國內政府為發展國內知識經濟產業，協助企業增加融資管道，屬於無形資產之融資制度，即將實施。無衡量即無管理，企業無形資產價值的評估，在融資、管理及投資決策上，就益顯重要。本研究參考Gu and Lev (2001)之無形資產評估方法，以國內電子資訊業與化學產業為研究對象，探討（1）考量無形資產之企業綜合價值是否比帳面價值更能解釋股價的變動；（2）智慧資本密集產業的市價綜合價值比是否與未來股價報酬成負相關；及（3）綜合價值是否能由衡量企業人力、創新及關係構面之指標加以解釋。 實證結果發現不論是資訊電子業或化學業，在加入帳面淨值後，無形資產對股價仍具有增額解釋能力。此結果意謂，對知識資本密集產業而言，除了帳面價值外，無形資產亦具有價值攸關性。此外，本研究發現，市價綜合價值比對於後期股價報酬確實具有顯著的預測能力，顯示市價綜合價值比具有資訊內涵，可協助投資人之投資決策或金融機構之授信決策。實證結果亦顯示，未來二期之股價報酬與市價綜合價值比之負相關較未來一期股價報酬與市價綜合價值比之關係更顯著。最後，對資訊電子業而言，衡量創新資本之當年度研發費用率和新專利權數，以及衡量人力資本的每人營收及員工紅利保留盈餘比為知識資本之價值決定因素；而對化學業而言，當年度研發費用率與員工紅利保留盈餘比與企業綜合價值呈顯著正相關。 / Taiwan government sets forth policies in order to assist companies in the knowledge industries obtain financial resources from the market on the basis of their intangibles. As there is no proper management measures could be exercised when there is no measurement to intangibles, the importance of valuation of intangibles surges with respect to financing, operating and investing decision making. Based on the approach developed by Gu and Lev (2001) and sample firms from chemical and information and electronics industries, this thesis explores issues: (1) whether the comprehensive value has incremental explanatory power in addition to book value of equity; (2) if there is a negative association between future stock return and the ratio of market value to comprehensive value for firms studied; and finally (3) if the variation in comprehensive value can be explain by value drivers that contribute to human, innovation and customer capitals. The empirical findings indicate that for firms both in the information and electronics and chemical industries, the comprehensive value contributes additionally to book value of equity in the return-value relation. This implies that information of the comprehensive value is value-relevant. The results also evidence that the ratio of stock market price to comprehensive value is significantly and negatively related to stock return for the future period. Moreover, such association is found to be stronger for two-period ahead stock return than that of one-period. The predictive ability of market-to-comprehensive value ratio indicates that the provision of the ratio could be helpful for investments decision making. Finally, this thesis finds that, for the information and electronics industry, variables such as R&D intensity, number of new patent, revenue per employee and stock bonus-to-retain earnings ratio determine the comprehensive value of the firm. With respect to the chemical industry, variables such as R&D intensity and stock bonus-to-retain earnings ratio explain the variation in comprehensive value of the sample firm.

