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The first part of the dissertation examines the effects of rate regulation, compulsory insurance laws, the wealth of individuals, premiums, and claim costs on insurance affordability and insurance purchase as measured by the ratio of uninsured and underinsured motorist claims frequencies to property damage liability claim frequencies in the US personal auto insurance industry. Because regulations which are intended to let high-risk drivers purchase insurance may discourage low-risk drivers from purchasing insurance, the effect of the regulations should be examined from the perspective of both high-risk and low-risk drivers. Literature using only uninsured motorist claim data finds that the effect of rate regulation, compulsory insurance laws, and residual market is significant on insurance affordability from the perspective of high-risk drivers. However, this study using both uninsured and underinsured motorist claim data demonstrates that the effect is weaker or not significant in increasing insurance purchase in general. The second part of the dissertation tests the sustainability of the Korean reverse mortgage program, reflecting the house price indices in different regions. Literature generally uses aggregate house price indices and consequently underestimates the risks that result from more volatile individual house prices than averaged house prices. This paper predicts house price indices by region and finds that the Korean reverse mortgage program would have losses at 25th percentile or 30th percentile, in contrast to the results of the simulation using the nationwide house price index, which show that the Korean reverse mortgage program is sustainable at 95% confidence level. This paper also concludes that longevity risk is not a big concern in the reverse mortgage program as long as interest rates are low and house prices are high. However, longevity risk inflates the effect of high interest rates and low house prices on the reverse mortgage program. / Business Administration/Risk Management and Insurance

Cette thèse se propose d’étudier l’existence de freins au développement du marché privé de l’assurance dépendance en France. Nous étudions ici tour à tour trois candidats dans l’explication de ce faible développement : les préférences individuelles, les comportements d’auto-assurance et la myopie des agents. Pour cela, nous exploitons les enquêtes « Préférences et Patrimoine vis-à-vis du risque et du temps » et « Santé et protection sociale » qui ont toutes deux introduit des modules spécifiques dépendance dans les vagues d’enquêtes mobilisées dans cette thèse. Nos analyses économétriques confirment le rôle d’obstacle de ces trois déterminants de la demande d’assurance dépendance. Si l’existence d’une mauvaise perception du risque dépendance plaide pour l’intervention de l’Etat dans la relation des français à la planification de leurs pertes d’autonomie, le rôle des préférences individuelles et les comportements d’auto-assurance mis en évidence dans cette thèse révèle un choix économiquement rationnel de ne pas recourir à une assurance dépendance. / This thesis aims at better understanding long-term care insurance puzzle. Three determinants of the long-term care insurance market low development are studied here: individual preferences, self-insurance and myopia. To do so, we use two surveys that have introduced dependency-specific modules: “Preferences and patrimony against time and risk” and “Health Care and Insurance”. The results highlight the role of these three determinants of long-term care insurance demand in the low development of the market. If myopia advocate for a government intervention in French citizens long-term care planning, the impact of individual preference and self-insurance behaviors suggest that the nonpurchase of long-term care policies is economically rational.

