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Integration har på senare år fått stort utrymme i den samhälleliga såväl som den politiska debatten. Integration är en dubbelriktad process som betonar det ömsesidiga ansvaret och tillmötesgåendet mellan etablerade svenskar och nyanlända. Den sociala integrationen kan således ses som en förutsättning för nyanländas integrationsprocess, då den sociala aspekten innefattar tillgång till det svenska språket och ett socialt nätverk, samt interaktion med majoritetssamhällets invånare. Däremot skiljer sig förutsättningarna mellan män och kvinnor, då kvinnor generellt sett har mindre personlig frihet och sämre förutsättningar än män i sin integrationsprocess. Utifrån ett integrationsprojekt riktat till föräldralediga kvinnor kommer den här studien att undersöka deltagares erfarenheter av social integration och dess betydelse för nyanländas integrationsprocess. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer, varav två med föräldralediga kvinnor och fyra stycken med så kallade etablerade svenskar, kommer att ligga till grund för det empiriska materialet. Det insamlade materialet kommer att analyseras gentemot Diaz integrationsmodell som betonar den sociala aspekten av integration, samt Berrys ackulturationsmodell och deras förståelse av integration för att skapa en djupare förståelse för respondenternas erfarenheter och uppfattningar. Resultatet visar att språket har en avgörande betydelse för de nyanländas integrationsprocess, där mötet med etablerade svenskar utgör både en huvudsaklig förutsättning för att lära sig språket och en huvudsaklig utmaning i deras integrationsprocess. Utifrån resultatet inser vi att ett ömsesidigt tillmötesgående och en öppenhet också utgör en förutsättning för en lyckad integration. / During recent years the issue of integration has gained increased attention in the public, as well as the political, debate. Integration is described as a two-way process that emphasises mutual responsibility between newcomers and established swedes. Therefore, social integration can be seen as a precondition for the integration process of newcomers, as the social aspect involves knowledge of the Swedish language and access to a social network, as well as interaction with the residents of the majority society. However, when it comes to the individual integration process women tend to have less personal freedom than men. This study will focus on an integration project aimed at favouring newly arrived women on parental leave as a part of their integration and will research experiences of social integration and its importance among the project participants. Six semi structured interviews, including two interviews with newly arrived women and four with established swedes, will lay the ground for the empirical materialof this study. The collected material will then be analysed through Diaz’s integration model thatemphasises the social aspect of integration, and Berry’s acculturation model, as well as theirunderstanding of the concept of integration. The theoretical concepts of this study are thought to help us gain a more nuanced understanding of the experiences and views of the participants. The result shows that the language is of crucial importance for the integration process of newcomers, whereas the interplay with established swedes constitutes both a principal precondition in order to learn the language, as well a main challenge to their integration process. Based on the results we acknowledge the importance of a mutual recognition and openness as prerequisites for successful integration.

<p>U sklopu doktorske disertacije izvršeno je istraživanje vezano za<br />automatizaciju integracije poslovnih aplikacija. Prikazani pristup<br />kombinuje model strukture interfejsa aplikacija koje se integrišu sa<br />formalnim opisom njihove semantike, datim u vidu ontologije. Na<br />osnovu ovih izvora, obavlja se automatsko mapiranje među elementima<br />interfejsa koji se integrišu, kao i detekcija i razrešavanje<br />semantičkih konflikata. Razvijena je praktična implementacija<br />predloženog pristupa, koja je korišćena za verifikaciju teorijskih<br />razmatranja, a uključuje adaptivan radni okvir i jezik specifičan za<br />domen. Predloženi pristup je verifikovan na dva realna<br />integraciona scenarija i jednim eksperimentom.</p> / <p>This thesis presents a research in the field of automation of enterprise<br />application integration. The approach combines structural models of<br />interfaces of the applications being integrated with a formal specification of<br />their semantics, given in form of an ontology. Using information from these<br />sources, automated interface mapping is performed, along with detection and<br />resolution of semantic conflicts. A practical implementation of the presented<br />approach was developed and used to verify theoretical considerations. The<br />implementation includes an adaptive framework and a domain specific<br />language. The proposed approach has been verified on two real-world<br />integration scenarios and one experiment.</p>

