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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
211

Étude de l'influence des caractéristiques des isolateurs sur leurs performances électriques dans des conditions de givrage /

Chaarani, Rabah, January 2003 (has links)
Thèse (D.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003. / Bibliogr.: f. [145]-152. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
212

Experimental study and mathematical modeling of flashover of EHV insulators covered with ice /

Farzaneh-Dehkordi, Jalil, January 2003 (has links)
Thèse (M.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme extensionné a l'Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 97-104. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
213

Étude expérimentale du contournement des isolateurs recouverts de glace sous tensions de foudre et de manoeuvre /

Guerrero Olivera, Tatiana, January 2004 (has links)
Thèse (M.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, programme extensionné à l'Université du Québec à Rimouski, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. 147-150. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
214

Dynamic modeling of AC arc development on ice surfaces = Modélisation dynamique du développement de l'arc électrique à la surface de la glace en courant alternatif /

Tavakoli Zaniani, Changiz, January 2004 (has links)
Thèse (D.Eng.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. [183]-197. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
215

Extração de atributos de fáculas de imagens ultravioletas de isoladores poliméricos.

BRITO, Kal-El Basílio. 17 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-17T14:10:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 KAL-EL BASÍLIO BRITO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEE) 2017.pdf: 3481089 bytes, checksum: 8584b99da594f1f67c9b3daa41e27564 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T14:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KAL-EL BASÍLIO BRITO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEE) 2017.pdf: 3481089 bytes, checksum: 8584b99da594f1f67c9b3daa41e27564 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / Capes / Em inspeção, com câmara sensível à radiação ultravioleta, são fornecidas apenas informações acerca do local onde estão concentradas as descargas corona e uma estimativa de intensidade dessas decargas em equipamento de alta tensão. Nesse intuito, uma metodologia de extração de atributos das fáculas de imagens ultravioletas de isoladores poliméricos de 230 kV foi desenvolvida. Para isso, foram usados vídeos captados pela câmera de detecção ultravioleta como material. Essas informações, quando adequadamente dispostas, podem servir de entrada a um sistema de auxílio à tomada de decisão que poderá classificar, finalmente, os isoladores em padrões predefinidos. Na metodologia do trabalho, desenvolveram-se várias rotinas de processamento digital de imagens para, inicialmente, adequar as imagens e, posteriormente, quantificar os atributos de interesse extraídos. As rotinas de adequação de imagens buscam segmentar o shape do isolador do plano de fundo, segmentar em uma imagem as fáculas, que representam descargas causadas pelo efeito corona, integralizar as fáculas de vários quadros em apenas uma imagem, eliminar o que vier a ser considerado ruído e segmentar o shape do isolador em partes de interesse. As rotinas de quantificação de atributos são destinadas a calcular a área, o perímetro, o fator de forma e a persistência das fáculas, além de sua distância às partes de interesse do isolador polimérico de 230 kV. Como resultado do desenvolvimento das rotinas, é apresentado um algoritmo para extração de atributos de fáculas. Finalmente, é feita uma análise de sensibilidade dos parâmetros usados no algoritmo no intuito de delimitar suas condições de uso. Dois estudos da aplicação do algoritmo foram realizados, em que, para cada um deles foram processados 64 combinações de número de quadros e de limite de ruído. Foram apresentadas as superfícies dos atributos de área, perímetro, fator de forma e persistência das fáculas em função dos dois parâmetros citados. A fim de determinar qual par ordenado (número de quadros, limite de ruído) seria adequado, adotou-se como métrica buscar o menor valor de gradiente das superfícies dos atributos. Concluiu-se que a metodologia de extração de atributos de fáculas de imagens ultravioletas de isoladores, para aprimoramento da classificação de isoladores foi desenvolvida com sucesso e a contribuição do trabalho se apresenta na metodologia para extração de atributos e na determinação do número de quadros e limite de ruído adequados para vídeos ultravioletas. / On inspection with ultraviolet sensitive camera, it is only supplied information on where the corona discharges are concentrated and an estimative of intensity of these discharges in high voltage equipment. For this purpose, it was developed a methodology of faculae attribute extraction of ultraviolet images from 230 kV polymeric insulators. In order to do this, videos captured by the ultraviolet detection camera were used as work material. The methodology of the work consists of the development of several digital image processing routines, initially, to adapt images and, later, to quantify the attributes of interest extracted. The image adaptation routines seek to segment the shape of the insulator from the background, to segment in an image the faculae that represent discharges caused by corona effect, to integrate faculae from multiple frames in only one image, to eliminate what is to be considered noise and to segment the shape of the insulator into parts of interest. The attribute quantification routines are destined for faculae area, perimeter, form factor and persistence, in addition to their distances of the 230 kV polymeric insulator parts of interest. As a result of the development of these routines an algorithm for attribute extraction is presented. Finally, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters used in the algorithm is made, with the intention to delimit its use conditions. Two case studies of the application of the algorithm were performed, for each of them 64 combinations of number of frames and noise limit were processed. Presenting the surfaces of area, perimeter, shape factor and persistence of the faculae attributes in function of the two cited parameters. In order to determine which number of frames and noise limit would be suitable, it was adopted as metric to look for the lowest gradient value of the attributes surfaces. In conclusion the methodology for extracting attributes from the UV image faculae of insulators to improve the classification of insulators was successfully developed and the contribution of the work is presented in extracting attributes and determining suitable number of frames and noise limits for UV videos.
216

