La responsabilité des intermédiaires d'Internet fait débat dans un univers numérique de plus en plus complexe. Les intermédiaires offrent des services en ligne. Ils créent ou facilitent des transactions entre des parties tierces (hébergement, e-commerce, fournisseurs d'accès…). A la fin des années 1990, un consensus s'est établi sur l'instauration d'une responsabilité limitée pour ces acteurs, dans le but de favoriser leur développement ainsi que celui d'Internet par des externalités croisées. Cependant, l'apparition régulière de nouveaux usages a induit des externalités négatives affectant certains agents économiques. La multiplication récente de décisions de jurisprudence parfois contradictoires, en particulier dans le domaine de la propriété intellectuelle, vient désormais remettre en cause cette exemption. Elle fait naître un risque juridique pour les intermédiaires d'Internet. Ces-derniers doivent alors prendre en compte ce nouveau contexte dans leurs modèles d'affaires. Notre recherche étudie les comportements spécifiques que la responsabilité des intermédiaires d'Internet engendre à travers l'exemple de la propriété intellectuelle. En premier lieu nous décrivons l'évolution historique de cette responsabilité. Nous développons ensuite un modèle théorique simple qui explore l'influence du risque légal dans un contexte de concurrence entre un intermédiaire et un ayant droit du copyright. Enfin nous étendons ce modèle de concurrence aux différents comportements de protection que peuvent choisir les intermédiaires. / Internet intermediaries' liability is a rising issue in a more and more complex digital environment. Intermediaries provide online services. They create or facilitate transactions between third parties (hosting, online shops, ISPs...). At the end of the 1990s, a limited liability has been established for these actors with the aim of developing intermediaries and Internet through cross externalities. However, the arrivals of new uses and functions have created negative externalities for some economic agents. The new increase of case law sometimes contradictory, in particular for intellectual property rights, questions this exemption. It creates legal risk for Internet intermediaries. Thus, they have to take into account this new situation in their business models. This thesis studies specific behaviors that Internet intermediaries' liability creates with the example of intellectual property rights. First we describe the historic evolution of this liability. Then we develop a simple theoretical model in order to explore the influence of legal risk when there is competition between an intermediary and a copyright holder. Finally, the model is extended to take into account avoidance activities of Internet intermediaries.

Pas de résumé / Doctorat en droit / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Criminal aspects of infringement of Intellectual Property Rights Intellectual property directly relates to the development of society and economy. Higher level of legal protection provided by the State affects the creation of intellectual property objects, since creators are motivated to create in legal environment which provides them with adequate means of rights protection. This thesis lays down an analysis of the means of the Intellectual Property Rights protection in order to determine their level of the protection in the Czech Republic. The author compares civil, administrative and criminal means of protection of copyright and related rights, and industrial rights, and draws attention to their advantages and disadvantages, to gaps and inconsistencies in law, and in appropriate places inserts suggestions de lege ferenda. The thesis addresses not only individuals but also with legal entities, which are also able to infringe protected rights. The thesis concentrates on criminal aspects of Intellectual Property Rights infringement and this issue is therefore the major part of the thesis. Since the criminal law is the most stringent means in the hands of the state, the author explores its role in protecting Intellectual Property Rights. The thesis addresses in detail four crimes against industrial...

No comprehensive and systematic information about the multi-disciplinary, multi-functional technology licensing domain in South Africa was available. Yet South Africa was a net in-licensor paying royalties several times that received; its National Innovation Policy had as an important aim increasing technology linkages among firms; and licensing is widely recognized as a tool for technology transfer. Therefore a profile of technology licensing practices and the interaction between them, company and company milieu was obtained from South African manufacturing companies in all industry sectors through a cross-sectional exploratory survey by written questionnaire. Empirically established morphologies of the companies, of select aspects of their management and technology management practices, of their regulatory and enabling environment and of their technology licensing practices and preferences are presented. Attention is drawn to ostensibly disturbing phenomena and recommendations are made towards research to clarify several aspects and to improve licensing. Learned authors have proposed mechanisms to improve licensing and its management. The question whether the influence of characteristics so postulated as drivers can be measured, confirmed and quantified arose and insights into postulated organisational, transactional and contextual drivers of licensing were simultaneously obtained and are presented for further consideration. These include pioneering and following, risk taking and conservatism, intensity of use of national innovation funding, involvement in co-development and offset/countertrade, international experience, travel, management education, use of information, awareness of tacit information, attention to technology strategy and forward planning, intellectual property strategy, research and development and awareness of competitors’ successes, failures and licensing activities. Only companies that had or had had at least one patent or application or licence agreement were included to attempt to ensure the presence of some relevant knowledge. Statutory bodies, science councils, universities, merchants, the retail trade, technology brokers and individuals such as inventors were excluded. More than 300 initially selected companies were contacted by telephone to ensure qualification and to elicit cooperation and 188 questionnaires were sent out. In all 93 questionnaires were returned and 81 statistically processed. Of the sample population 65% of respondents had licences. The sample average was 3,3 licences with the ratio of in- to out-licences at 1,7. Licence density with Europe was highest at 35% and within South Africa 31%. Out-licensing to Africa by the building materials and components, chemicals including paper and textiles and healthcare sectors was evident. Intellectual property is mostly deployed in deterrence and monopolisation roles. Its planning seems to be neglected and further research into this and technology management strategy aspects within the broader framework of deployment of intellectual property is suggested. In-licensing is driven by the need to obtain and hold market share through access to future and substitution of direct sales. Fear of revealing own know-how was notable as an inhibitor of out-licensing. Signs that South Africa could be characterised as technology colony were found; together with signs of emancipation. Lack of technology volume could be constraining licensing development and exploitation. Early indications are that postulated determinant characteristics do have an effect and that this can be measured. / Thesis (PhD (Technology Management))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Graduate School of Technology Management (GSTM) / Unrestricted