Titel: Sambandet mellan en goodwillnedskrivning och framtida ekonomiska utfall Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Anna Gullholm och Malin Karlsson Handledare: Fredrik Hartwig Datum: Juni - 2019  Syfte: Syftet med studien är att identifiera om en nedskrivning av goodwill enligt IAS 36 har effekter på framtida utfall såsom kassaflöde, resultat och utdelning i svenska företag noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm och NGM. Metod: Denna kvantitativa studie tillämpar en hypotetisk-deduktiv forskningsansats och har ett positivistiskt synsätt som vetenskaplig utgångspunkt. Den data studien baseras på samlas in från databasen Thomson Reuters Eikon och bearbetas sedan i SPSS där korrelations- samt regressionsanalyser genomförs. Utifrån dessa analyser besvaras studiens syfte. Resultat och slutsats: Studien finner inte några statistiskt signifikanta resultat som ger belägg för att en nedskrivning av goodwill leder till ett lägre framtida kassaflöde eller en lägre framtida utdelning. Däremot visar studiens resultat att en goodwillnedskrivning påverkar företags resultat negativt året efter nedskrivningen. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien ger ett teoretiskt bidrag genom att belysa att det föreligger samband mellan en nedskrivning av goodwill och framtida ekonomiska utfall. Resultaten avseende kassaflöde och utdelning skiljer sig från tidigare forskning medan studien kan bekräfta tidigare forskningsresultat som finner att en nedskrivning av goodwill har en negativ påverkan på företags resultat. Vidare ger studien ett praktiskt bidrag då resultaten kan vara användbara för investerare och analytiker. / Title: The relationship between a goodwill impairment and future financial outcomes Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Anna Gullholm and Malin Karlsson Supervisor: Fredrik Hartwig Date: June - 2019 Aim: The purpose of the study is to identify whether an impairment of goodwill according to IAS 36 has effects on future outcomes such as cash flow, earnings and dividends in Swedish companies listed on Nasdaq Stockholm and NGM. Method: This quantitative study applies a hypothetical-deductive research approach and has a positivistic approach as a scientific starting point. The data this study is based on is gathered from the database Thomson Reuters Eikon and is then processed in SPSS where correlation and regression analyses are performed. Based on these analyses, the purpose of the study is answered. Result and conclusions: The study does not find any statistically significant results that provide evidence that an impairment of goodwill leads to a lower future cash flow or a lower future dividend. On the other hand, the results from the study show that a goodwill impairment affects companies' earnings negatively the year after the impairment. Contribution of the thesis: The study gives a theoretical contribution by illustrating that there is a correlation between an impairment of goodwill and future financial outcomes. The results relating to cash flow and dividends differ from previous research while the study can confirm previous research results that finds that an impairment of goodwill has a negative impact on companies' earnings. Furthermore, the study provides a practical contribution, as the results can be useful for investors and analysts.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation. Ett delsyfte är att undersöka om det finns någon skillnad i andelen intellektuellt kapital hos företag i kunskapsbaserade branscher jämfört med företag i icke kunskapsbaserade branscher. Metod: Detta är en kvantitativ studie på företag som är börsnoterade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Studien genomförs på totalt 307 företag, efter bortfall. Datan samlas in från företagens årsredovisningar från 2017 med hjälp av Thomson Reuters Datastream. I studien utförs en korrelationsanalys, multipel regressionsanalys och ett oberoende t-test. Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att det finns ett svagt positivt samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation som är icke signifikant och därför kan bero på slumpen. Resultatet visar också att företag i icke kunskapsbaserade branscher besitter en större andel intellektuellt kapital än företag i kunskapsbaserade branscher. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studiens bidrag är att det finns ett svagt positivt samband mellan intellektuellt kapital och finansiell prestation som dock inte är signifikant. Vidare är bidraget att företag i icke kunskapsbaserade branscher besitter mer intellektuellt kapital än företag i kunskapsbaserade branscher. Förslag till vidare forskning: Vårt förslag till vidare forskning är att använda en annan indelning av kunskapsbaserade och icke kunskapsbaserade branscher. Med tanke på svårigheterna att mäta intellektuellt kapital kan också ett annat mått på intellektuellt kapital användas i vidare forskning. / Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate whether there is a relation between intellectual capital and corporate performance or not. Another aim of the study is to investigate if there is any difference in the portion of intellectual capital between companies belonging to knowledge based industries and companies belonging to non knowledge based industries. Method: This is a quantitative study on companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm. Data from 307 companies were used in this study, and the data were collected from the companies annual reports from 2017 using Thomson Reuters Datastream. This study applies a correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and an independent t-test. Result and conclusion: The study shows a weak positive relationship between intellectual capital and corporate performance which is not significant which means it could depend on coincidences. The result also shows that companies in non knowledge based industries possess more intellectual capital than companies in knowledge based industries. Suggestions for further research: Our suggestion for further research is to use a different classification of knowledge based and non knowledge based industries. Due to the difficulties of measuring intellectual capital a different measure of intellectual capital can be used in further research. Contribution of the thesis: The contribution of the study is that there is a weak positive relation between intellectual capital and corporate performance which is not significant. Furthermore, companies in non knowledge based industries possess more intellectual capital than companies in knowledge based industries.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-06-07T13:19:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Martins Pires_.pdf: 1163427 bytes, checksum: 4521fbda836fd40517b07ea640abc55a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-07T13:19:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vanessa Martins Pires_.pdf: 1163427 bytes, checksum: 4521fbda836fd40517b07ea640abc55a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / Nenhuma / A administração estratégica fundamentalmente visa compreender os fatores explicativos para a heterogeneidade no desempenho organizacional. As abordagens teóricas em administração estratégica buscam atender a tal fim, considerando fatores externos às organizações, como o posicionamento estratégico e as características da indústria e fatores internos, como os recursos, as capacidades e as competências. Entendendo que grande parte do desempenho organizacional tem sido explicado por fatores internos, utilizou-se a Visão Baseada nos Recursos (VBR) como abordagem teórica nesta pesquisa. A VBR pressupõe que a posse de recursos estratégicos proporciona um desempenho superior. Os recursos organizacionais podem ser tangíveis ou intangíveis, sendo que a segunda tipologia tem sido reconhecida como direcionadora do desempenho organizacional, configurando-se como objeto desta pesquisa. A literatura que explora a relação entre os recursos intangíveis e o desempenho organizacional apresenta limitações, as quais suscitam alguns avanços, dentre eles: a) analisar os recursos intangíveis em conjunto; b) considerar mais de uma organização como unidade de análise; c) contemplar dados longitudinais; d) utilizar uma abordagem multidisciplinar; e e) explorar como os recursos intangíveis geram valor. Nessa perspectiva, este estudo tencionou contribuir para a superação de algumas limitações, identificando como os investimentos em recursos intangíveis influenciam no desempenho de dezenove (19) instituições financeiras de capital aberto estabelecidas no Brasil. Para tanto, a taxonomia para os ativos intangíveis desenvolvida por Kayo (2002) e Kayo et al. (2006) foi utilizada como subsídio teórico na identificação dos investimentos em recursos intangíveis, evidenciados em relatórios gerenciais, em demonstrações financeiras e em notas explicativas, trimestralmente, no período entre 2008 e 2015. Baseando-se em informações de mercado e em dados contábeis sobre o desempenho das instituições financeiras, estimaram-se regressões lineares múltiplas e uma regressão logística via Generalized Linear Model (GLM). Os resultados indicaram que, dentre os investimentos contemplados na pesquisa, os investimentos em Recursos Intangíveis Humanos (RH) são aqueles que mais influenciam no desempenho das instituições financeiras contempladas na amostra. Esta pesquisa apresenta algumas contribuições para o campo de pesquisa em administração estratégica, são elas: a) a utilização dos investimentos em recursos intangíveis como proxies do valor dos recursos intangíveis e de dados contábeis e de mercado sobre o desempenho organizacional; b) o questionamento sobre a viabilidade em operacionalizar o pressuposto teórico da ambiguidade causal na