A adoção de soluções integradas em processos organizacionais movimenta um crescente e importante setor da economia. Os sistemas integrados de gestão representam essas soluções e tornaram-se práticas usuais implantá-los como promessa de atendimento à demanda e às necessidades das empresas que buscam diferenciais competitivos. Como apoio a esse complexo processo, o trabalho propõe uma arquitetura de referência para a formação e gerência de redes de cooperação e inovação entre agentes de implantação de sistemas integrados de gestão. A revisão da literatura abarca temas essenciais ao sucesso da implantação do sistema integrado de gestão, que precisam compor o conhecimento do corpo da rede de agentes que serão responsáveis pela implantação. A abordagem se inicia na análise, nas formas de organização e coordenação do processo de produção. A bibliografia conceitua também a inovação, a cooperação e a formação e a gerência de redes. Um recorte analítico de redes é feito para um gênero de sistemas integrados de gestão, o ERP e uma discussão da aplicação direta da teoria de arquiteturas de referência. Três pilares sustentam e caracterizam o método de pesquisa. O primeiro é a revisão bibliográfica. O segundo é o estudo de caso, que confere caráter empírico à pesquisa. O terceiro é a metodologia de modelagem organizacional EKD que fornece as diretrizes construtivas da arquitetura de referência. A contribuição da pesquisa é que a arquitetura de referência propicie à empresa que implanta um sistema integrado de gestão, a criação de um mecanismo de proteção ao processo organizacional a ser integrado. Além disso, a arquitetura de referência promove a sistematização da coordenação dos recursos da implantação da solução, com maior certeza de probabilidade de sucesso. / The adoption of integrated solutions in organized processes puts into motion an increasing and important sector of the economy. The management integrated systems (MIS) represent these solutions and it has become usual to implant them as attendance promise to the demand and the necessities of the companies who search for competitive differentials. As support to this complex process, the work considers reference architecture for the formation and management of cooperation networks and innovation among the MIS implementation agents. The literature review accumulates essential subjects for the application success of the integrated system which are requested to compose the knowledge of the body which integrates the net agents who will be responsible for the implementation. The approach gets started in the analysis, in the forms of organization and coordination of the production process. An analytical viewing of networks is made for a sort of MIS, ERP and a critical analysis of the direct application of the theory from the reference architectures. Three pillars support and characterize the first method of research. The first one is the literature review. The second one is the case study, that offers confers empirical character to the research.The third one is the methodology of organizational modeling that supplies the constructive lines of direction of the reference architecture, EKD. The contribution of the research is that the reference architecture propitiates to the company who implants the MIS, the creation of a mechanism of protection to be integrated in the organizational process. Moreover, the reference architecture promotes the systematization of the coordination resources for the implementation of the integrated solution and it provides a higher certainty and probability of being successful.

In this study a software package for easily creating and embedding structural health monitoring (SHM) data interrogation processes in remote hardware is presented. The software described herein is comprised of two pieces. The first is a client to allow graphical construction of data interrogation processes. The second is node software for remote execution of processes on remote sensing and monitoring hardware. The client software is created around a catalog of data interrogation algorithms compiled over several years of research at Los Alamos National Laboratory known as DIAMOND II. This study also includes encapsulating the DIAMOND II algorithms into independent interchangeable functions and expanding the catalog with work in feature extraction and statistical discrimination. The client software also includes methods for interfacing with the node software over an Internet connection. Once connected, the client software can upload a developed process to the integrated sensing and processing node. The node software has the ability to run the processes and return results. This software creates a distributed SHM network without individual nodes relying on each other or a centralized server to monitor a structure. For the demonstration summarized in this study, the client software is used to create data collection, feature extraction, and statistical modeling processes. Data are collected from monitoring hardware connected to the client by a local area network. A structural health monitoring process is created on the client and uploaded to the node software residing on the monitoring hardware. The node software runs the process and monitors a test structure for induced damage, returning the current structural-state indicator in near real time to the client. Current integrated health monitoring systems rely on processes statically loaded onto the monitoring node before the node is deployed in the field. The primary new contribution of this study is a software paradigm that allows processes to be created remotely and uploaded to the node in a dynamic fashion over the life of the monitoring node without taking the node out of service. / Master of Science