Simulação computacional da poluição biológica em isoladores de vidro.

DIAS, Bruno Albuquerque. 24 April 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-04-24T16:40:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO ALBUQUERQUE DIAS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEE) 2017.pdf: 3277136 bytes, checksum: 1277dbc3bda9c5d90497f95d8bf94878 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-24T16:40:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRUNO ALBUQUERQUE DIAS – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGEE) 2017.pdf: 3277136 bytes, checksum: 1277dbc3bda9c5d90497f95d8bf94878 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-17 / CNPq / O acúmulo de poluentes na superfície dos isoladores, que compõem as linhas de transmissão, permite a formação de uma camada de substâncias que, sob incidência de névoa, chuva ou orvalho, produzem soluções condutoras. Na região norte do Brasil, muitos casos de poluição biológica são caracterizados como limo, associação de microalgas e fungos, a resistência dielétrica da superfície do isolador, nestes casos, é reduzida, causando falhas no sistema elétrico. Para investigar o efeito dessa poluição sobre os isoladores, o presente trabalho apresenta um modelo computacional que relaciona o aspecto visual do limo no isolador (intensidade, forma e local) com a sua corrente de fuga obtida por simulação e correlaciona eficiência da simulação com experimentos em laboratório. Os objetos de teste utilizados foram isoladores de disco de vidro, limpos e poluídos com limo. Os isoladores contaminados foram retirados da subestação de Guamá, Pará, Brasil e os experimentos realizados no Laboratório de Alta Tensão da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, na Paraíba. As simulações computacionais utilizam o Método dos Elementos Finitos e, assim como as medições laboratoriais, foram realizadas para diferentes condições de umidade, uma vez que essa variável tem influência significativa na condutividade do limo. A simulação se mostrou eficiente e os resultados apresentados mostram que é possível estimar a corrente de fuga desse tipo de isolador sob diferentes condições de umidade e diferentes níveis de poluição. / The accumulation of pollutants on surface of insulators allows the formation of a layer of substances that, with mist, rain or dew, produces conductive solutions. The surface dielectric strength, in these cases, is reduced, causing failures in electrical system. In the northern region of Brazil, many cases of biological pollution are characterized as slimes, association of microalgae and fungi. To investigate the effect of this pollution on the insulators, the present work presents a computational model that relates the visual aspect of slime in the insulator (intensity, shape and location) with its leakage current obtained by simulation and correlates efficiency of the simulation with laboratory experiments. Test objects used were glass disk insulators, cleaned and polluted with slime. The contaminated insulators were removed from the Guamá Substation, Pará, Brazil and the tests performed at the High Voltage Laboratory of Federal University of Campina Grande in Paraíba, Brazil. Computational simulations using Finite Element Method and, as well as the laboratory measurements, were performed for different humidity conditions since this variable has a significant influence on slime conductivity. The simulation proved to be efficient and the presented results show that it is possible to estimate leakage current of this type of insulator under different humidity conditions and different levels of pollution.
217