análise do desempenho dos recursos intangíveis; c) a operacionalização dos recursos intangíveis a partir do modelo teórico adotado, o que compreende a categorização dos recursos intangíveis e a importância de cada uma das categorias (humanos, de inovação, estrutural e de relacionamento), considerando a área de atuação das organizações e as core competencies requeridas em cada mercado. / Strategic management fundamentally aims to understand the explanatory factors for heterogeneity in relation to organizational performance. The theoretical approaches in strategic management seek to meet this goal, considering external factors to organizations, such as strategic position and characteristics of the industry and internal factors such as resources, capabilities and competencies. Whereas that a great deal of organizational performance has been explained by internal factors, the Resource-based View (RBV) was used as a theoretical approach in this research. RBV assumes that having strategic resources provides superior performance. Organizational resources may be either tangible or intangible, and the latter typology has been recognized as a driver of organizational performance, thus being the object of this research. The literature that explores the relationship between intangible resources and organizational performance is limited, which raise some advances, such as: a) analyze intangible resources as a whole; b) consider more than one organization as a unit of analysis; c) contemplate longitudinal data; d) use a multidisciplinary approach and e) explore how intangible resources generate value. In view of this, the study intended to contribute to the overcoming of some limitations, identifying how the investments in intangible resources influence the performance of nineteen (19) publicly traded financial institutions established in Brazil. Therefore, the taxonomy for intangible assets developed by Kayo (2002) and Kayo et al. (2006) was used as a theoretical basis in the identification of investments in intangible resources, evidenced in management reports, financial statements and explanatory notes, quarterly, from 2008 to 2015. Based on market information and in accounting data regarding the performance of financial institutions, multiple linear regressions and a logistic regression were measured by using the Generalized Linear Model (GLM). The results indicated that, among the investments considered in the research, investments in human intangible resources are the greatest influence in the performance of the financial institutions studied. This research presents some contributions to the field of strategic management research, which are: a) the use of investments in intangible resources as proxies of the value of intangible resources and of accounting and market data regarding organizational performance; b) inquiries about the feasibility in operationalizing the theoretical presupposition of causal ambiguity in the analysis of the performance of intangible resources; c) the operationalization of intangible resources based on the theoretical model adopted, which includes the categorization of intangible resources and the importance of each of the categories (human, innovation, structure and relationship), considering the area of performance of organizations and the core competences required in each market.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Luiz Ferreira.pdf: 1145381 bytes, checksum: e4bcdc31ce0956ead41597f18bc0016c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-21 / Due to deep transformation in the society, economy and politics provided from new technology and globalization, the knowledge has been the most important resource in building value. Since then, the organizations started to have as a dominant factor in building economic result, the intellectual capital. Therefore, the managers need new methodology which can measure and manage intangible resources. The object of this research is the private equity and venture capital industry (PE/VC) in Brazil, that has invested in innovative companies based in the intensive use of the knowledge, thus, it should be relevant to have mechanism to measure and manage the intellectual capital. The main purpose of the research is to verify the practice and the adopted initiative to measure, manage and exposure the intellectual capital in PE/VC industry, under the institutional investor and fund managers‟ view and to compare with the theoretical reference. The research is of an exploratory kind and the data collection was done through a questionnaire which was answered by twenty PE/VC fund manager and seven institutional investors. Through the research, the importance of the intellectual capital measurement has been proved, as well as, its exposure. Nevertheless, although the importance of measurement has been recognized, very few people have practiced it. They claim that the investors market