Cette thèse cherche à mieux comprendre la manière dont les organisations font face à des logiques et attentes institutionnelles potentiellement contradictoires. Pour ce faire, la thèse étudie le cas des Grandes Ecoles de Commerce Françaises (GECF), qui font face depuis le milieu des années 1990 à une mondialisation croissante de l’enseignement supérieur en gestion. En raison de cette mondialisation, les GECF doivent gérer deux types de contraintes : d’une part, répondre aux exigences des organismes d’accréditations et des classements internationaux – qui véhiculent les standards du modèle de la business school (recherche, internationalisation, académisation) – et, d’autre part, préserver leur identité originelle et fondatrice, construite sur un modèle national, et qui constitue encore leur source de légitimité locale. Les problématiques générées par la présence de ces deux logiques institutionnelles dans le champ des GECF, nécessite de la part de ces dernières des arbitrages complexes, et une redéfinition de leur identité. En particulier, la thèse cherche à identifier les mécanismes entrepreneuriaux et identitaires à l’oeuvre dans les réponses des GECF aux pressions institutionnelles différentes et parfois contradictoires. Ecrite sous forme d’articles, la thèse s’intéresse aux origines des GECF et à l’émergence d’une logique institutionnelle propre, à la transformation de leurs pratiques et de leurs identités en réponse aux nouveaux standards internationaux et à l’incidence de ce processus sur les logiques institutionnelles présentes dans leur environnement. / This dissertation explores how organizations cope with multiple and heterogeneous institutions, a situation recently referred to as ‘institutional complexity’. It is based on the study of French Business Schools, known as French Grandes Ecoles de Commerce (FGEC). Up until the mid 1990s, FGEC operated in a familiar and monolithic national institutional environment. Recent years have seen a rise in global standards for management education; a movement that has been particularly salient in Europe with the proliferation of MBAs, the development of accreditation and public ranking systems and the endorsement of the Bologna agreement in 1999, which aimed at developing a harmonized European higher education system. From that point onwards, FGEC have come under pressure to adapt to the growing internationalization of management education and adopt its dominant standards. While trying to redefine themselves as International Business Schools, FGEC continue to value their historical identity, which still forms the basis of their national legitimacy. This dissertation brings together a wide range of qualitative methods (participative observation, semi-structured interviews and documentary evidence), which are particularly suitable for understanding the social dynamics of institutional processes. The architecture of the dissertation goes from the micro to the macro level of analysis and combines three articles that should be considered together. The first article focuses on the case of one FGEC and explores how it attempted to promote an alternative definition of what an MBA program represents, by simultaneously combining the FGEC and the International Business School institutional logics. The second offers a comparative study of how four FGEC have interpreted and experienced the rising institutional complexity in their field, based on their identities. The third article offers a study of the FGEC population. It explores how and why FGEC emerged, established themselves as a particular form of management education, and developed by infusing practices from a competing logic, while remaining true to their traditional core.

