Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-11T13:41:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Paula de Souza Oliveira.pdf: 1827046 bytes, checksum: a34fd4cdffcca5f6975bcfbda1a92a13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-10 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper addresses the policy attention to (the) elderly (the) victims of domestic violence a public institution of Manaus. Violence against older people is multi-causal problem today as determinants of several factors: social, economic, political and cultural rights, to demand the intervention of the Company and the Government. However, we can see is that still there are few studies that address this issue, since the first studies date back to 90 years. It is a research nature quanti held at the Department of Defense and Protection of the Elderly, a reference to violence in attention, interviews with professionals who make up the five professional staff (social workers, psychologists, lawyers and Delegate) and applied form open and closed with eight elderly victims of domestic violence, a total of thirteen participants. With the following results: the elderly are men and women whose age varies from 64 to 78 years, in relation to marital status, six elderly (as) are married, the other, an elderly widow and the other is single. As for family composition, seven elderly live with family and only one reported that elderly living alone constituting single-person household. With regard to income, six seniors are retired, elderly is a beneficiary of the BPC. And only one has no income and elderly receive help from families to meet their basic needs. Regarding risk factors, we observe the consumption of drugs and alcohol by family members who abuse their elderly. In most cases, the abuser is the child, and only an old revealed that her granddaughter was a minor. About the policy attention to the violence found that users have a positive view about the services offered by the Integrated Center, as professionals, they showed the relevance and contributions of services offered. Therefore, we analyze how it is being operationalized attention to violence in the institution of Manaus and identify the profile of the elderly victim of domestic violence served by the Center, and show that, as elderly is vulnerable to this situation, their families, too, next actions require a proactive and comprehensive and systematic monitoring both seniors and families in order to mitigate the impacts of conflicts in family dynamics and, possibly, the practices of violence against the elderly segment. / O presente trabalho aborda a política de atenção aos(às) idosos(as) vítimas de violência intrafamiliar de uma instituição pública de Manaus. A violência contra idosos se constitui hoje como problema pluricausal, determinantes de vários fatores: sociais, econômicos, políticos e culturais, a demandar a intervenção da Sociedade e do Poder Público. No entanto, o que se percebe é que ainda são escassos os estudos que abordam essa temática, uma vez que os primeiros estudos datam dos anos 90. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza quantiqualitativa, realizada no Núcleo de Proteção e Defesa da Pessoa Idosa, que é referência na atenção à violência, foram realizadas entrevistas com cinco profissionais que compõem a equipe profissional (Assistentes Sociais, Psicóloga, Advogado e Delegado) e aplicado formulário aberto e fechado com oito idosos vítimas de violência intrafamiliar, totalizando treze participantes. Com a obtenção dos seguintes resultados: os idosos são homens e mulheres cuja faixa etária varia entre 64 a 78 anos; em relação ao estado conjugal, seis idosos(as) são casados, as demais, uma idosa é viúva e a outra solteira. Quanto à composição familiar, sete idosos residem com familiares e somente uma idosa informou que mora sozinha constituindo família unipessoal. No que se refere à renda, seis idosos são aposentados, uma idosa é beneficiária do BPC. E somente uma idosa não possui renda e recebe ajuda dos familiares para suprir suas necessidades básicas. Quanto aos fatores de risco, observamos o consumo de drogas e álcool por parte dos familiares que agridem seus idosos. Na maioria dos casos, o agressor é o filho, e apenas um idoso revelou que foi a neta menor de idade. Acerca da política de atenção à violência verificamos que os usuários têm uma visão positiva a respeito dos serviços oferecidos pelo Núcleo Integrado, quanto aos profissionais, os mesmos mostraram a relevância e as contribuições dos serviços oferecidos. Diante disso, analisamos como está sendo operacionalizada a atenção à violência nesta instituição de Manaus e identificamos o perfil do idoso vítima de violência intrafamiliar atendido pelo Núcleo, bem como mostramos que, assim como idoso se encontra vulnerável a essa situação, suas famílias também, o que vem requerer ações interventivas e um acompanhamento integral e sistemático tanto aos idosos quanto as famílias, a fim de amenizar os impactos dos conflitos existentes na dinâmica familiar e, possivelmente, as práticas de violência contra este segmento idoso. .