and regulators do not really require it added to a lack of a standard method usually accepted. It is the accountancy duty to develop or refine a suitable method that can be used by all companies. Regarding the exposure of the intellectual capital, the main reasons shown to not to expose is the lack of information to be exposed and the understanding that the secret is important for this sort of information / Em razão das profundas transformações na sociedade, na economia e na política, provenientes de novas tecnologias e da globalização, o conhecimento foi elevado a recurso principal na criação de valor. A partir de então, as organizações passaram a ter como fator preponderante na geração de resultado econômico o capital intelectual. Com isso, os gestores precisam de novos métodos que possam mensurar e gerenciar os recursos intangíveis. Assim sendo, neste trabalho, objetiva-se a discutir acerca da indústria de Private Equity e Venture Capital (PE/VC) no Brasil, que tem investido em empresas inovadoras baseadas no uso intensivo de conhecimento e, portanto, seria relevante ter mecanismos para a mensuração e gerenciamento do capital intelectual. O principal objetivo da pesquisa é verificar a prática e as iniciativas adotadas para a mensuração, gestão e divulgação do Capital Intelectual na indústria de PE/VC, sob a ótica de investidores institucionais e gestores de fundos e compará-las com o referencial teórico. A pesquisa é do tipo exploratória e a coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário respondido por 20 gestores de fundos e 7 investidores institucionais de PE/VC. Por meio da pesquisa, foi confirmada a importância da mensuração do capital intelectual por meio de métodos específicos e da sua divulgação. No entanto, embora reconheçam a importância da mensuração, poucos têm exercido a prática, alegando como principais motivos a não exigência por parte dos Investidores, Mercado e Reguladoras, e a falta de um método padrão geralmente aceito. Cabe à contabilidade desenvolver ou aprimorar algum método adequado, que possa ser utilizado por todas as empresas. Quanto aos indicadores de Capital Intelectual, os respondentes têm utilizado cobrindo os principais componentes apresentados pelo referencial teórico. No tocante à divulgação de informações sobre o capital intelectual, os principais motivos apontados para a não divulgação foram a falta de informações a serem divulgadas e o entendimento de que o sigilo é importante para esse tipo de informação

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:39:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Renato Mauricio Porto Reis.pdf: 884389 bytes, checksum: c87ae0ec970a0765541ddb2685f9b886 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / This Essay intends to discuss the concepts and issues related to Goodwill. For this it was presented the Goodwill role on the Financial Statements as an Intangible Asset. To achieve this goal it was made an analysis of the concepts indicated in the Brazilian Rules, specially the Technical Statement CPC 04 (R1) Intangible Assets and the Technical Statement CPC 15 (R1) Business Combination and the understanding that these rules plays in the registration and valuation of the Goodwill, especially in relation to the impossibility of its registration due to the many limitations of its concept. From the limits imposed by the accountant rules it was explored the main concepts proposed by the majors Authors and Professors about this theme and the conclusion that was presented by them that indicates a residual concept for Goodwill in merger and acquisitions. Once defined the limitations it can be stated that Goodwill can be defined as the overall force of the Identified Assets in a Company, therefore it will be explored a more complex and elaborate issue as the influence and proximity of the intellectual asset and the incorporate synergy. Made this considerations and known its effects, it was evaluated the concepts of the acquired Goodwill and the created Goodwill, in order to conclude that it is not the acquisition that creates the Goodwill it is latent and would be materialized and quantified when acquired. Therefore nothing would forbid that the created Goodwill would be calculated and registered. This would allow the best use by the stake holder of the Financial Statements. At the end it was proposed a quantification criteria and a way to incorporate this value in the Financial Statements / O presente estudo procurou questionar e discutir os conceitos e as demais questões relacionadas ao Goodwill, apresentando sua inserção nas Demonstrações Contábeis como integrante do Ativo de uma entidade no Grupo dos Ativos Não Circulantes, os Ativo Intangíveis. Para tanto, foram avaliados seus conceitos, a partir das Normas Contábeis Brasileiras, em especial o Pronunciamento Técnico CPC 04 (R1) Ativos Intangíveis e o Pronunciamento Técnico CPC 15 (R1) Combinação