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The cattle breeding and crop production integrated systems in the south of Brazil is based mostly on grain production with summer crops and beef cattle production over winter pastures. This activity have been expanded quickly in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, due the increase of soybean cultivation over native grass fields areas and the requirement to improve the livestock productivity index in that state. However, few research works exists until this moment to show the best management systems to this areas mainly due to its distinct character of agriculture and livestock when are isolated activities. With this meaning, this work has the purpose to evaluate the effect in increase use intensity of winter pastures and different summer crops systems over the soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics and its granulometric fractions particulate and mineral associated SOM on this areas and the grain and beef cattle yield achieved. For that, a field experiment was carried out over a Palehudult soil, on the city of Jari RS, with complete randomized blocks experimental design on factorial treatment distribution, four replications, with the utilization of three winter pastures management systems: no grazing (NG), grazing even 28 days (G28) and grazing even 14 days (G14), composing in this way increasing grazing frequencies over that pastures; and three summer crops systems: soybean monoculture (Mon-S), corn monoculture (Mon-C) and soybean/corn rotation (Rot-S/C). The beef cattle yield during the winter was not significantly affected by the increase of the grazing frequencies, but the biomass production to soil cover by the pastures and the grain yield of summer crops was reduced when the use intensity of the winter pastures by the animals was increased. The C addition to the soil by vegetal residues varied between 2.92 and 7.59 Mg ha-1 year-1 to the treatments G14 Mon-S and NG Mon-M, respectively. So, the main SOM fraction affected by the employed management in each treatment was the particulate fraction, expressed by the POM-C pool. This pool showed be 49 times more sensitive to the applied management over the winter pastures than the mineral associated fraction, expresses by the AMOM-C pools. The application of the Hennín & Dupuis s mathematical model to the prediction of each pools of SOM showed higher turnover rates of POM-C, in relation to the SOC and AMOM-C pools. The k1 coefficient (humification rate of the C additioned to the soil) obtained by the mathematical model was 0.1215, 0.0936 and 0.1249 year-1, to POM-C, AMOM-C and SOC, respectively, while the k2 coefficient (mineralization rate of de SOC) was 0.1292, 0.0161 and 0.0185 year-1, to the same pools. Using this data, the POM-C and SOC simulated pools on stability were 2.75 and 19.73 Mg ha-1, respectively, to the treatment G14 Mon-S, and 7.13 and 51.21 Mg ha-1, respectively, to the treatment NG Mon-M. The t½ (half-life time) for POM-C, AMOM-C and SOC were 5, 43 and 37 years, respectively, and the MRT (mean residence time) were 8, 62 and 54 years, to the same pools, respectively. The treatments that not received grazing during the winter showed good potential to the atmospheric CO2 sequestration, while the increase of the grazing intensity reduced this potential, passing to actuate like a sink of atmospheric CO2 when the G28 and G14 frequencies had been applied. The POM-N pools had been equally more sensitive to the grazing and crop management applied than the AMOM-N or TN pools, being that the higher pools had been observed when soybean was utilized on monoculture over the areas that not received grazing and the lowers pools had been observed when the corn was cultivated on monoculture over areas that received grazing even 14 days during the winter. / A Integração Lavoura-Pecuária no sul do Brasil baseia-se principalmente na exploração de culturas produtoras de grãos, durante o verão, e na produção de carne bovina sobre pastagens de estação fria, durante o inverno. Esta atividade vem se expandindo rapidamente no Rio Grande do Sul, devido ao aumento da área de cultivo da soja sobre áreas de campo nativo e da necessidade de se melhorar os índices de produtividade da pecuária neste estado. No entanto, pouco trabalhos de pesquisa existem até o momento, a fim de indicar quais os melhores sistemas de manejo destas áreas, tendo em vista seu caráter distinto da agricultura e da pecuária quando atividades isoladas. Neste sentido, este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a influência do aumento da intensidade de utilização das pastagens de inverno