciais, fornece um conjunto de estratégias a serem utilizadas pelas aceleradoras, a fim de assegurar e monitorar a manutenção do equilíbrio entre a criação de valor social e a sustentabilidade financeira nos negócios que aceleram. / The interest by the social enterprises has been growing in recent decades, considering that these organizations represent a promising source for generating social, economic and financial value. However, as they ally social value creation and financial sustainability, they combine elements from different institutional logics and may face challenges inherent to this combination. In this way, in order that these organizations achieve success, it is necessary to develop a robust support ecosystem. Among the actors of the ecosystem, the accelerators stand out. They aim to support the growth of social enterprises at an early stage or an expansion stage, exercising, in this way, an important role in the construction and development of institutional logics in these organizations. Consequently, they influence the way in which them avoid mission drift, a phenomenon that consists in the detachment of a business from its social mission. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze the strategies used by the accelerators to ensure and to monitor that the social enterprises maintain the hybrid logic, achieving the balance between the creation of social value and financial sustainability, avoiding mission drift. In order to achieve the proposed objective, it was conducted a multiple case study, with four accelerators, working with social enterprises. The sources of mission drift, as well as the strategies to avoid the phenomenon during the acceleration were identified through the understanding of the role that the accelerators exercise in maintaining the hybrid business logic in the business fueled by them, contributing, in this way, with the theoretical and managerial field. The theoretical implications of the study consist in the identification of the influence that the accelerators exert over the social enterprises boosted by them, through the strategies used to ensure the maintenance of the hybrid logic, contributing to the study of institutional logics as well as to the phenomenon of mission drift. Regarding the managerial contributions, the study provides a set of strategies to be used by the accelerators, in order to ensure and monitor the maintenance of the balance between the creation of social value and the financial sustainability in the business accelerated by them.

Notre recherche propose d’appréhender la « mise en dispositif », au sens de Foucault (1977), de projets de polarisation territoriale dans le champ de l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS). Nous nous appuyons sur une analyse multi-niveaux qui se décline sous la forme d’une enquête qualitative nationale sur l’élaboration du dispositif Pôle Territorial de Coopération Economique (PTCE) et de deux études de cas. Nous mobilisons la grille d’analyse du travail institutionnel pour cerner les pratiques mises en œuvre par les pôles pour s’approprier le dispositif dans un contexte de pluralisme institutionnel. Deux niveaux de résultats sont proposés. Le premier revient à éclairer le phénomène de banalisation du dispositif PTCE, qui est d’abord caractérisé par une logique civique de développement territorial alternatif, qui se voit ensuite remplacée par une logique gestionnaire de normalisation de l’ESS. Le second consiste à caractériser les modalités d’appropriation de ce dispositif à l’échelle méso. Il en ressort que le PTCE qui parvient à survivre et à se développer est celui qui hybride les logiques civique et gestionnaire. Le second PTCE, très façonné par la logique civique, ne parvient pas à pérenniser son activité et suscite un rejet du dispositif, dont il ne partage aucunement l’intention stratégique. Conjuguer une posture critique à une analyse néo-institutionnaliste nous permet de dégager plusieurs apports théoriques. (1) La montée en généralité nous amène à dessiner les contours conceptuels d’un nouveau type de dispositif que nous qualifions de normalisateur. (2) Nous mettons en évidence un nouveau type de pratiques : celles qui ont trait à la résistance institutionnelle. / Our research focuses on the adoption of a dispositive (Foucault, 1977) destinated to territorial polarization projects in the field of social and solidarity economy. We build on a multi-scalar approach which consists in a qualitative national survey of the construction of the Territorial Cluster for Economic Cooperation policy and two case studies of two of these clusters. We build on the institutional work theory to characterize the practices deployed by the two TCECs in order to appropriate the dispositive in a context of institutional pluralism. Two levels of results are proposed. The first one sheds light on the banalisation process of the TCEC dispositive at the national level, which is first dominated by a civic logic of alternative territorial development that is then effaced by a a managerial logic of normalization of SSE. The second level of results consists in characterizing the modalities of appropriation of this dispositive at the meso scale of the two clusters analysed. It appears that the TCEC which manages to survive and develop is the one that hybridizes the civic and managerial logics. The other one, particularly shaped by the civic logic, doesn’t manage to perpetuate its activities and implies a reject of the dispositive, since it doesn’t share its strategic intention. Combining a critical approach and a neo-institutionalist analysis leads to several theoretical contributions. (1) We draw the outlines of a new type of dispositive that we conceptualize as a normalizing dispostive. (2) The analysis of institutional work in a context of institutional pluralism highlights a new type of practices : the ones which deal with institutional resistance.

This research seeks to connect the philosophical focus of the agency-structure debate with the practice of management through a comparative study of organisational decision-making in situations involving stakeholder consultation. Set in the context of decision-making following an airport master plan consultation, the study considers how the stakeholder framework can be integrated within institutional theory using institutional logics as a theoretical link between these two literatures. This thesis, which adopts a critical realist perspective, takes a comparative case approach of four airports, each owned in different ways. Interviews with airport managers are supplemented by discussions with stakeholders and industry experts. Two sets of a priori themes were identified from the literature. The first focuses on the institutional logics prevailing in the field and their influence on managers as they make decisions. The second considers four decision-making strategies managers might employ in this situation. Findings centre on the causal powers acting upon airport managers as they make their decisions. Whilst normative isomorphic pressure enables stakeholder consultation, the coercive pressure on the decision-making process deriving from English planning law, the adversarial and oscillating nature of Central Government policy, and a mimetic response to the nature of local authority development plans constrain the actions of airport managers. Indeed, the current bureaucratic form of capitalism limits stakeholder contribution to final master plans. This research makes four main contributions: Firstly, reflecting upon the agency-structure debate from a critical realist perspective has facilitated development of a model integrating the stakeholder framework within institutional theory. Secondly, it improves our understanding of how stakeholder contribution is managed in master planning. Thirdly, the study adds to the growing body of work that employs a critical realist perspective. Lastly, since reconciling conflicting stakeholder opinions may well be of vital importance to the future of the UK’s airport infrastructure, this work has practical significance for airport managers, government policy-makers and stakeholders as they strive to formulate worthwhile airport consultations.