de Negócios e o entendimento que estas duas normas impõem ao Goodwill, especificamente quanto à impossibilidade de seu registro, por conta de diversas limitações que seu conceito incorpora. Com base nas limitações impostas pelas Normas Contábeis foram explorados os diversos conceitos propostos pelos principais autores sobre o tema e, desse modo, é possível compreender que as normas incorporam o conceito de residual que o Goodwill possui em uma aquisição por combinação de negócios. Assim, definidas as limitações e conhecidos os conceitos, se constatou que o Goodwill pode ser simplesmente definido como sendo a força do conjunto de Ativos Identificáveis tratados nas circunstâncias em que se situam em uma entidade; passou-se a considerar a questão conceitual mais sofisticada, como a proximidade com o Capital Intelectual e o efeito sinérgico que incorpora. Feitas estas observações e conhecidos os seus efeitos, avaliou-se o chamado Goodwill adquirido ou comprado e o Goodwill gerado internamente, para concluir que não é a aquisição de uma entidade por combinação, que gera o Goodwill − ele está latente e é materializado neste momento mas, nada impede que seja apurado e calculado periodicamente, como uma forma de permitir ao usuário das Demonstrações Contábeis dispor de uma informação mais confiável e completa. Ao final, foi proposto um critério de mensuração e uma forma de incorporação às Demonstrações Contábeis, ao menos, anualmente

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo da Silva Melo.pdf: 1288469 bytes, checksum: 4fac634345d4909350d94b144f5e7490 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-05 / The thematic central office of this project is the study of the methods and techniques of evaluation of companies who can support the process of measurement of the Intangible Assets, more specifically of the projection of the potential of economic result of these aspects. The objective is to obtain to inside approach the countable information of economic of the industrial companies of the eletroeletronics sector, without its reference (historical cost) either abandoned, propitiating an additional and excellent information to the managers in the taking of decisions that they aim at to the present and to the future, in the processes of acquisitions or fusing, Through a study of in four representative companies of the sector of eletroeletronics that, it is intended to verify the utility of the application of the methods and the techniques of evaluation of companies, to contribute in the measurement of the Intangible Assets, in companies of the industrial sector of eletroeletronics. The difficulty in understanding this aspect has caused innumerable questions and quarrels regarding the importance of the countable information and the position of the accountant / A temática central deste trabalho é o estudo dos métodos e das técnicas de avaliação de empresas que possam apoiar o processo de mensuração dos Ativos Intangíveis, mais especificamente, da projeção do potencial de resultado econômico desses aspectos. O objetivo é conseguir aproximar a mensuração contábil da mensuração econômica nas empresas industriais do setor eletroeletrônico, sem que seu referencial (custo histórico) seja abandonado. Desse modo, pretende-se propiciar informação adicional e relevante aos gestores, qualificando o processo de tomada de decisões que visam ao presente e ao futuro, nos processos de aquisições ou fusões. Por meio de um estudo focalizado em quatro empresas representativas do setor de eletroeletrônico, pretende-se verificar a utilidade da aplicação dos métodos e das técnicas de avaliação de empresas enquanto ferramentas contribuintes para a mensuração dos Ativos Intangíveis. A dificuldade em compreender esse aspecto tem causado inúmeros debates e discussões a respeito da importância da informação contábil e da postura do contador, para o que este trabalho pretende oferecer esclarecimentos relevantes

Varumärket – vår tids viktigaste tillgång. Det är en immateriell tillgång som erbjuder ettexklusivt värde för konsumenten och en möjlighet för företag att utmärka sig från sinakonkurrenter. I genomsnitt upp till 50 % av ett företags balansräkning kan bestå avvarumärket och det beskrivs som lika viktigt som produktens kvalité. Immateriella tillgångarär dock svåra att identifiera och på grund av detta uppstår svårigheter vid erkännande ochkapitalisering. Det saknas även en aktiv marknad för varumärken, vilket försvårarvärderingsprocessen. För att underlätta värderingen har standarder så som IAS 38, IFRS 3 ochISO 10668 framtagits. I dessa finns bland annat definitioner, erkännandekriterier och metoderför beräkning av varumärkets värde.Med detta som utgångspunkt är studiens huvudsyfte att analysera värdering av varumärken ipraktiken. Syftet är också att undersöka hur redovisningsstandarder som ISO 10668, IFRS 3IAS 38 underlättar för professionen vid