Historically, teachers’ unions have been some of the major organizational sites of social justice leadership in K-12 education (Kuehn, 2007; M. Murphy, 1990; Urban, 1982), but until the mid 1990s, the term “social justice unionism” (Peterson & Charney, 1999) had little currency in teacher union circles. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine the concept of social justice unionism in context. In particular, I asked how teacher union activists contributed and responded to the institutionalization of social justice in their organization. I used a critical constructionist (Ball, 1987; Berger & Luckmann, 1966; D. E. Smith, 1987) perspective to analyze 25 career history (Goodson, 1994) interviews with teachers, staff and elected officials affiliated with the British Columbia Teachers’ Federation between 1967 and 2007, and found that successive generations of union-involved activists dedicated to labour solidarity, feminism, multiculturalism, anti-colonialism and anti-homophobia used networks of like-minded colleagues to counter bureaucratic norms within their organization, the education system and society. A qualitative depiction of these changes suggests that they were layered, multi-dimensional and uneven. They played out on a contested, uphill gradient shaped, but not determined, by four factors: the organizational prioritization of teacher welfare over social justice; historically persistent micro-political struggles between two federation caucuses; the centralizing tendencies of union leadership in response to the provincial government’s centralization of educational authority; and broader ruling relations in Canadian society. Still, despite this uphill gradient, all activist networks left a durable trace on federation history. The major significance of this finding for critical theorists and social justice activists is a modestly hopeful alternative to the traditional conceptions of change embedded in organizational theory: revolution, evolution or despair.

Mixed regimes are often viewed as inherently less stable and more war prone than fully democratic or autocratic systems due to their low levels of institutionalization. I ask, are certain mixed regimes more or less war prone than other mixed regimes, based on the strength and orientation (more democratic or autocratic) of their political institutions? At ends with previous research, my findings suggest that institutionalization levels play little, if any role in the onset of interstate war.

This thesis researches the development process of financial certificate in Taiwanese banking. In recent years, financial certificate is an important phenomenon in the workplace of finances. Previous studies focused on the impact of the certification, discuss the formation of financial certificate less. In this article, the view of institutional change regards the banking certificate institution as long duration to consider state, the different period of capital and other actor that have different mechanisms of their interactions in institutional formation process. The research method of this thesis adopt analysis of historical documents and interview to understand the formation of financial certification. Study found that the development of the banking certificate can be divided into three stages: the first stage is incubation. Financial employees in the era of state-owned banking had quasi-public servant status, and rely on the apprenticeship training skills through examinations. In the financial liberalization policy, the new banks joined the market so that employee turnover was high; with college increasing rapidly, in the past through internal training structure had become break down. At the same time, the state proposed the Asia Pacific Financial Center from the traditional conservative financial policy to active, established Taiwan Academy of Banking & Finance (TABF) to handle related business of financial certificate, and created the precedent of certification. The second stage is after that establishment of financial holding companies. The finances boundaries are broken. The banking business is more and more complexity. Securities certificate institution having long been customary in securities industry is further stable. The number of banking certificate increased sharply in this stage. The third stage is Institutionalization. TABF develop new certificate continuously, make kinds of banking business certificated, but employees tend to lukewarm response, examinees turned down sharply. At this time, certification is an institutionalization action to pursuit of legitimacy, rather than respond to real needs. This article affirms the view of new institutionalism, and point out the initial of institutional formation indeed response to new financial development. However, at a later stage the action of institutionalization is only for pursuing legitimacy.

As the business environment become more uncertain, many organizations look for ways to gain competitive advantage. Outsourcing has thus become one of the effective ways for them to become flexible and more high-performance organizations through outside experts partner to raise employee¡¦s performance to the level necessary for achieving business goals. The purpose of this research is to study the issue of training outsourcing, to forecast the factors that affect the decision to outsourcing and to examine how partnership, knowledge sharing, institutional and human resource management issues are involved in training outsourcing. In addition, this research also shows interests in the role and competence of human resource development. Using a samples form the member which was published by CPC in 2001. We test a set of hypotheses among the variables. The results show that small and medium growing companies have higher training needs in the human resource area. Additionally, using logistic regression we shows that firm size, capital intensity and foreign business are the most significant impact factors for the decision of training outsourcing. Furthermore, the impact of outsourcing decision in the future is then examined. Results indicated that time pressure, the roles of program designers and marketer, and the competencies of understanding related law, diagnose organization needs skills, control skill, communicate skill and plan to implement project skill are key predictor of outsourcing decision. Finally, the result of the regression analyses shows that partnership, knowledge sharing and institutionalization have significantly direct effect on outsourcing performance. Human resource management plays a significant and negotiation role to moderate the relationship with institutionalization and knowledge sharing and this relationship influences firm¡¦s performance.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Sociology, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Why do social movement organizations change? This study attempts to answer this question by observing forty diverse social movement organizations (from both random and convenience samples) active across a wide spectrum of social movements in Seattle, Washington between 1999 and 2005. It focuses on changing organizational strategies&mdash;measured as combinations of issues, tactics, and targets&mdash;during a dramatic period of expanding and contracting political opportunities (e.g., anti-WTO protests, election of G. W. Bush, September 11<super>th</super> attack, Afghanistan and Iraq wars). The analysis, based on interviews with representatives from the organizations, charts organizational adaptation and stability at both the field and organization levels. A series of maps of the social movement field, generated using correspondence analysis, depict the relative similarity and difference between these organizations and their issues, tactics, and targets during each year of the study. The maps reveal a surprisingly stable social movement field characterized by three distinct types of organizations (as indicated by their combinations of issues, tactics, and targets) that persist throughout the period. Significant growth in the size of the peace movement in the middle of the period has remarkably little effect on the overall shape of the field. This stability is further confirmed at the organizational level. Neither resource mobilization nor political opportunity theories anticipate such a high degree of organizational stability, and their explanations for adaptation find little support in these data. Consistent with the resource mobilization perspective, SMOs with broader goals are more likely change than their counterparts. However, contrary to this view, younger organizations with greater resources and centralized, bureaucratic structures are less likely to change. Expanding political opportunities do not appear to influence these SMOs, while contracting opportunities in the wake of Bush's election and the September 11<super>th</super> attack seem to encourage high levels of organizational stability. The study concludes with a discussion of organizational theories of structural inertia and institutionalization, both of which offer plausible explanations of organizational stability.

