A evolução da sociedade no último século trouxe consigo uma mudança de paradigma na gestão organizacional, percebida pelos próprios pesquisadores de avaliação de empresas: o valor de uma companhia não está sendo corretamente representado em seu Patrimônio Líquido, uma vez que uma parcela significativa de seus ativos é constituída de itens intangíveis não gerados de uma base transacional histórica. Esta dissertação buscou, portanto apresentar o interelacionamento entre ativos intangíveis e economia industrial dentro de um contexto de mudanças organizacionais percebidas nos últimos anos. / The evolution of society in the last century has brought a change in the paradigm of organizational management, which is perceived by company evaluation researchers: the real value of a company is not being truly represented by its Equity Capital, since a significant deal of its assets involves intangible items that do not come from a historical transactional basis. This dissertation has tried, therefore, to present the relationship between intangible assets and industrial economy in the context of the organizational changes seen in the last few years.

A literatura acadêmica para o setor das Organizações Sem Fins Lucrativos (OSFL) tem-se caracterizado pela disseminação de métodos de mensuração de desempenho provenientes do setor privado. Trata-se de métodos controversos, limitados e apresentam soluções que muitas vezes não guardam relação com a realidade dessas organizações. A inadequação dos procedimentos contábeis tradicionais na mensuração de valores intangíveis, que caracterizam o valor das ações sociais, levou a um distanciamento da contabilidade financeira e à busca de formas de cálculo alternativas. Por meio do uso de referências substitutas para a obtenção do valor criado e sem pretender obter um padrão de medida único e definitivo, pois o âmbito dos valores sociais é altamente mutável, foi possível ordenar dados ocultos que demonstraram a relevância do voluntariado e o valor ampliado alcançado no cumprimento da missão. Esta tese estudou três organizações, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer GRAACC, a Fundação Nacional da Qualidade FNQ e a Fundação ABRINQ Programa Adotei um Sorriso, que possuem em comum o uso da mão de obra voluntária sob distintas formas, identificando o valor criado pelo uso de dois modelos. O método da Demonstração do Valor Adicionado Expandido (DVAE), que explicita a distância entre os resultados meramente financeiros e os resultados financeiros acrescidos do valor do emprego da mão de obra voluntária, do valor de seu crescimento intelectual e do valor identificado pela missão. Esse modelo distribui o valor gerado aos stakeholders, com base em suas contribuições à viabilidade da OSFL, reconhecendo de forma objetiva qual seu peso no valor total criado. O método do Retorno sobre o Investimento Social (SROI) adota como output os valores da contribuição da mão de obra voluntária responsável pelo sucesso, o valor para a sociedade da missão cumprida e para o crescimento e satisfação dos voluntários, calculados por meio de proxies. Os valores obtidos das demonstrações financeiras e do trabalho voluntário constituem os inputs. Esta solução busca reduzir os efeitos dos erros importados com a adoção de valores de programas oficiais, como recomendado pelos teóricos e que guardam pouca relação com a realidade da OSFL. O trabalho demonstra a importância do valor criado pelo voluntariado, que pode atingir entre 34% e 98% de acréscimo em relação aos valores apresentados pela contabilidade financeira, elevando-se esse índice para 42% e 98% quando é considerada a contribuição do sucesso na missão, permitindo concluir que ocorre uma absoluta inadequação nas informações para uso dos diferentes stakeholders. / The literature for the Non Profit Sector has been characterized by the dissemination of performance measurement methodologies originated from the for profit sector. These methods are controversial, limited and present solutions that many times do not keep relation with the reality of those organizations. The traditional accounting procedures in the measurement of intangible values are considered insufficient to explain the value added by social actions, leading to reduce the practical use of the financial accounting information and to search for alternative forms of calculation. Through the use of substitute references (proxies) for the calculation of the value added and without intending to get a standard and definitive measure, due to the existing volatility in social values, it was possible to arrange hidden data that are capable to explain the relevance of the voluntary workers. This thesis studied three organizations, Grupo de Apoio ao Adolescente e à Criança com Câncer GRAACC, Fundação Nacional da Qualidade FNQ and Fundação ABRINQ Programa Adotei um Sorriso, that in common possess the use of the voluntary work under distinct forms, identifying their value creation through the use of two models: the Expanded Value Added Model (DVAE) that presents the value difference that goes between the financial results and the financial results increased by the value of the voluntary work added to the value of its intellectual growth. This model also distributes the value generated to the stakeholders, on the basis of its contributions to the viability of the OSFL and identifying its importance in the total value created; the Social Return on Investment model (SROI) considers as output the contribution values of voluntary work, success of the mission accomplishiments, voluntary growth and its satisfaction calculated through proxies;the values from the financial statements and the contribution values of voluntary work, are considered as inputs. Instead of adopting values of official programs as output, this solution tends to reduce the effect of imported errors of those programs because they tend to have a closer relation with the reality of the OSFL. This thesis presents the relevance of the value added by the voluntary work that can represent an increase in value of as much 34% to 98% over the financial accounting figures and up to 42% to 98% when the mission accomplishments values are added in, confirming its inadequacy for the stakeholders managerial usage