värdering. För besvara syftet har intervjuer på tre avde största revisionsbyråerna utfösts. Studiens empiri består även av en textanalys av sju olikaföretags årsredovisningar, med syfte att undersöka hur de har värderat sina varumärken.Teorin visar att det finns flera olika värderingsmetoder, där studien presenterar fem av dessa.Resultatet av studien visar att de framtidsorienterade metoderna är de som främst används vidvärdering av varumärken. Relief from royalty är den metod som är vanligast bland deinkomstbaserade tillvägagångssätten. Metoden innebär att man beräknar hur mycket företagettjänar på att äga varumärket istället för att leasa det och få en royaltyavgift, därav namnet,relief from royalty. Det är även möjligt att beräkna värdet med hjälp av förväntade framtidakassaflöden.Slutsatsen i denna studie är bland annat att varumärken utgör en viktig del av företagensbalansräkning, att inte erkänna de skulle ge en felaktig bild av företaget. Även om varumärkeär svårt att definiera och värdera är det bättre att redovisa ett något felaktigt värde än att inteerkänna det alls. Standarderna IAS 38 och IFRS 3 utgör ett ramverk som stödjer ochunderlättar värderingen. Det framkommer dock att ISO 10668 sällan används i praktiken.Metoder som inriktar sig på framtida uppskattade värden är osäkra eftersom de till stor delinnebär bedömningar av händelser som inte har inträffat. Värdering enligt dettatillvägagångssätt ger mer relevanta värden än vid historiska kostnader som bas. Beloppenanses dock brista i tillförlitlighet. För att årsredovisningarna ska kunna vara både relevantaoch tillförlitliga är studiens slutsats att man vid värdering av varumärken bör använda två ellerfler värderingsmetoder. Blir resultatet likvärdigt vid beräkning enligt båda metoder är dettroligt att beloppet är tillförlitligt. / Program: Civilekonomprogrammet

The dissertation thesis concentrates on financial reporting of professional sports franchises. The thesis is divided into eight sections. In addition to introduction and conclusion the thesis includes the section focus on sports economics and five sections consider specific issues of professional sports clubs from accounting perspective. Section 1 accents an increasing importance of sport in society involving growing allocation of financial resources. Entry into stock is way to obtain an external capital. However this entry increases user's requirements on financial statements. Section 2 focus on economic background of professional sports franchises. Understanding of economic relations in sports branche provides correct interpretation of economic phenomenons and their recognition. Section 3 emphasizes importance of intangible rights in sports branche and presents approaches of intangible asset accounting included in IFRS and US GAAP. Section 4 be engaged in most important issue in sports branche -- economic relations between players and sports franchises established in the player contracts. This section concern about initial recognition of player contracts depending on type of acquisition and accounting of longterm liabilities included in the player contracts. Section 5 shows economic implications of league franchise (especially teritorial exclusivity) which are crucial for fulfiling the recognition criteria to be classified as an (intangible) asset. Key problem of subsequent recognition of league franchise is determining the useful life of an intangible asset. Section 6 present the main sources of revenues for sports franchises (operating segments) and their influence on the structure of financial statements. This section concentres mostly on recognition of revenues from sale of broadcasting rights guaranteed in longterm contracts. Section 7 focus on some economic and accounting aspects of operating a sports facility (especially subvencion and longterm lease of sports facilities). Section 8 summarise the main ideas included in this dissertation thesis.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A partir da constataÃÃo de que os modelos de ciclo de vida revelam como os recursos podem ser mais eficazmente utilizados em diferentes fases das empresas incubadas de base tecnolÃgica (EBTIs), que sÃo conhecidas como empresas baseadas no conhecimento, e que em cada estÃgio organizacional pode haver a necessidade de consumo de diferentes recursos, este estudo se insere na Ãrea de pesquisa sobre EBTIs. Nessa perspectiva, a presente dissertaÃÃo tem o propÃsito de investigar a relaÃÃo entre os estÃgios do ciclo de vida organizacional das EBTIs e a estrutura de ativos intangÃveis destas empresas. Para tanto, a pesquisa exploratÃrio-descritiva, com abordagem quantitativa dos dados, reÃne as empresas vinculadas Ãs incubadoras de base tecnolÃgica cearenses, com populaÃÃo de 64 empresas e amostra de 41. Inicialmente, caracterizou-se o perfil das EBTIs da amostra. Em seguida, procedeu-se à identificaÃÃo dos estÃgios do ciclo de vida das