La présente thèse étudie comment certaines organisations parviennent à accorder des logiques institutionnelles différentes dans le contexte de partenariats intersectoriels. L’étude utilise des données longitudinales sur trois partenariats entre entreprise à but lucratif et entreprise à but non lucratif. Les partenariats étudiés s’attaquent à trois causes différentes : maladie infantile, éducation, et conditions de travail. Les données proviennent de sources multiples, notamment des entretiens approfondis, des sources telles que les archives organisationnelles, les rapports annuels, des rapports officiels sur des projets, et des contenus de médias sociaux. Le premier article décrit comment les logiques contradictoires d’un partenariat entre entreprise et ONG (organisation non gouvernementale) peuvent être réconciliées. Le deuxième article de cette thèse étudie le résultat de la confrontation des logiques institutionnelles des organisations engagées dans ces partenariats, et identifie deux scénarios : l’hybridation et la coexistence. L’article explore en outre la transformation des ONG d’organisations informelles en organisations plus formelles du fait de leur interaction avec les entreprises. Le troisième article analyse du point de vue théorique la combinaison des logiques institutionnelles au niveau de l’échange entre les partenaires. En prenant en compte 1) la tension entre les logiques institutionnelles, et 2) l’interdépendance résultant des échanges entre les organisations considérées, on aboutit à une typologie et des propositions qui prédisent les résultats de la confrontation. Globalement, cette thèse montre que la dynamique de réconciliation dans les situations de complexité institutionnelle peut être mieux comprise en observant comment les partenaires négocient la portée de leurs échanges dans le partenariat, et comment l’obtention des premiers résultats dans le cadre du partenariat influence les phases ultérieures de la collaboration. Les résultats de la recherche enrichissent la littérature sur les collaborations inter-organisationnelles ainsi que celle sur les logiques institutionnelles parce qu’ils soulignent l’importance de la dépendance des ressources dans l’interprétation de la complexité institutionnelle. / This dissertation investigates how organizations reconcile different institutional logics in the development of cross sector partnerships. It is based on longitudinal data from three cases of partnership between firms and NPOs. These partnerships addressed three distinct sets of social challenges: childhood disease, education and labor force conditions. The data is collected from multiple sources, including in-depth interviews and archival material such as organizational records, annual reports, formal project reports, and social media content. The first essay explains how reconciliation between competing logics of partners can be achieved in a firm-NPO partnership. It focuses on the mechanisms that enable partnership to exist despite different institutional logics of partners. The second essay of this dissertation explores the outcome of competition between the institutional logics of the organizations involved in these partnerships and it identifies different scenarios, namely hybridization and co-existence, as the result of confrontation between different institutional logics of partners. It further explores the transformation of NPOs from informal entities into a more formally organized entity as a result of their interaction with firms. The third essay of this research theorizes the impact of institutional logics at the level of exchange between partners. Taking into account 1) the tension between institutional logics and 2) the interdependence of organizations resulting from their exchanges, it develops a typology and propositions predicting the outcomes of the confrontation. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that the dynamics of reconciliation in situations of institutional complexity can be better understood by examining how partners negotiate the scope of activities in their partnership, and by exploring how the development of valuable outcomes for both parties during the initial stages of the partnership impacts subsequent stages of the collaboration. The research findings contribute to the literatures on inter-organizational collaboration and institution logics by highlighting the role of resource dependence in understanding institutional complexity.

La théorie néo institutionnelle permet de penser les outils de gestion dans la société et dans l'interaction avec les acteurs des organisations. Ce travail montre la complexité des instruments de gestion et les envisage tour à tour comme : des éléments symboliques neutres à l'activité de l'organisation adoptés par souci de légitimité et diffusés par des mécanismes isomorphiques, des objets rhétoriques porteurs de langage et de catégorisations et transformés par les acteurs organisationnels, des artefacts transportant des logiques institutionnelles multiples naissant dans le champ organisationnel. Cette thèse pose l'existence d'un nouveau rôle pour les outils de gestion, celui de régulateur des contradictions entre logiques institutionnelles. Sur le plan empirique, avec une méthodologie qualitative mêlant approches longitudinales multi niveaux et recherche intervention, les logiques institutionnelles du champ de la finance solidaire en France et de deux organisations de capital-risque solidaire sont analysées. Les outils de gestion de ces deux organisations sont étudiés. Les outils créés avec le chercheur, les pactes d'actionnaires et les chartes, véhiculent les logiques institutionnelles des fonds. Le changement des pactes d'actionnaire et les comités d'investissement permettent de révéler que les outils de gestion gèrent les tensions entre logiques institutionnelle en les éliminant, les compartimentant ou les intégrant. Les résultats de cette étude permettent de discuter le degré d'incompatibilité entre les logiques en fonction de leur perméabilité, des métiers représentés dans les organisations et des pratiques considérées. Ils autorisent également une formalisation des liens entre outils de gestion et logiques institutionnelles ainsi qu'entre logiques institutionnelles présentes dans l'organisation et rôle des outils de gestion. Enfin, un process socio technique d'hybridation de logiques institutionnelles est proposé. / Institutional theory describes management artifacts as embedded in the society and in interactions with organizational actors. This work is aiming to grasp the complexity of management apparatus and analyzes it as: first, symbolical element neutral for the organizational activity, adopted for legitimacy and diffused by isomorphic mechanisms; then, rhetorical objects generating languages and categorizations, transformed by actors; finally, as artifacts carrying multiple institutional logics. This thesis postulates that management artifacts can also regulate contradictions between institutional logics. A qualitative methodology combining longitudinal multi-level approaches and research action, is revealing the institutional logics of the organizational field of interdependent finance and of two interdependent venture capital funds. The management apparatus of these funds is studied. New management tools created during the research action, charters and shareholders' agreements are carrying venture organizations' institutional logics. A change in a shareholders' agreement and the management system of the investment decision-making process in a venture fund, named investment committees, divulge that management apparatus handle tensions between institutional logics by eliminating one of them, compartmenting or integrating them. The results of this study acknowledge different degrees in the contradictions between institutional logics related to their permeability, the professions represented in the organization, the practices looked at. They contribute also to formalize links between management artifacts and institutional logics. We lastly propose a model combining two processes that explicate how multiple logics can blend and how tensions can be handled.