e diferentes sistemas de culturas de verão sobre a dinâmica da MOS e de suas frações granulométricas particulada e associada a minerais nestas áreas, bem como a produtividade de grãos e de carne alcançadas. Para tanto instalou-se um experimento a campo sobre um Argissolos Vermelho-Amarelo Alumínico típico, no município de Jari RS, com delineamento experimental blocos ao acaso com parcelas dispostas em distribuição fatorial, com quatro repetições, que constou da utilização de três sistemas de manejo das pastagens de inverno, que eram compostas de Aveia Preta e Azevém, sendo eles: sem pastoreio (SP), pastoreio a cada 28 dias (P28) e pastoreio a cada 14 dias (P14), compondo assim freqüências crescentes de pastoreio sobre estas pastagens; e três sistemas de culturas de verão, a saber: monocultura de soja (Mon-S), monocultura de milho (Mon-M) e rotação soja/milho (Rot-S/M). Observou-se que o ganho de peso vivo animal durante o inverno não foi significativamente beneficiado pelo aumento da freqüência de pastoreios, porém a produção de fitomassa para cobertura de solo pelas pastagens e o rendimento de grãos da culturas de verão foi reduzido quando aumentou-se a intensidade de utilização das pastagens de inverno pelos animais. As adições de C ao solo via resíduos vegetais variou entre 2,92 e 7,59 Mg ha-1 ano-1, para os tratamentos P14 Mon-S e SP Mon-M, respectivamente. A principal fração da MOS afetada pelo manejo empregado em cada tratamento foi a fração particulada (COp), sendo que os estoques de CO nesta fração se mostraram 49 vezes mais sensíveis ao manejo aplicado sobre as pastagens de inverno do que a fração associada a minerais (COam). A aplicação do modelo matemático unicompartimental de Hennín & Dupuis para a modelagem dos estoques de cada fração da MOS demonstrou a maior velocidade de ciclagem do COp, em relação aos estoques de COT e COam. O coeficiente k1 (taxa de humificação do C adicionado ao solo) do modelo matemático obtidos foram de 0,1215, 0,0936 e 0,1249 ano-1, para o COp, COam e COT, respectivamente, enquanto que o coeficiente k2 (taxa de mineralização do CO) foram de 0,1292, 0,0161 e 0,0185 ano-1, para os mesmos compartimentos da MOS. Utilizando estes dados, simulou-se que os estoques de COp e COT na camada 0 -10 cm na estabilidade serão de 2,75 e 19,73 Mg ha-1, respectivamente, para o tratamento P14 Mon-S, e de 7,13 e 51,21 Mg ha-1, respectivamente, para o tratamento SP Mon-M. Além disto, o t½ (tempo de meia vida) do COp, COam e COT calculados foram de 5, 43 e 37 anos, respectivamente, e o TMP (tempo médio de permanência) calculados foram de 8, 62 e 54 anos, para os mesmos compartimentos, respectivamente. O solo nos tratamentos que não receberam pastoreios durante o inverno apresentaram bom potencial para seqüestro de CO2 atmosférico, enquanto que o aumento da intensidade de pastoreios reduziu este potencial, passando a atuar como fonte de CO2 para a atmosfera quando aplicou-se a maior freqüência de pastoreios. Os estoques de NTp foram também mais sensíveis ao manejo do pastoreio e de culturas do que os estoques de NTam ou NT, sendo que os maiores estoques foram observados quando utilizou-se a soja em monocultivo nas áreas que não receberam pastoreio e os menores quando o milho foi cultivado em monocultura em áreas que receberam uma freqüência de pastoreio de 14 dias no inverno.

The great popularity of portable, wearable, and implantable smart electronics has intensively boosted the development of flexible miniaturized power supplies. Owing to the fast charge/discharge capability, high power delivery, long cycling lifetime, easy fabrication and integration, flexible in-plane micro-supercapacitors (FPMSCs) are of significance as the micropower sources for the next-generation flexible on-chip electronics. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview about FPMSCs and discuss the recent advances in their fabrication and applications. Particular emphasis is put on the emergent device fabrication technologies of FPMSCs, including deposition techniques, coating strategies, etching methods, and printing technologies. Moreover, we highlight the unique applications of FPMSCs in constructing smart responses and self-powered integrated systems in terms of multifunctional operation modes. Finally, the remaining challenges regarding flexibility, performance improvement, smart response, and microdevice integration of FPMSCs are discussed, which will stimulate further research in this thriving field.

The 2015 ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems (SMASIS) was held from 21 to 23 September 2015, in Colorado Springs, Colorado. The scope of the conference covers intelligent, flexible, adaptive materials and systems that respond to changes in the environment to perform in the most profitable way. Scientific strides and technological maturity in the field are linked to the interdisciplinary efforts at universities, government and industry. SMASIS aims at assembling world experts across engineering and scientific disciplines such as mechanical, aerospace, electrical, materials, and civil engineering, as well as biology, physics and chemistry, to discuss the latest findings and trends in this fruitful area of research.