Propagação de excitações de carga e spin em isolantes topológicos 2D / Propagation of charge and spin excitations on topological insulators

Marcos Henrique Lima de Medeiros 21 September 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho, nossa principal motivação foi o entendimento da dinâmica de pacotes de onda em isolantes topológicos 2D. Como excitações de carga se movem nesses materiais? De que maneira essas trajetórias dependem das condições iniciais, e de que forma as condições de contorno influenciam nessa dinâmica? Essas foram algumas das perguntas que guiaram nosso trabalho. Através de simulações computacionais, estudamos o movimento de pacotes de onda gaussianos em poços quânticos de HgTe/CdTe. O comportamento de isolante topológico para essa heteroestrutura foi prevista teoricamente no importante trabalho de Bernevig et al. (Science, vol. 314, no. 5806, 2006) e confirmada experimentalmente por König et al. (Science, vol. 318, no. 5851, 2007). Estudando-se a evolução temporal desse sistema, foi possível observar trajetórias que dependem de forma evidente, não apenas da orientação de spin, mas também da orientação de um pseudo-spin proveniente do modelo BHZ. Em sistemas com condições de contorno periódicas em ambas as dimensões e sem a aplicação de campos externos, foram observadas trajetórias com formato de espiral, acompanhadas por um \"side-jump\" dependente da direção do spin e do pseudo-spin. Em especial, para o caso em que o pseudo-spin está inicialmente orientado na direção-z, as trajetórias espiraladas foram subtituidas por um padrão do tipo \"zitterbewegung\" dependente de um potencial de \"bias\". Para sistemas confinados com bordas impenetráveis, observou-se a formação de estados de borda helicais característicos de isolantes topológicos. / In this work, our main motivation was the understanding about the dynamics of wave packets in 2D topological insulators. How charge excitations move throughout theses materials? In what way their trajectories depend on the initial conditions, and how boundary conditions change this dynamics? These were some of the questions that have guided us in our work. Using numerical simulations, we have studied the movement of gaussian wave packets in HgTe/CdTe quantum wells. The topological insulator behavior for this heterostructure was theoretically predicted on the important work conducted in 2006 by Bernevig et al. (Science, vol. 314, n. 5806, 2006), and experimentally confirmed by König et al. (Science, vol. 318, no. 5851, 2007) a year later. Studing the time evolution of this system, was possible to observe trajectories that depend evidently, not only from the spin projection, but also from the pseudospin orientation coming from the BHZ model. From simulations with periodic boundary conditions in both of the two dimensions, and without the application of any external fields, we observed spiral trajectories accompanied by a spin and pseudospin dependent side-jump. Especially, for the case in which the pseudospin was iniatially oriented in \"z\" direction, the spiral trajectories were replaced by a pattern of the type \"zitterbewegung\" dependent of a bias potential. For the confined systems with barriers of hardwall type, was observed the formation of helical edge states, that is the fingerprint of topological insulators.
218

Propriedades físicas de sistemas com interações competitivas / Physical properties of systems with competing interactions