L’eau souterraine représente 98% de la ressource en eau douce liquide sur Terre. Vitale, avantageuse par ses propriétés spéciales mais, souvent, particulièrement vulnérable à long terme, face aux dégradations continues générées par l’ère anthropocène, elle devrait faire l’objet d’une réglementation exprimant toute la signification du « niveau élevé de protection de l’environnement » requis en droit primaire de l’Union européenne. C’est pourquoi la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau (GIRE) pratiquée par l’UE devrait tendre, pour cette eau, vers un degré supérieur de préservation d’un milieu hypogé singulièrement fragile, via une distinction plus marquée entre les notions de «gestion» et de «protection» intégrées, selon l’intensité de la préservation qu’elles emporteraient. A travers cette évolution de la gestion vers la protection intégrée, que l’on érigerait en mode d’intervention à part entière, le droit de l’UE définirait une nouvelle balance entre intérêts économiques et nécessités environnementales. Un tel renforcement du droit dérivé pertinent passerait avant tout par une conception rénovée des eaux souterraines, affranchie d’une conception trop sommaire, dans la directive-cadre sur l’eau et la directive 2006/118/CE, pour en appréhender toute la richesse. Ce, sous peine de ne les protéger que partiellement. Sans préjudice de l’unité du droit de l’eau, des aménagements spécifiques devraient ainsi être prévus pour les eaux souterraines, dont les dynamiques peuvent grandement différer, dans le temps et l’espace, de la surface. Les eaux souterraines ne pouvant être séparées de leur réceptacle (sol et sous-sol), leur protection intégrée requerrait en outre de transcender les limites de la politique de l’eau, et d’aller au-delà de l’intégration telle qu’on la connaissait dans le cadre de la GIRE. Cette dernière, en effet, n’efface pas toutes les contradictions entre politiques sectorielles. Aussi faudrait-il poursuivre la mise en cohérence desdites politiques concernées (environnementale, agricole, industrielle, énergétique…), dont la convergence devrait être accrue dans le sens d’une protection globale du milieu souterrain – une protection affermie pour laquelle pourraient se mobiliser l’ensemble des acteurs intéressés, s’ils étaient orientés vers cet objectif par des dispositifs plus appropriés. / Because groundwater, which represents 98% of the liquid freshwater on Earth, is vital, of particular benefit due to its special properties, but, often, especially vulnerable, in the long term, to the unceasing degra-dation caused by the anthropogenic era, it should be the subject of a regulation that would express the whole meaning of the “high level of protection of the environment” required in the European Union primary law. The integrated management of water resources management (IWRM) implemented by the EU should therefore, for this water, strive for a higher stage of preservation of a singularly fragile underground environment, through a sharper distinction between the concepts of integrated “management” and “protection”, according to the intensity of preservation they would respectively imply. Via such an evolution from integrated management to protection, the latter becoming an autonomous framework of action, the EU law would adopt a different position on the balance between economic interests and ecological necessities. This strengthening of the relevant secondary law must rest on, first and foremost, a new apprehension of groundwater, in the water framework directive and the directive 2006/118/EC, beyond a conception too perfunctory to comprehend the richness of it, otherwise it won’t be fully protected. So, without prejudice to the unity of water law, specific adjustments should be provided for, concerning ground waters, insofar as their dynamics may significantly differ, in time and space, from those of surface water. Since ground waters can’t be separated from its receptacle (soil and subsoil), its integrated protection would demand in addition to transcend the borders of the sectoral water policy and to go beyond the integration as we know it in the current IWRM, which doesn’t erase contradictions between sectoral policies. Thus has to be carried on the improvement of the coherence between relevant politics (environment, agriculture, industry, energy…), in order to build a complete protection of the underground environment. A new framework where would be mobilized all involved actors, converging towards this purpose thanks to more appropriate mechanisms.

Malgré l’enclavement du Tchad, le besoin de développement économique et social a conduit l’Etat à mettre en exploitation les gisements pétrolifères. Ces gisements étant ni « délocalisables », ni « déterritorilisables », leur exploitation dans un contexte on-shore, dans des milieux naturels et à vocation agropastorale pose des problèmes spécifiques que jusque-là le droit international et la plupart des systèmes juridiques des pays en développement peinent à saisir. Il s’agit notamment des problèmes liés à l’empreinte écologique et sociale des industries pétrolières on-shore. La prise en compte des préoccupations environnementales par le droit tchadien du pétrole est très embryonnaire et infime. Le droit tchadien de l’environnement et le droit foncier n’ont pas, non plus, pris en compte les risques liés à la recherche, l’exploitation et le transport par canalisation des hydrocarbures dans leurs dispositifs. Ils n’abordent pas aussi les problématiques relatives à la remise en l’état des sites pétroliers abandonnés ou en fin de vie. Dans un tel contexte, si le législateur ne procède pas à des reformes afin de prendre concomitamment en compte les opérations pétrolières et les préoccupations environnementales dans un dispositif juridique intégré, on risque d’assister à « un second Delta du Niger dans le bassin pétrolier de Doba ». / Despite the isolation of Chad, the need for economic and social development led the government of Chad to explore and produce oil reserves. As these deposits are neither "delocalizable or movable" nor "deteriorisable or destructible", their exploitation in onshore context and natural environments with breeding vocation raises specific problems that international law and most legal systems in developing countries have difficulties to overcome until now. These include issues related to the ecological and social’s footprint of onshore oil industries. The Chadian’s law related to oil is still tiny and is at its embryonic level therefore it doesn’t take into consideration detailed environmental concerns. Chad's environmental law and land’s law didn’t also take into account risks associated with the exploration, exploitation and transport by pipeline of hydrocarbons in their plans. They also didn’t address issues related to the restoration of abandoned or end-of-life’s oilfields. In this context, if the legislator does not carry out reforms in order to simultaneously take into account petroleum operations and environmental concerns in an integrated legal system, there is a risk of "a second Niger Delta in Doba’s oilfield".