Ces travaux portent sur la conception multidisciplinaire de systèmes intégrés. Ces systèmes sont soumis à un nombre d’exigences toujours croissant, entraînant des besoins en termes d’intégration fonctionnelle et spatiale. Ces différents types d’intégration relative au produit sont également la source d’une complexité organisationnelle, provenant à la fois de la multitude d’acteurs réalisant différentes activités d’ingénierie, mais également de la diversité des domaines impliqués, désignée dans ce manuscrit par « intégration multidisciplinaire ». Pour favoriser cette intégration multidisciplinaire, les phases de « conception préliminaire » et de « conception détaillée » ont été identifiées comme déterminantes, notamment car elles se caractérisent par la collaboration de nombreux experts, manipulant un grand nombre de données techniques de définition. Les systèmes conçus lors de conceptions multidisciplinaires restent faiblement intégrés. Cela est en partie dû au cloisonnement entre les disciplines et à un mode d’organisation projet basé sur une planification prédominante, caractérisé notamment par une diffusion de l’information principalement descendante (top-down). Afin d’assurer une meilleure collaboration entre ces différentes disciplines, de permettre des prises de décision éclairées par des indicateurs opérationnels et de pouvoir analyser et mieux comprendre les phénomènes d’intégration des expertises, l’introduction d’une méthode inspirée des principes fondateurs des méthodes agiles est proposée pour la conception collaborative de systèmes intégrés.La contribution de ces travaux s’appuie sur trois concepts complémentaires. Le premier, intitulé Collaborative Actions Framework correspond à un cadre de collaboration opérationnelle autour d’actions. Un des objectifs de ce framework est de faciliter la collaboration des acteurs des projets de conception, quelle que soit leur origine disciplinaire, mais également d’assurer une traçabilité entre les prises de décision et les corrections/modifications apportées sur les données techniques. Cette traçabilité est rendue possible grâce aux liens existants avec le second concept intitulé Workspace. Apportant un nouvel éclairage sur les possibilités offertes par la collaboration autour de ces espaces de collaboration, ce concept offre un certain nombre de possibilités,notamment la mise en commun continue des travaux, l’intégration multidisciplinaire et la validation des modifications. Les échanges de données techniques entre les workspaces, ou le travail simultané sur les mêmes données techniques, s’appuient quant à eux sur la possibilité de pouvoir gérer de façon parallèle différentes versions d’une même donnée technique. Ces possibilités sont proposées par le troisième concept, intitulé branch & merge, qui permet également à différents acteurs de travailler simultanément sur les mêmes données. Enfin, ces trois concepts sont ensuite illustrés par l’intermédiaire d’un démonstrateur composé d’un scénario et d’un prototype informatique. Un produit mécatronique, combinaison synergique et systémique de la mécanique, de l'électronique et de l'informatique temps réel, est utilisé afin d’illustrer les possibilités offertes par nos travaux en termes d'intégration multidisciplinaire lors de la conception collaborative. / This work focuses on the multidisciplinary and collaborative design of integrated systems. These systems are subject to an ever increasing number of requirements, leading to the need for more comprehensive functional and spatial integration. These different types of product integration are also at the origin of organizational complexity. This complexity arises not only from the great number of actors performing various engineering activities but also from the diversity of disciplines involved (designated in this manuscript as “multidisciplinary integration”). To encourage this multidisciplinary integration, “preliminary design” and “detailed design” have been identified as the most significant steps, especially since they are characterized by the collaboration of multiple experts handling a large number of product definition’ technical data. Systems that have been designed thanks to multidisciplinary approaches are generally poorly integrated. This is partially due to the compartmentalization of disciplines, as well as to the “project-planned” method, where project planning is predominant and information is mainly spread out “top-down”. To ensure better cooperation between the various disciplines, to enable decision making based on operational indicators and to analyze and understand the multidisciplinary integration processes, a method inspired by the founding principles of agile methods (the agile manifesto) is proposed for the collaborative design of integrated systems. This work is based on three complementary concepts. The first is, the Collaborative Actions Framework, an operational framework for collaboration around actions. One objective of this framework is to improve the collaboration among designers, whatever their disciplinary origin. It also ensures traceability between decision making and corrections/changes made to technical data. This traceability is made possible by the useof the second concept, called Workspace. Even if this term is already well known, we propose a new definition/usage to transform it into collaboration spaces. This concept offers great possibilities, including the continuous delivering/sharing of experts’ contributions, multidisciplinary integration and change validation. The exchange of technical data between workspaces, or simultaneous work on the same data, relies on the ability to manage several parallel versions of the same item into a single datamanagement system. These opportunities are offered by the third concept, called Branch & Merge. Finally, these three concepts are illustrated through a scenario and a computer prototype. A mechatronic product, “the synergistic combination of mechanical and electrical engineering, computer science, and information technology” (Harashima et al., 1996), is used to illustrate the opportunities offered by our work in terms of multidisciplinary integration during collaborative design.