Fernandes, Rafael Monteiro 06 June 2008 (has links)
Orientadores: Harry Westfahl Junior, Amir Ordacgi Caldeira / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T23:02:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fernandes_RafaelMonteiro_D.pdf: 6829160 bytes, checksum: 4dfae2ffd4b06c5c3c1f89f399700913 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Um dos objetivos centrais das Ciências Naturais é relacionar as estruturas dos mais diversos sistemas com as funções particulares que os caracterizam. Por exemplo, no que se refere a materiais, sejam eles sintéticos ou biológicos, a ciência está constantemente buscando a predição de diferentes propriedades macroscópicas a partir do conhecimento das suas estruturas mi- croscópicas. Nesta tese, investigamos as propriedades magnéticas e de transporte de sistemas que apresentam interações competitivas em diferentes escalas de comprimento. Como resultado desta competição, surge um estado termodinâmico caracterizado por um parâmetro de ordem modulado, dando origem a uma série de con.gurações espacialmente inomogêneas. A termo- dinâmica destes estados modulados pode ser descrita pelo chamado modelo de Brazovskii, que prevê uma transição de primeira ordem, induzida pelas .utuações do parâmetro de ordem, entre a fase homogênea e a fase modulada. Há uma vasta gama de sistemas encontrados na Natureza que parecem se encaixar nesta descrição de Brazovskii, compreendendo estruturas tão díspares quanto cristais líquidos e condensados de píons em estrelas de nêutrons. No presente trabalho, investigamos dois sistemas físicos particulares. Motivados pela rica variedade de domínios obser- vados experimentalmente em filmes finos magnéticos, estudamos as propriedades magnéticas de blocos ferromagnéticos dipolares com dimensões finitas e condições de contorno não-periódicas. Desenvolvendo uma modelagem baseada na solução da Hamiltoniana de Brazovskii, pudemos explicar, de maneira inédita e consistente, a estrutura de domínios magnéticos dos filmes finos de MnAs:GaAs, um promissor candidato a aplicações no campo da spintrônica. Além disso, estabelecemos uma relação clara entre o fenômeno de reorientação magnética e a mudança na forma das curvas de histerese observada nesses filmes. O segundo tipo de sistemas que in- vestigamos foram os isolantes de Mott, cujas propriedades de transporte foram determinadas a partir do modelo de redes de resistores correlacionados. Considerando que a transição de Mott térmica pertence à classe de universalidade de Ising, mostramos que a condutividade macroscópica depende não apenas da magnetização, mas também da densidade de energia, dando origem a um comportamento de crossover. Através destes resultados, lançamos luz sobre a aparente e misteriosa incoerência entre as previsões teóricas e as medidas experimentais recentes envolvendo isolantes de Mott não-dopados. Prosseguindo para as fases inomogêneas dos isolantes de Mott dopados, estudamos a condutividade macroscópica das mesofases eletrônicas com ordenamento de carga esmético e nemático, as quais são encontradas nos niquelatos e nos cupratos, respectivamente. Inspirados nos conceitos da Física dos cristais líquidos, expressamos de forma bastante intuitiva a relação entre as propriedades de transporte e a termodinâmica das mesofases eletrônicas anisotrópicas, descrita pelo modelo de Brazovskii / Abstract: Natural Sciences is to relate the structures of systems to example, in what concerns materials, either synthetic or for the prediction of different macroscopic properties from the knowledge of their microscopic structure. In this thesis, we investigate the magnetic and transport properties of systems with competing interactions in distinct length scales. As a result of such a competition, there is a thermodynamic state characterized by a modulated order parameter, originating a set of spatially inhomogeneous con½gurations. The thermodynamics of these modulated states can be described by the so-called Brazovskii model, which predicts a fluctuation induced first order transition from the homogeneous phase to the modulated phase. There is a large diversity of systems for which the Brazovskii description seems suitable, including utterly disparate structures such as liquid crystals and pion condensates in neutron stars. In the present work, we investigate two particular physical systems. Motivated by the rich variety of domains experimentally observed in magnetic thin films, we study the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic dipolar slabs with finite dimensions and non-periodic boundary conditions. After developing a model based on the solution of the Brazovskii Hamiltonian, we were able to explain, in a consistent and novel way, the magnetic domain structures of MnAs:GaAs thin films, which are promising candidates for spintronics devices. Moreover, we established a clear connection between the film's magnetic reorientation and the experimentally observed change in the hysterisis loops shape. The second class of systems we investigated were the Mott insulators, whose transport properties were determined from the correlated resistor network model. After considering that the finite temperature Mott transition belongs to the Ising universality class, we showed that the macroscopic conductivity depends not only on the magnetization, but also on the energy density, giving rise to crossover behaviour. Using these results, we shed light upon the apparent and mysterious inconsistency between the theoretical predictions and the experimental measurements regarding undoped Mott insulators. Proceeding to the inhomogeneous phases of doped Mott insulators, we studied the macroscopic conductivity of electronic mesophases with smectic and nematic charge ordering, which are found in the nickelates an in the cuprates, respectively. Inspired by the concepts from the Physics of liquid crystals, we expressed in an intuitive way the connection between the transport properties and the thermodynamics of anisotropic electronic mesophases described by the Brazovskii model / Doutorado / Física da Matéria Condensada / Doutor em Ciências
219