The automotive industry with its highly competitive environment together with high research and development costs is struggling to increase shareholder return. Cross-functional teams are employed to source suppliers which are helping to reduce production and development costs in close cooperation with the other departments. When working in a competitive environment and with external actors, intellectual property becomes increasingly important and organizational effort is directed to increase the generation and usage of such. Patent portfolio analysis is a well-known tool used to extract information from surrounding actors’ patents, which traditionally mainly was used for product development, but has potential to increase gross profit through cross-functional sourcing teams as well.  The purpose of this study is to investigate how to implement and use patent portfolio analysis as a cross-functional tool in the automotive industry. In order to fulfill the purpose, a qualitative case study has been conducted including both qualitative interviews, as well as action research in the form of workshops at the case company. The results were analyzed using a tailored framework denominated the system integration model which is a combination of the technology acceptance model and the managing strategy framework. The systems integration model was developed and validated by the researchers during the research process. The research result shows that patent portfolio analysis has a high perceived usefulness but a low actual system use within the studied company, especially in the sourcing department. The main barrier to use patent portfolio analysis cross-functionally was that the intellectual property strategy was not yet fully communicated and linked to the different departments’ objectives. There were also barriers found in the communication between- and the understanding of- each other’s departments, which could be reduced by increased education and promoting clear contact points and guidelines. The final conclusion of this research was that patent portfolio analysis likely could be used cross functionally to map the competitive landscape and increase gross profit by protection innovations through product development and sourcing. / Fordonssektorn kännetecknas av höga utvecklingskostnader och en konkurrenskraftig marknad där aktörerna strävar mot vinst till aktieägare. För att ge en hög avkastning till aktieägarna så arbetar man i tvärfunktionella team för att minska produktion och utvecklingskostnader samt för att anlita de bästa leverantörerna. Att arbeta i en konkurrenskraftig miljö med externa aktörer gör att immateriella rättigheter blir allt viktigare och företag satsar därför stora resurser för att detta ska hanteras på rätt sätt. Patentportföljanalys är ett välkänt verktyg för att extrahera information från omgivande aktörers patent, vilket traditionellt främst har använts i produktutveckling, men även har potential att öka bruttoresultat genom ett effektivare samarbete över avdelningar i tvärfunktionella inköpsteam. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur man implementerar och använder patentportföljanalys som ett tvärfunktionellt verktyg inom fordonssektorn. För att uppfylla syftet har en kvalitativ fallstudie genomförts genom kvalitativa intervjuer och workshops vid det undersökta företaget. Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av ett skräddarsytt ramverk som forskarna för denna undersökning benämnt som ”the system integration model”. Det här ramverket sammansvetsar den välkända modellen ”technology acceptance model” som syftar till att undersöka acceptans av ny teknik och den välkända modellen ”Managing four processes” som handlar om hur man skapar ett strategiskt management verktyg. ”The system integration model” utvecklades och validerades av forskarna i flera steg under studien. Resultatet visar att patentportföljanalys har en hög uppfattad nytta trots att det är låg systemanvändning i det undersökta företaget i dagsläget, särskilt i inköpsavdelningen. Den största barriären för användandet av patentportföljanalysen verkar vara att företagsstrategin för immateriella rättigheter ännu inte har kommunicerats och kopplats till de olika avdelningarna fullt ut. Det noterades även barriärer i kommunikationen mellan- och förståelsen för- de olika avdelningarna, vilken kan minskas genom utbildning och tydliga kontaktpunkter och riktlinjer. Den här undersökningen indikerar ytterligare på att patentportföljanalys är användbart i tvärfunktionella team då det ger möjligheten att kartlägga konkurrenslandskapet, säkra produkt- och eftermarknadsexklusivitet och förbättra leverantörsavtal, vilket i sin tur kan öka bruttovinsten.