Les marques constituent le point de départ de ce travail de recherche. L’intérêt de cet actif immatériel pour les entreprises et les investisseurs m’a conduit à mener cette thèse dont la problématique consiste à s’interroger sur le principe de comprendre si l’information financière communiquée aux investisseurs dans les rapports annuels permet d’appréhender la valeur des marques. Le constat empirique réside dans la difficulté pour les investisseurs d’obtenir une mesure de la valeur des marques. Nous, nous sommes interrogés dans ce cadre, sur le niveau d’information dispensé dans les rapports annuels et si cette information est suffisante et pertinente pour la bonne appréhension de la valeur des marques. Nous avons mené une étude mixte et dans le cadre d’une approche méthodologique basée sur une revue de littérature, une étude de cas exploratoire et une recherche empirique confirmatoire complétée par une étude qualitative permettant de rapprocher nos résultats. Nos résultats mettent en évidence l’insuffisance de la communication sur l’objet de notre recherche et nous permettent de faire une proposition d’amélioration des modalités de cette communication financière. Les limites de cette étude permettent d’envisager de nouveaux axes de recherche. / Trademarks are the starting point of this study. The value of this intangible asset for companies and investors led me to conduct this thesis, which problematic is to question whether the financial information provided to investors in the annual reports enables them to estimate brand’s value. Our empirical observation begins with the difficulty for investors to obtain a right measure of the brand’s value. We started this study by determining the amount of information available in annual reports and whether this information is sufficient and relevant for a proper understanding of the brand’svalue. We combined, for our study, and in regards to our methodological approach based on a literature review, an exploratory case study and a confirmatory empirical research completed by a qualitative study, to draw closer to our results. Our results highlight the lack of communication related to our research and enable us to make a proposal to improve the terms of this financial information. We also brought the limits of the study out, which ones can represent areas of interest for further research.

The goals of this diploma thesis are to characterize the current stadium of disclosure information about player contracts in football based on the IFRS standards and describe possible policy improvements for accounting standards. Theoretical part focus on an analysis of chosen IFRS standards, especially IAS 38 and UEFA regulations. Practical part of the thesis present a research of player contracts in the hands of particular football clubs with an emphasis on the method of acquisition.

This master thesis deals with specifics of valuation, recognition and reporting of intangible assets that were acquired as a business combination under IFRS. This thesis is also devoted to specifics of intangible assets which indicate importance and difficulty of its standardization in accounting. The aim of the master thesis is to combine valuation and accounting standards for intangible assets with emphasis on acquisition process. Practical part is here to show how definitely companies valuate, measure and recognize intangible assets acquired in a business combination.

This work deals with accounting treatment of tangible and intangible assets in International financial reporting standards (IFRS). It illustrates main problems and various methods when accounting for assets. Where deemed appropriate it indicates the accounting treatment of US GAAP. First chapter is concerned with general description of accounting harmonization and the Framework of IFRS. Second chapter deals with IAS 16 -- Property, plant and equipment. Third chapter identifies main differences between IAS 16 and IAS 38 -- Intangible assets focusing on issues related to the special nature of intangible assets. Fourth chapter works with annual reports and comes out with a statistic of IFRS methods and procedures adherence.

The thesis focuses on financial reporting under IFRS in comparison with US GAAP. It defines a software company and characterizes the business segment as very dynamic, rich in business combinations. The thesis describes methods of financial reporting of intangible assets, research and development and external sources for obtaining software. In-house created software is rarely capitalized that cause undervaluation of assets. In particular assets from business combination are reported. The thesis describes software revenue recognition according to current IFRS/US GAAP and the new revenue standard. It compares chosen aspects of reporting in segments: B2C, B2B, social networks, information security and search engines. In the conclusion, the thesis evaluates current situation in described segments regarding relevance of the standard to monetization models and intangible assets of software companies and it provides possible outlines in the future.

This thesis focuses on business combinations according to IFRS and Czech accounting regulations. According to IFRS, Purchase Price Allocation (PPA) is a vital tool in acquisition reporting and therefore this paper mainly focuses on it. The theoretical part serves as a solid based for the empirical part, highlighting the main differences within the examined accounting types. The empirical part primarily focuses on setting the purchase price containing a contingent consideration, newly identified intangible assets and contingent liabilities reporting, and also net asset's fair value valuation to the acquisition date. The results show a major difference and drawbacks in using the Czech accounting regulations when solving business combinations.

The thesis deals with the theme of controlling of development costs in the company Škoda Auto. The work is divided into two main parts. The beginning of this work is focused on theoretical determination of definition of controlling, basic structure, reporting, then issue of cost management and activation of intangible assets is defined. The practical part of the thesis describes the company Škoda Auto and the location of controlling department inside the company. At the end of the work there are analysis of the development cost, conditions for activating and proposal for optimizing methodology to activate the development cost.

The diploma thesis focuses in the theoretical part on a determination and comparasion presentation of intangible assets acording to two world accounting systems – International Accounting Financial Standards and US Generally Acepted Accounting Principles and Czech Accounting Legislation. Specifies the basic theoretical elements of intangible assets. The analytical part of thesis focuses in the impacts and their effect on the entity.