A rough set approach to bushings fault detection

Mpanza, Lindokuhle Justice 06 June 2012 (has links)
M. Ing. / Fault detection tools have gained popularity in recent years due to the increasing need for reliable and predictable equipments. Transformer bushings account for the majority of transformer faults. Hence, to uphold the integrity of the power transmission and dis- tribution system, a tool to detect and identify faults in their developing stage is necessary in transformer bushings. Among the numerous tools for bushings monitoring, dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is the most commonly used. The advances in DGA and data storage capabilities have resulted in large amount of data and ultimately, the data analysis crisis. Consequent to that, computational intelligence methods have advanced to deal with this data analysis problem and help in the decision-making process. Numerous computational intelligence approaches have been proposed for bushing fault detection. Most of these approaches focus on the accuracy of prediction and not much research has been allocated to investigate the interpretability of the decisions derived from these systems. This work proposes a rough set theory (RST) model for bushing fault detection based on DGA data analyzed using the IEEEc57.104 and the IEC 60599 standards. RST is a rule-based technique suitable for analyzing vague, uncertain and imprecise data. RST extracts rules from the data to model the system. These rules are used for prediction and interpreting the decision process. The lesser the number of rules, the easier it is to interpret the model. The performance of the RST is dependent on the discretization technique employed. An equal frequency bin (EFB), Boolean reasoning (BR) and entropy partition (EP) are used to develop an RST model. The model trained using EFB data performs better than the models trained using BR and EP. The accuracy achieved is 96.4%, 96.0% and 91.3% for EFB, BR and EP respectively. This work also pro poses an ant colony optimization (ACO) for discretization. A model created using ACO discretized achieved an accuracy of 96.1%, which is compatible with the three methods above. When considering the overall performance, the ACO is a better discretization tool since it produces an accurate model with the least number of rules. The rough set tool proposed in this work is benchmarked against a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. Results prove that RST modeling for bushing is equally as capable as the MLP and better than RBF. The RST, MLP and RBF are used in an ensemble of classifiers. The ensemble performs better than the standalone models.
220

A Study of Electrical Transport and 1 / f Noise in Topological Insulators

Bhattacharyya, Semonti January 2016 (has links) (PDF)
The recent discoveries of topological insulators (TI) has opened a new realm for study¬ing topological systems and exploring the exotic properties they offer. The in-built topological protection against direct backscattering and absence of localization makes two-dimensional (2D) surface states of bismuth chalcogenide-based strong TI a promising platform for studying interesting phenomena in condensed matter physics like dissipation-less transport, quantum anomalous hall effect, topological magnetoelectric effect, majo¬rana fermions etc. and also makes this system very suitable for applications in the fields of electronics and spintronics. However, realization of these novel states can be difficult because of scattering of surface states from different types of disorders (intrinsic or ex¬trinsic) or the presence of parallel channels in the bulk of the sample which can dominate over surface transport. The main goal of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of TI as an electronic element and look into elastic and inelastic scattering processes and kinetics of these scatterers. In most part of this work we concentrate on the magnitude and origin of low-frequency flicker noise or the 1/f-noise, a key performance marker in electronics, to characterize the electrical transport in TI. In this work we have studied 1/f-noise in both mechanically exfoliated TI-flakes and epitaxially grown TI films by varying chemical potential and temperature. Our study of exfoliated TI-flakes with a wide range of thickness (10 nm to 80 μm) suggests that whereas at thinner (<100 nm) samples and at low temperature (<70 K), the electrical transport happens entirely at the surface, resistance fluctuations in the surface states are mainly caused by potential fluctuations caused by generation-recombination processes in the bulk of TI. Study of 1/f-noise in MBE-grown magnetically doped TI reveals signature of hopping transport through localized bulk mid gap states. These states can either be Cr-impurity band or disorder-induced mobility edge states of bulk valence band. Our study of quantum transport in exfoliated TI-devices indicate presence of a de-coherence mechanism which saturates phase-coherence length and temperature below T< 3 K and results from a unique scattering mechanism caused by localized magnetic moments in these systems

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