本研究主要探討我國企業對產品責任保險需求之原因，分別以四個構面來分析企業對產品責任保險的需求。包括企業經營動機、公司背景資料、產品安全風險管理與上市公司財務特性等四方面來探討企業的投保動機。本研究以我國上市公司為樣本，共計發放440份問卷，並以回收的90份問卷進行Logistic迴歸及複迴歸之實證分析。 研究結果發現，企業交易對象(買方)的要求、產品風險理財因素和產品市場行銷因素為影響上市公司投保產品責任保險之決定因素，呈顯著正向關係。另外，當上市公司過去曾發生過產品損害事件時，對產品責任保險之需求愈高；而且當公司的產品銷售本國地區、美加地區或同時銷售國內外地區時，對產品責任保險需求愈高。至於產品安全風險管理與產品責任保險需求之間的關係，實證結果顯示二者為互補關係，此與Ehrilich and Becker(1972)的理論假設一致。除此之外，本研究發現當公司規模愈大、產品銷售量愈大、負債對業主權益比率愈高以及公司無長期負債時，其對於產品責任保險的需求愈高。此外，當上市公司的財務危機成本愈高以及所面臨的損失頻率與幅度愈大時，其對於產品責任保險需求愈高。 / This paper investigates the corporate demand for product liability insurance in Taiwan. The motivations to purchase product liability insurance can be categorized into four groups, business operation incentive, features of the firm, product safety management, and financial management. The decision of insurance is analyzed based on the logistic model and multivariate regression models with a sample of 90 publicly traded companies in Taiwan. The empirical results of this study indicate that customers’ requests, product risk financing, and product marketing are the determinants for companies to buy product liability insurance. Further, the companies with previous experience of product liability losses have higher product liability insurance demand. Those companies selling their products to North America and Taiwan will purchase more product liability insurance. Moreover, the empirical evidences suggest significantly positive correlation between product safety management and product liability insurance demand, which is consistent with Ehrilich and Becker (1972) that market insurance and self-protection are complements. The results also show that the firm will purchase more product liability insurance when it has larger firm size, greater product sales, higher debt to equity ratio, and no long term debt.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-18T19:26:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VivileineMariaPeresDissertacao2018.pdf: 1101492 bytes, checksum: 5a711d1f9b1eb7fee0e640596c9e496d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2018-06-18T19:27:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VivileineMariaPeresDissertacao2018.pdf: 1101492 bytes, checksum: 5a711d1f9b1eb7fee0e640596c9e496d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-18T19:27:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VivileineMariaPeresDissertacao2018.pdf: 1101492 bytes, checksum: 5a711d1f9b1eb7fee0e640596c9e496d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / This work analyzes two issues in the insurance market in Brazil. In the period from 2001 to 2016, we analyzed monthly premium data of all companies in the housing and automobile sectors to find the market structure for each year. Afterwards, we estimate the automobile insurance demand of the federative states with respect to the value of the premium using semiannual data from 2002 to 2010 in each of the 27 federative units of Brazil. The study concludes, in the first part concludes that there exists concentration in the housing insurance sector and for car insurance, the concentration is low, so that most ahhevart structure is the perfect competition. Furthermore, it also indicates the sensitivity of the demand for insurance with respect to the premium paid.. The approach is illustrated using data from a Brazilian insurance company. / O presente trabalho realiza dois estudos referentes ao mercado segurador no Brasil. Primeiramenmte, no período de 2001 a 2016, analisou-se dados mensais de prêmio em reais de todas as empresas nos ramos de habitação e de automóvel para analisar a estrutura de mercado para cada ano. Depois, foi estimada a demanda por seguros de automóvel das unidades federativas em relação ao valor do prêmio por meio de dados semestrais de 2002 a 2010 em cada uma das 27 unidades federativas do Brasil. O estudo conclui, na primeira parte, em relação à estrutura de mercado, que existe concentração de mercado no setor de habitação, quanto para automóvel, existe a não concentração de mercado. Ainda, indica como a variação do prêmio afeta a demanda por seguro de automóvel na segunda parte.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de mener une réflexion sur les systèmes de couverture des risques de catastrophes naturelles en accordant une place particulière à la perception que les agents économiques ont des caractéristiques de ces risques. Il s’agit d’une part de mieux comprendre les déterminants des systèmes de couverture existant dans le monde et des comportements individuels, et d’autre part de comparer les différentes formes d’intervention publique face à ces risques. Nos travaux, essentiellement empiriques, s’appuient sur des données statistiques issues d’organismes internationaux et de centres de recherche sur les risques, mais aussi sur des données comportementales issue d’une expérience contrôlée. La typologie des systèmes d’assurance contre le risque d’inondation dans le monde que nous élaborons montre que le système public est globalement dominant et surtout appliqué dans les pays à faible revenu et à forte exposition au risque, le système mixte public/privé étant principalement appliqué dans des pays riches et relativement peu exposés. Concernant la demande d’assurance, ladisponibilité à payer pour s’assurer contre les risques naturels est significativement plus faible que celle pour les autres risques et ce, indépendamment des probabilités et des montants de perte. En comparant différents systèmes d’intervention publique, nous montrons que la mesure la plus efficace semble être une subvention de la prime d’assurance, mais qui peut être très coûteuse si la population est majoritairement composée d’individus présentant de forts biais dans la perception des risques. / The objective of this thesis is to better understand the determinants of natural catastrophe insurance systems in the world, as well as of individual behavior towards these risks. We also compare the efficiency of different public intervention forms in catastrophe risk management. Our data come from international organizations, research centers and one controlled experiment. From the typology of countries in terms of flood insurance that we elaborate it appears that the publicly provided flood insurance system is globally dominant and mainly applied in low-income countries with high risk exposure. Mixed public / private system are mainly applied in rich countries with low risk exposure. Concerning insurance demand, the willingness to pay for insurance is significantly lower for catastrophe risks than for other, standard risks, regardless of probability and amount of loss. Comparing different public intervention systems, we show that the most efficient measure is insurance premium subsidy but its costs can be very high for individual whose risk perception is biased.

本研究以整體性的方式來分析目前國內在董監事及重要職員責任保險的市場發展情況。分別就目前的環境與法令制度、董監事及重要職員責任保險之供給情形、以及董監事及重要職員責任保險之需求等三方面，做進一步的分析探討。透過整合性的分析可以瞭解國內企業對於董監事及重要職員責任保險的真正需求，同時將分析的結果提供作為參考的依據。 本文首先歸納摘要環境與法令制度，其次針對董監事及重要職員責任保險之供給面進行實際訪談；而在董監事及重要職員責任保險需求方面，則建立三項實證分析模型。模型一是以購買D&O保險之保險金額為依變數與自變數之間的關係;模型二是以購買D&O保險之保險費為依變數與自變數之間的關係，來探討董監事及重要職員責任保險之需求情形。模型三是以D&O保險之保險費除以保險金額，即保險費率為依變數與自變數間的關係。自變數方面則分成三大類，分別為公司特色、代理問題、以及財務結構等三項進行迴歸分析。 結果顯示國內D&O保險需求的最主要影響因素為股東總數與內部董事持股數兩項顯著變數。在保險費率釐訂方面，影響費率的主要因素為資本額(Capital)與董監事報酬(D&O payments)兩項變數。透過實證分析結果可知董監事及重要職員責任保險除了供給與需求兩方面外，也必須有環境因素與法令規定等因素的考量，彼此間環環相扣下，才能詳盡地瞭解國內董監事及重要職員責任保險。