Cette recherche a pour objet la compréhension des énoncés de problèmes arithmétiques complexes et leur résolution. Les problèmes complexes choisis combinent des problèmes simples de types Changement et Combinaison. Ce travail s’appuie sur le modèle de la Construction-Intégration de Kintsch. Les résultats montrent qu’il existe une relation entre le niveau d’expertise en compréhension de textes narratifs et la résolution des problèmes arithmétiques complexes. Comprendre un texte narratif ou un énoncé de problème complexe exige de la part des lecteurs la construction d’un réseau propositionnel hiérarchisé et les résultats suggèrent, entre autres, une sensibilité des élèves aux propositions textuelles et aux ellipses contenues dans les textes. La formation des macropropositions est un processus fondamental et les résultats montrent une relation entre le nombre d’objets contenus dans les énoncés de problème et la procédure préférentiellement choisie par les élèves. Ils suggèrent d’une part, la mise en oeuvre du processus de catégorisation au cours du processus de compréhension et d’autre part, l’affaiblissement des liaisons entre les macropropositions élaborées et le schéma de problème Parties-Tout qui leur sont liés. D’un point de vue pédagogique, les résultats montrent que les questions relatives à l’activation d’une part des concepts superordonnés et d’autre part des schémas de problèmes Parties-Tout ne sont pas à privilégier pour aider les élèves. Finalement, les connaissances du lecteur sont essentielles à la compréhension. Cet élément est confirmé ici et la compréhension des problèmes complexes nécessite des connaissances solides relativement aux problèmes arithmétiques simples. / This research deals with text comprehension processes and complex arithmetic word problems resolution by 9-10 years old children in Reunion Island based upon the CI model of Kintsch. The complex word arithmetic problems used in this research are a combination of Change simple problems and Combine simple problems. The results show a relation between subject’s level of expertise in narrative texts comprehension and complex arithmetic word problems resolution. In order to understand a narrative text or to resolve a complex arithmetic word problem, subjects have to elaborate a coherent hierarchical propositional network : bridging inferences and macropropositions are involved to achieve complex arithmetic word problems resolution too. More precisely, the results suggest children are sensitive to the number of propositions and to the ellipsises. Macropropositions formation is an integral process of reading. The results show a relation between number of objects in complex arithmetic problems and procedure naturally used by children to solve them. They suggest on the one hand, categorization processes are an integral part of reading and on the other hand, some links between macropropositions and arithmetic hypothesis become weaker. Consequently, questions about superordinate concepts and arithmetic hypothesis attached to them are not helpul to resolve complex arithmetic word problems. Finally, reader’s knowlegde is a key element of comprehension processes and to achieve complex arithmetic word problems, problem schemata about simple arithmetic word problems are crucial. The results show a relation between subject’s level of expertise in simple arithmetic word problems and complex arithmetic word problems resolution.

<p>In order to automate development of integration adapters in industrial<br />settings, a model-driven approach to adapter specification is devised. In this<br />approach, a domain-specific modeling language is created to allow<br />specification of mappings between integrated technical spaces. Also<br />proposed is the mapping automation engine that comprises reuse and<br />alignment algorithms. Based on mapping specifications, executable adapters<br />are automatically generated and executed. Results of approach evaluations<br />indicate that it is possible to use a model-driven approach to successfully<br />integrate technical spaces and increase the automation by reusing domainspecific<br />mappings from previously created adapters.</p> / <p>За потребе повећања степена аутоматизације развоја адаптера за<br />интеграцију у индустријском окружењу, осмишљен је моделом вођен<br />приступ развоју адаптера. У оквиру овог приступа развијен је наменски<br />језик за спецификацију пресликавања између техничких простора који су<br />предмет интеграције. Приступ обухвата и алгоритме за поравнање и<br />поновно искориштење претходно креираних пресликавања са циљем<br />аутоматизације процеса спецификације. На основу креираних<br />пресликавања, могуће je аутоматски генерисати извршиви код адаптера.<br />У испитивањима приступа, показано је да је могуће успешно применити<br />моделом вођен приступ у интеграцији техничких простора као и да је<br />могуће успешно повећати степен аутоматизације поновним<br />искоришћењем претходно креираних пресликавања.