Institutionalization of curricular or pedagogical innovation or reform occurs at three different levels in an organization, the regulative institutionalization which occurs as compliance by expediency, normative institutionalization which occurs as compliance by moral or legal appropriateness and cognitive institutionalization which occurs as compliance by conceptual correctness. The cognitive level is most the desirable because at that level the values and norms of the organization are manifested in the beliefs and behaviors of individuals in the organization.This research study examined the patterns of institutionalization of integration of faith and learning as a curricular and pedagogical model among faculty members at a private Christian liberal arts university in Nigeria, West Africa. Five patterns of integration of faith and learning emerged from the study compared to eight patterns of institutionalization that emerged in a similar study of four religious research universities in the United States by the team of Ream, Beaty and Lyon (2004). The findings suggest that the level of institutionalization manifested and perceivable in the Nigerian study is at the regulative institutionalization level due to the fact that the beliefs and the behaviors of the faculty members are non-congruent to the expected beliefs and behaviors compatible with the institutionalization of the integration of faith and learning curricular and pedagogical model. Even though the 'fear of God' emerged as one of the dominant themes articulated by some of the faculty members in the study, four other emergent themes articulated the need to find a balance between religious integration and academic excellence. The findings suggest Seventh-day Adventists faculty members struggle between the need to subscribe to the fear of God as a measure for integration and the need to maintain a separation between faith and learning for objectivity in the academy. Being a Seventh-day Adventist male lecturer over the lecturer II rank was found to be a dominant factor in the institutionalization of the integration of faith and learning curricular model at a regulative level at the institution in the study.

Šiuo darbu buvo siekiama įvertinti manipuliavimo žmogaus gyvybe moderniojoje medicinoje situaciją, išaiškinti to priežastis, išanalizuoti įvairius aspektus, ieškoti jų sąryšių sąryšių. Šio tikslo buvo siekiama analizuojant literatūrą. Modernioji medicina – sudėtingas valstybės, naujausių technologijų, mokslo, komercijos, teisės interesų susidūrimo ir veiklos sfera, todėl čia nuolat randasi naujos etinės problemos, kurių sėkmingas sprendimas reikalauja susikalbėjimo ir visų suinteresuotųjų grupių veiksmų suderinimo. Manipuliavimas žmogaus gyvybe moderniojoje medicinoje – institucionalizavimo, racionalizavimo, komercializavimo, technologizavimo rezultatas, dėl to moderniosios medicinos situaciją galima būtų įvertinti, kaip krizę Manipuliavimas žmogaus gyvybe tampa įmanomas, kai gydymo procese technologijos, instituciniai ir komerciniai interesai tampa tikslu, o ne priemone. Medicinos technologizavimas išplėtė medicinos veiklos sferą, medicina tapo atsakinga ne tik už žmogaus gydymą, bet ir už visuomenės problemų sprendimą. Jungiantis technologijoms ir komercijai, manipuliavimas įgavo dar platesnį mąstą. Technologijų ir komercijos sąjunga mediciną pavertė žmogaus įgeidžių tenkinimo priemone. Tai po truputį keičia ir gali iš esmės pakeisti tradicinę visuomenės struktūrą, žmonių tarpusavio santykius, moralę, žmogaus prigimtį. Sustabdyti manipuliavimą žmogaus gyvybe, grąžinti visuminį žmogaus suvokimą medicinoje galima per dialogą ieškant... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The purpose of this work is to evaluate the situation of manipulation with the human life in modern medicine, to find out the reasons, to analyze various aspects, to look for their connections. In pursuance of this objective the literature was analyzed. Modern medicine - complex sphere of the collision of state, ultimate technologies, science, commerce, law interests and activities, so new ethic problems arise therein permanently. The successful solution of these problems requires reciprocal understanding and coordination of the actions of all interested groups. Manipulation with the human life in modern medicine is the result of institutionalization, rationalization, commercialization and technological approach, therefore the situation of modern medicine could be evaluated as a crisis. Manipulation with the human life becomes possible when technologies, institutional and commercial interests become the objective of the treatment process rather than the instrument. Technological approach in medicine had expanded the sphere of medical activity; the medicine became liable not only for the treatment of the man, but for the solution of the society problems as well. In the process of cooperation of the technologies and commerce, the manipulation had taken even wider dimension. Due to the conjunction of technologies and commerce the medicine became the instrument for meeting of the human’s fancies. It little by little changes and can change... [to full text]

This thesis has aimed to study steering process and institutionalization in the context of educational policy work. This has been conducted by using empirical material from the political decision-making process that preceded the implementation of a new national program on how principals should be educated and certified. By using an aggregated theoretical point of view containing new institutionalism and traditional Swedish curriculum theory, the process was analyzed from different perspectives. The results depict a process that contained several actors who tried to shape the principal education program differently. From the theoretical perspectives, the decision-making process could be understood as an act of both self-interest as well as trust in their own beliefs and cultural values. The result also tells us how an institutional environment is created and what that implies for actors who are parts of that environment.