Dans un contexte de transformation du travail et d’augmentation de la précarité, cette thèse aide à comprendre comment de nouvelles formes de travail émergent, se développent et parviennent à répondre aux besoins et aspirations sociales en matière de travail. Cette étude s’intéresse plus particulièrement aux dynamiques d’innovation sociale qui s’appuient sur les principes de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Elle repose sur une analyse néo-institutionnaliste, processuelle et multi-niveau des Coopératives d’Activité et d’Emploi, une forme organisationnelle hybride alliant les logiques institutionnelles de l’entrepreneuriat, du salariat et de la coopération. Elle a permis (1) de mieux comprendre les interactions entre l’innovation sociale et son contexte ; (2) de mettre en lumière une nouvelle forme de stratégie agissant sur les logiques institutionnelles pour gérer les tensions inhérentes à la forme organisationnelle hybride ; et (3) d’expliquer comment une organisation hybride peut permettre aux personnes de (re)donner du sens au travail. / In a context of labor transformation and increased work precariousness, this thesis explains how new forms of work emerge, develop and respond to social needs and professional aspirations.The study focuses especially on social innovation based on the principles of the social economy.It uses a new institutionalist, processual, multi-level analysis of the Business and Employment Cooperative, a hybrid organizational form that combines the institutional logics of entrepreneurship, employment and cooperation. It (1) deepens understanding of the interactions between social innovation and its context; (2) highlights a new strategy at institutional logic level that can overcome the tensions inherent in hybrid organizational forms; and (3) explains how hybrid organizations can enable people to (re)find meaning in their work.