EBTIs da amostra, realizada de forma descritiva, tendo como base as respostas apresentadas pelos gestores para os 11 aspectos que compÃem os cinco constructos de Scott e Bruce (1987), sendo possÃvel constatar que duas empresas da amostra enquadraram-se prioritariamente no estÃgio inÃcio, 19 empresas no estÃgio sobrevivÃncia, 14 empresas no estÃgio crescimento, quatro empresas no estÃgio expansÃo e, por fim, duas empresas no estÃgio maturidade. Posteriormente, foi realizado o exame da estrutura de ativos intangÃveis, por meio do monitor de ativos intangÃveis de Sveiby (1998), o qual categoriza estes em competÃncia dos funcionÃrios, estrutura interna e estrutura externa, que sÃo avaliados por indicadores de crescimento/renovaÃÃo, indicadores de eficiÃncia e indicadores de estabilidade, com variaÃÃo entre 18 e 90 pontos. Em geral, os resultados desse exame indicaram que a pontuaÃÃo mÃdia atingida pelas EBTIs foi de 55,7, sendo 17,3 a tÃtulo de competÃncia dos funcionÃrios, 18,7, estrutura interna e 19,7, estrutura externa. Com o fim de se alcanÃar ao objetivo principal da dissertaÃÃo, procedeu-se a anÃlise descritiva acerca do relacionamento das variÃveis, a qual revelou que à medida que as organizaÃÃes progridem no seu ciclo de vida organizacional, aumentam seus ativos intangÃveis. Para comprovar o achado, foi aplicado o teste estatÃstico MANOVA, o qual confirmou a existÃncia de relaÃÃo entre o ciclo de vida organizacional de EBTIs e a sua estrutura de ativos intangÃveis. Posteriormente, para uma anÃlise mais detalhada dos dados, aplicou-se ANOVAs univariadas, a qual permitiu concluir que os ativos intangÃveis relacionados à estrutura interna à organizaÃÃo, quando analisados individualmente nÃo geram diferenÃas significativas entre os estÃgios do ciclo de vida das EBTIs. Do exposto, verifica-se o cumprimento ao objetivo geral desta dissertaÃÃo, uma vez que foi possÃvel concluir que a estrutura de ativos intangÃveis das EBTIs altera-se a medida que as organizaÃÃes progridem em seus estÃgios do ciclo de vida organizacional. / Based on the awareness that life-cycle models reveal how resources may be more efficiently used in different phases of incubated companies of technological basis (EBTIs), which are known as knowledge-based companies, and that for each stage there might be a necessity to use different resources, this study is inserted in the EBTI research area. In this perspective, the present dissertation aims at investigating the relation between the stages of organizational life cycle at EBTIs and the intangible asset structure of these companies. In order to reach that objective, this descriptive-exploratory research, with a quantitative approach on data, puts together companies linked to business incubators of technological basis in CearÃ, with a population of 64 companies and a sample of 41. Initially, the profile of sample EBTIs was defined. Then there was the identification of life cycle stages of the sample EBTIs, realized in a descriptive way, based on managersâ answers concerning the 11 aspects that make up the five constructs of Scott and Bruce (1987). It was possible to observe that two of the sample companies primarily fit into the initial stage, 19 companies into the survival stage, 14 companies into the growing stage, four companies into the expansion stage and, at last, two companies into the maturity stage. Later on, the intangible asset examination was realized, by means of Sveibyâs (1998) intangible asset monitor, which categorizes such assets by employeesâ competence, inner structure, and outer structure, which are evaluated by growth/renewal indexes, efficiency indexes and stability indexes with a variation between 18 and 90 points. In general, the results of this exam indicated that the average score reached by the EBTIswas 55,7. 17,3 points correspond to employee competence, 18,7 to inner structure, and 19,7 to outer structure. In order to reach the most important goal of this dissertation, there was subsequent descritive analysis on the relationship of variables, which has revealed the fact that as organizations progress in their organizational life-cycle, their intangible assets increase. In order to descriptively verify the validity of such discovery, the MANOVA statistical test was applied, which confirmed the existence of a relation betweenEBTIs organizational life cycles and their intangible asset structure. After wards, for a more detailed analysis of data, univaried ANOVAs, which together allowed for the conclusion that intangible assets related to organizational inner structure, when individually assessed, do not produce significant differences between the EBTIsâ life-cycle stages. Thus the general objective of this dissertation is reached in view of the fact that it was possible to conclude that the intangible asset structure of EBTIs changes as organizations proceed in their organizational life-cycle stages.