</p> / <p>Za potrebe povećanja stepena automatizacije razvoja adaptera za<br />integraciju u industrijskom okruženju, osmišljen je modelom vođen<br />pristup razvoju adaptera. U okviru ovog pristupa razvijen je namenski<br />jezik za specifikaciju preslikavanja između tehničkih prostora koji su<br />predmet integracije. Pristup obuhvata i algoritme za poravnanje i<br />ponovno iskorištenje prethodno kreiranih preslikavanja sa ciljem<br />automatizacije procesa specifikacije. Na osnovu kreiranih<br />preslikavanja, moguće je automatski generisati izvršivi kod adaptera.<br />U ispitivanjima pristupa, pokazano je da je moguće uspešno primeniti<br />modelom vođen pristup u integraciji tehničkih prostora kao i da je<br />moguće uspešno povećati stepen automatizacije ponovnim<br />iskorišćenjem prethodno kreiranih preslikavanja.</p>

環境惡化與經濟下行的壓力，讓中國各級政府必須尋求一條有別於過去的集約、創新、綠色的發展道路。在這種背景下，類似新能源汽車等兼具節能環保、產業轉型的一批戰略性新興產業開始興起；而地方在承接與發展這些產業時，則傾向於將產業的發展同地方的城市化相結合，採行「以產業為動力，以新城為依託，以生態為源泉」的產城融合模式。 本文通過實地田野調查對上海市嘉定區發展新能源汽車產業的案例進行研究並認為：地方政府為了應對外部發展環境的變化，選擇「把握發展主動權」引入新能源汽車產業，但其實質為把握地方不變的關鍵性資源，即土地開發權。憑藉新能源汽車所帶來的產業不確定性與「綠色共識」下發展正當性的橋接，地方政府獲得了更大的行為自主性與容錯空間，得以透過產業基地與國際示範區的建立帶動地方整體的空間轉型，進而謀取短期的土地開發利益；但產業發展的長期目標卻在這樣的過程中被推遲乃至消解。經由以上案例，本研究將揭示「產城融合」「城」大於「產」之本質，並深入討論綠色發展成為主流論述之下中國地方發展模式的轉變。 / Under the pressure of environmental deterioration and economic downturn, Chinese government have to seek to find a more intensified, innovative and environmental friendly (green) path to development, which differs from the inherent one. As a result, strategic emerging industries like New Energy Vehicles (NEVs) that bear the target of energy saving, environmental protection and industrial transformation start rising. For local governments who take main responsibility of acting, the way how they implement is to combine the industrial development with local urbanization process, which could be called as City-Industry Integration Model. This paper research the development of New Energy Vehicles in Jiading District, Shanghai Municipality and argues that in order to adapt to the changes of external conditions, local government chooses to “grasp the developmental initiative” to introduce the NEVs industry. However, the essence of the action is to grasp the changeless local key resources, which is the land development rights. Rely on the industrial uncertainty and the bridging of developmental legitimacy under Green Consensus, more autonomy and fault-tolerant space has been obtained by local government. Moreover, local officials could implement spatial transformation through the construction of industrial base and international demonstration area, and then gain short-term land development interests, which is in the cost of long-standing goal of industry booming. Overall, this research would reveal the fact that urbanization occupies a larger proportion than industrial development in the City-Industry Integration Model, and discuss the transformation of local developmental model in China under the new mainstream discourse of sustainable development.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:05:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4370.pdf: 1089392 bytes, checksum: 82daa0e51d37184f8864bd92d9342dde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / In bioinformatics, there is a huge volume of data related to biomolecules and to nucleotide and amino acid sequences that reside (in almost their totality) in several Biological Data Bases (BDBs). For a specific sequence, there are some informational classifications: genomic data, evolution-data, structural data, and others. Some BDBs store just one or some of these classifications. Those BDBs are hosted in different sites and servers, with several data base management systems with different data models. Besides, instances and schema might have semantic heterogeneity. In such scenario, the objective of this project is to propose a biological data integration model, that adopts new schema integration and instance integration techniques. The proposed integration model has a special mechanism of schema integration and another mechanism that performs the instance integration (with support of a dictionary) allowing conflict resolution in the attribute values; and a Clustering Algorithm is used in order to cluster similar entities. Besides, a domain specialist participates managing those clusters. The proposed model was validated through a study case focusing on schema and instance integration about nucleotide sequence data from organisms of Actinomyces gender, captured from four different data sources. The result is that about 97.91% of the attributes were correctly categorized in the schema integration, and the instance integration was able to identify that about 50% of the clusters created need support from a specialist, avoiding errors on the instance resolution. Besides, some contributions are presented, as the Attributes Categorization, the Clustering Algorithm, the distance functions proposed and the proposed model itself. / Na bioinformática, existe um imenso volume de dados sendo produzidos, os quais estão relacionados a sequências de nucleotídeos e aminoácidos que se encontram, em quase a sua totalidade, armazenados em Bancos de Dados Biológicos (BDBs). Para uma determinada sequência existem algumas classificações de informação: dados genômicos, dados evolutivos, dados estruturais, dentre outros. Existem BDBs que armazenam somente uma ou algumas dessas classificações. Tais BDBs estão hospedados em diferentes sites e servidores, com sistemas gerenciadores de banco de dados distintos e com uso de diferentes modelos de dados, além de terem instâncias e esquemas com heterogeneidade semântica. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo deste projeto de mestrado é propor um Modelo de Integração de Dados Biológicos, com novas técnicas de integração de esquemas e integração de instâncias. O modelo de integração proposto possui um mecanismo especial de integração de esquemas, e outro mecanismo que realiza a integração de instâncias de dados (com um dicionário acoplado) permitindo resolução de conflitos nos valores dos atributos; e um Algoritmo de Clusterização é utilizado, com o objetivo de realizar o agrupamento de entidades similares. Além disso, o especialista de domínio participa do gerenciamento desses agrupamentos. Esse modelo foi validado por meio de um estudo de caso com ênfase na integração de esquemas e integração de instâncias com dados de sequências de nucleotídeos de genes de organismos do gênero Actinomyces, provenientes de quatro diferentes fontes de dados. Como resultado, obteve-se que aproximadamente 97,91% dos atributos foram categorizados corretamente na integração de esquemas e a integração de instâncias conseguiu identificar que aproximadamente 50% dos clusters gerados precisam de tratamento do especialista, evitando erros de resolução de entidades. Além disso, algumas contribuições são apresentadas, como por exemplo a Categorização de Atributos, o Algoritmo de Clusterização, as funções de distância propostas e o modelo MIDB em si.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Ricardo Bechlin.pdf: 1893283 bytes, checksum: a7f2ccf93b5f041e48cad5f54ae2c859 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-26 / This research is mainly aimed to assess from a multidimensional perspective that considers varying political, social, economic and technological integration of the stages of the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) in 1998 and 2008. The theoretical framework includes topics of the theory of regional economic integration; historical process of economic integration in Latin America; history of the formation process of MERCOSUR and its current situation. The methodology used was the Global Dimension of Regional Integration Model considering a total of 90 variables with 18 political, 16 social, 46 economic and technological 10. For each of the States Parties and Associates were calculated Global Regional Development Index and Regional Global Development, and through them we obtained the value for the Regional Integration Stage Index to the MERCOSUR, which is equal to 0.57037 in 1998 and 0.62222 in 2008, framing it as an integration process in development. Analyzing the indexes for each of the States Parties and Associates notes to uneven development between 1998 and 2008 Brazil showed a more than proportional growth in relation to other countries in all areas surveyed. The conclusion is that although the bloc's integration has improved, the effects obtained were not distributed equally among the countries given their heterogeneity. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo central avaliar a partir de uma perspectiva multidimensional que considera variáveis políticas, sociais, econômicas e tecnológicas, os estágios da integração do Mercado Comum do Sul (MERCOSUL) nos anos de 1998 e 2008. O referencial teórico compreende tópicos sobre a teoria da integração econômica regional; processo histórico da integração econômica na América Latina; histórico do processo de formação do MERCOSUL e sua situação atual. A metodologia utilizada foi o Modelo da Dimensão Global da Integração Regional considerando um total de 90 variáveis sendo 18 políticas, 16 sociais, 46 econômicas e 10 tecnológicas. Para cada um dos Estados Partes e Associados foram calculados o Índice Global de Desenvolvimento Regional e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Global Regional e, através destes obteve-se o valor referente ao Estágio de Integração Regional para o MERCOSUL, sendo este igual a 0,57037 em 1998 e a 0,62222 em 2008, enquadrando o mesmo como um processo integracionista em desenvolvimento. Analisando os índices para cada um dos Estados Partes e Associados constata-se um desenvolvimento desigual entre 1998 e 2008 apresentando o Brasil um crescimento mais que proporcional em relação aos demais países em todas as áreas analisadas. Conclui-se que embora a integração do bloco tenha apresentado avanços, os efeitos obtidos não se distribuíram de forma igualitária entre os países dada sua heterogeneidade.