The essay aims to show the relation between academic models for performance measurement and legitimisation in non-profit performing arts companies (NPA) and the current evaluation methods used by NPAs in Sweden. The study has been conducted using content analysis with a comparative design and deductive approach. Where the annual reports for The Royal Swedish Opera and The Royal Dramatic Theatre have been compared to their mission statements and each other. These reports were also compared to three chosen academic models to see if they were used and later discussed if the theatres could have use for them. The models selected highlighted different areas for legitimisation. “Third times the charm” highlights the opinions from other professionals. “A new paradigm” highlights the artistic experience for the audience. And “The four dimensions” highlights societal impact and managerial performance. The essay claims that the two institutions evaluate their business differently in their annual reports and would benefit from learning from each other. When it comes to the academic models. They could both use “third times the charm” more since it relates well to their mission, The Opera uses this method already but would benefit from using it more. Both theatres could also account for their societal impact more, which they now only do indirectly. “A new paradigm” is used seldom as a metho for legitimisation. This could be explained by the lack of such an evaluation in the mission for the theatres, the same goes for managerial performance. The essay recommends further research about the discrepancy found in the Kulturdepartementets different goal statements. About change in these institutions after adopting a new leadership structure. Finally, research seeking comments from the NPAs about their potential use of academia. / Uppsatsen ämnar visa relationen mellan akademiska modeller för legitimering och redovisning av konstnärlig verksamhet och den praktik som används idag. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys med komparativ design med en deduktiv ansats. Där Kungliga Operan och Kungliga Dramatiska teaterns årsredovisningar dels jämförts mot sina uppdrag och mot varandra. För att sedan jämföras mot tre utvalda akademiska modeller för att se om dessa används eller om institutionerna skulle kunna ha användning av detta. Modellerna lyfter fram olika aspekter att legitimera sig på. ”Tredje generationens redovisning” lyfter professionellas åsikter som en metod att legitimera verksamheten. ”Konstnärlig upplevelse” lyfter den konstnärliga upplevelsen för publiken och ”Fyra dimensioner” lyfter samhällspåverkan (societal impact) och arbete mot inre effektivitet (managerial performance) som legitimeringsmetoder. Uppsatsen påstår att de två institutionerna redovisar sin verksamhet på olika sätt och skulle kunna dra lärdomar av varandra då deras uppdrag från Regeringen är nästintill identiska. När det kommer till de akademiska modellerna skulle Dramaten ha nytta av att använda ”tredje generationens redovisning” mer i sin redovisning för att hävda sin konstnärliga kvalitet i enlighet med uppdraget, Operan använder denna redovisning idag men skulle kunna använda det mer. Operan och Dramaten skulle kunna hävda sin koppling till samhällsnytta och det civila samhället med en ökad redovisning av samhällspåverkan. Båda institutionerna redovisar verksamhet för samhällspåverkan utan att uttrycka det tydligt. ”Konstnärlig upplevelse” används väldigt lite som legitimeringsmetod. Detta kan förklaras av att de uttryck för redovisning som denna metod hävdar inte efterfrågas i deras regleringsbrev. Detsamma gäller för en inre effektivitet. Uppsatsen rekommenderar till vidare forskning om diskrepans upptäckt mellan Kulturdepartementets olika målformuleringar. Om förändring på dessa institutioner efter ny ledningsstruktur. Samt att ta in röster från kulturlivet angående deras användning av akademiska texter.

As an under-researched form of coordination and control, little is known of how collegiality is practiced, especially in for-profit firms. Our thesis has sought to address this research gap by interviewing professionals from two fields which are recognized as collegial, namely lawyers and architects. Our aim was to depict how for-profit firms coordinate and control using collegiality in relation to the traditional modes of governance of bureaucracy and management. We do this by utilizing the concept of institutional logics which focuses on field-level meaning systems and how actors use these systems of values, beliefs and expectations to make sense of their institutional environment. We could observe a clear coexistence of all three modes of governance. Our respondents indicated an awareness of the different logics and demonstrated an understanding of which governance mode was called for in which situation. This interplay was highly contextual and contingent on each situation's institutional demands and expectations. Collegial values were keenly advocated, yet work tasks that were legalized were also bureaucratized. The coexistence of fundamentally contradictory governance modes did not however appear to meet much internal resistance and seemed to rather function peacefully with wide employee acceptance.