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (DPhil (Information Science))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Information Science / unrestricted

From 2008-2012, the Harper government engaged in an effort to reform Canada's copyright legislation. This thesis uses a frame analysis approach to identify two distinct frames advanced by the government during this reform. 2008's Bill C-61 was unsuccessfully framed as a "Made-in-Canada" bill in order to combat opposition claims that American pressure unduly influenced the policy process. Following the failure of this bill, the government embarked on a public consultation on copyright. Although the government did not substantively modify subsequent reform bills, it was able to leverage the consultation process and Supreme Court of Canada jurisprudence to lend legitimacy to its new frame of the reform as a "balanced approach", build a coalition of support, and mitigate opposition. The thesis' analysis supports key conclusions of existing framing literature and creates a space for the role of ideas in the study of copyright reform in Canada.

The diploma thesis deals with chosen aspects of the trade mark registration with the view to the current and also previous Czech legislation, the Community trade mark and the international trade mark. It compares the requirements imposed not only by the public regulations but also by obligatory rules of trade mark offices on the applicant and it keeps under review the amount of administrative demands of the trade mark registration according to respective systems. The work concentrates on possibilities of the information sources relating to the trade mark registration, on formalities of the correct and complete submission of the trade mark application, on possible ways of communication with offices and on the formal and absolute ground examination.

Patent pools are agreements between patent holders to license their rights to central entity and then to sale these licenses to third parties. In the Czech Republic there is no such cooperation between firms. In this thesis I would like to describe this phenomenon to Czech public and firms. The othel goal is to find out if this cooperation is efficient.

The thesis is focused on the intangible assets, particularly trademarks. In the beginning it deals with the classification of intangible assets and its conception by the Czech legislation and International Valuation Standards. The main part of the work relates to trademark legislation, classification by various criteria and functions. It gets on with a description of the valuating methods. Practical part includes the valuation of trademarks in a concrete example.

La contrefaçon de la propriété intellectuelle constitue l'un des sujets d'actualité les plus marquants de nos jours. Un tel phénomène n'épargne à l'heure actuelle aucun pays et l'on se demande de quelle manière pourrait-on protéger la propriété intellectuelle, dans une ère où la contrefaçon peut atteindre tous les secteurs intellectuels. Au rebours du droit français qu'est assez avancé en ce domaine, le droit marocain y compris la jurisprudence marocaine quand bien même inspirée de la législation française ne sont qu'au stade du balbutiement. A cet égard, nous avons scindé notre thèse en deux parties, la première est consacrée aux éléments constitutifs de contrefaçon de propriété intellectuelle à savoir, les éléments constitutifs de la contrefaçon de propriété intellectuelle de la manière suivante. Après une introduction, le premier chapitre expose l'élément matériel (un comportement frauduleux) de contrefaçon en matière industrielle et en droit d'auteur et droits voisins. Le second chapitre présente un élément moral (la connaissance d'agir mal), le troisième chapitre traite l'élément légal (un texte de loi). Dans la deuxième partie, on a étudié, la procédure de lutte contre la contrefaçon de propriété intellectuelle, dans un premier temps on a traité la constatation préalable des faits de contrefaçon (Chapitre I), puis le déclenchement de la procédure de lutte contre la contrefaçon (Chapitre II) avant de nous attarder sur les mesures de lutte contre la contrefaçon de propriété intellectuelle (Chapitre III). / Our days, Counterfeiting of intellectual property is one of the most significant subject. Such a phenomenon touchs at present all countries and we wonder how can we preserve intellectual property in Morocco, in this era where counterfeiting can reach all intellectuals sectors. Contrary to French law which is quite advanced in this area, Moroccan law including Moroccan case law, inspired by French law are at the stage of babbling, in  this regard, we have split our thesis in two parts .The first part focuses on the elements of infringement of intellectual property, as follows. After an introduction, the first chapter outlines the physical element of counterfeiting industrial matters and copyright and neighboring rights. The second chapter presents a moral element , the third chapter deals with the legal element (a law). In the second part, we have studied how to fight against counterfeiting of intellectual property, initially was treated prior determination of the facts of infringement (Chapter I), then the start of the procedure against counterfeiting (Chapter II) before dealing with  measures against infringement of intellectual property rights (Chapter III).