De senare åren har det gått mode i tal om att sätta individen i centrum inom socialtjänsten. Självbestämmande och delaktighet är hörnstenar i Lag om stöd och service till vissa funktionshindrade (1993:387). Men är brukarens behov styrande i praktiken? I uppsatsen studeras LSS-processen utifrån ett slags organisatoriska ideologier, s.k. professionella logiker, och hur de tar sig uttryck i praktiken. Sedan tidigare är det känt att professionella logiker som domineras av hierarkier respektive av klassisk kompetens konkurrerar med varandra. I det teoretiska ramverket deltar även en brukarmandatslogik.I denna etnografiska kvalitativa fallstudie studeras tre kommuner som i huvudsak har en välskött LSS-verksamhet. Huvudaktörer som studeras är biståndshandläggare på beställarenheter och baspersonal på utförarens boenden men också andra aktörer som filtrerar logikerna studeras. Logikernas principer och praktisk applicering av dessa analyseras utifrån kunskapsbas, kontroll, auktoritet och handlingsutrymme samt dokumentation. I analysen har jag kommit fram till att olika logiker visar sig olika starka i processens olika faser. Ett tydligt exempel på nyinstitutionell särkoppling är den formella uppföljningen handläggare ska göra av hur arbetet faktiskt genomförts i den boendes närmiljö. Här ser vi att den röda tråden som är tänkt att gå från beställare via utförare och tillbaka ibland tar en annan väg eller klipps av någonstans på vägen. Den informella samverkan pekar på större dynamik än den formella i samspelet mellan logikerna. / In the last few years, the idea of person-centered care within social services has grown in popularity, seen from a public discourse driven by the National Board of Health and Welfare. Inclusion and empowerment are cornerstones in the Swedish Act concerning Support and Service for Persons with Certain Functional Impairments (LSS). But is the individual’s mandate the ruling principle also in practice? In this essay, the municipal LSS process is studied from the viewpoint of professional logics and how they manifest in practice. Previous research has been carried out in the fields of classical professional logic and the competing organizational professional logic. Together with these, I examine a user-mandate professional logic. By using the qualitative methods of ethnography and case study, I study agents from three municipalities with an overall well-managed care for the target group. Principal agents are care managers and care givers’ staff working close to the residents. These functions are organizationally separated into different units where the manager investigate the individuals’ needs, forward investigations, and decisions to care givers and then review the given social services. Also studied are other agents that have a filtering function of the logics. The principles and practical application of the logics are analyzed from knowledge base, control, authority, discretion, and authority. In the analysis, I have concluded that the occurrence of the different logics varies in strength in the different phases of the process. One distinct example of an organizational decoupling is the formal review where the thought order of the process could be viewed as a “red thread”, running from manager to care giver and back. The empirics show that the read thread takes another route or is cut off somewhere along the route. The informal cooperation, rather than the formal, indicates greater dynamics in the interplay between the logics.

This research paper identifies the disciplinary differences of stakeholders and its effects on working cross-functional in the context of machine learning. This study specifically focused on 1) how stakeholders with disciplinary differences interpret a search system, and 2) how the multi-disciplines should be managed in an organization. This was studied through 12 interviews with stakeholders from design disciplines, product management, data science and machine learning engineering, followed by a focus group with a participant from each of the different disciplines. The findings were analyzed through a thematic analysis and institutional logics and concluded that the different logics had a high impact on the stakeholders’ understanding of the search system. The research also concluded that bridging the gap between the multi-disciplinary stakeholders are of high importance in context of machine learning.

No description available.

The aging of our society is well known, with policy makers and analysts forecasting enormous increases in people living with chronic illness and disabilities (AoA, 2009). Less well known is that services for older adults and younger people with disabilities - historically separated by different funding streams, service systems, and workforces - have increasingly merged (Putnam, 2007). The movement to combine services for older adults and younger persons with disabilities is reflected in the creation of a hybrid organization - Aging and Disability Resource Centers (ADRCs) - designed to combine services for both populations (O'Shaughnessy, 2011; Putnam, 2011). Using ADRCs as the principal organizational strategy to combine aging and disability services has been challenging, primarily because these organizations have different histories and service philosophies (Kane, 2007; Putnam & Stoever, 2007; DeJong, 1979). Independent living centers, who serve people of all ages with disabilities, have a service philosophy that emphasizes `consumer direction', characterized by consumer control, advocacy, and peer models. While the aging service delivery philosophy is based in a medical model of care where care plans are developed by medical providers and services are provided by professionals in order to protect the well-being of older adults (DeJong, 1986; Simon-Rusinowitz & Hofland, 1993). The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the experiences of ADRCs to combine aging and disability services. The study employs institutional logics theory and a mixed-methods design to assess whether a unified organizational philosophy for these services can be identified. In this dissertation, I found that there were competing logics between directors located at aging organizations when compared to directors at Independent Living Centers. These competing logics were also present among their staff in these organizations. As a mechanism to manage the co-existing logics, I found that the joint activity of collaborating in creating a training program to describe overarching service philosophies helped to unify the two organizations. Additionally, I found that the workers located at aging organizations who took the training had increases in their understanding of the professional logic of consumer control, which is dominant in the disability organizations; therefore, this training helped in managing the co-existence of logics.