Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_elda.pdf: 17191274 bytes, checksum: 11d070cbb636a253140564c947cecbc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-26 / Before the recognition of the fact that, as a social activity, language developed through interpersonal relationships and social practices, conducting textual, oral or written, interactional features brands that establish a direct involvement between the interlocutors is that this work was conducted in order to study the interaction between speaker / author and alocutário / student textbook in the Portuguese Language, marked by the presence or absence of evidence of interactivity in commands the activities of writing from the perspective of qualitative analysis. This study was based on dialogical conception proposed by Bakhtin (1992), (1999); Geraldi (2003), the theoretical approach of socio-discursive interactionism (BRONCKART, 2003) and in research Marcuschi (2001), (2008) that advocate the dialogic action of language. As a resource for this analysis, we used a collection of Portuguese Language Elementary School 5th-8th grade, titled "Project Araribá - (Org Editora Moderna, 2006), for being the most widely adopted by schools of public schools in municipality of Escada - PE in 2008 and to show how one of the guiding principles of the design language that relies on interaction with other students and with writing. As a procedure of analysis, it was a survey of proposals and controls of production in each book to see if they had characteristics of engagement between the author and his interlocutor-student, checked for possible linguistic forms interactive. Later she did an analysis on each series to see if the collection bears marks of interactivity in commands to produce a more or less equivalent in all series or if there are considerable differences between them. The analysis results showed immediately that the relationship between the interlocutors in the communicative textbook generally unidirectional characteristic features, namely the speaker-author commands and alocutário-student fulfills the order, indicating a certain distance between the interlocutors. However, when analyzing the textual commands of production, it was noticed the presence of linguistic elements with interactive character, indicating a close relationship between the interlocutors in the communicative process. In short, we can say that the marks of interactivity in the writing act as operators of cognitive orientation, suggesting prospects for interpretation by the clerk. Those brands, and are loaded with stylistic value, are forms of action with language that can make proposals, establish contracts and placements to define a more precise and communicative interaction between the author and effective student / player in mediating the activity of writing the textbook / Diante do reconhecimento do fato de que, sendo a língua uma atividade social desenvolvida através das relações interpessoais e em práticas sociais, a realização textual, oral ou escrita, apresenta marcas interacionais que estabelecem um envolvimento direto entre os interlocutores, é que se realizou esta pesquisa, a fim de se estudar a interação entre locutor/autor e alocutário/aluno no livro didático de Língua Portuguesa, marcada pela presença ou ausência de indícios de interatividade nos comandos das atividades de produção textual, numa perspectiva de análise qualitativa. Este estudo fundamentou-se na concepção dialógica proposta por Bakhtin (1992), (1999); Geraldi (2003); na abordagem teórica do interacionismo sócio-discursivo (BRONCKART, 2003) e nas pesquisas de Marcuschi (2001), (2008) que defendem a ação dialógica da linguagem. Como recurso para esta análise, foi utilizada a coleção de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental de 5ª a 8ª série, intitulada Projeto Araribá (Org. Editora Moderna, 2006), por ter sido a mais adotada pelas escolas da rede pública de ensino no município de Escada - PE em 2008 e por apresentar como um dos princípios norteadores a concepção de língua que se apoia na interação do aluno com o outro e com a escrita. Como procedimento de análise, fez-se um levantamento das propostas e comandos de produção em cada livro a fim de perceber se estas apresentavam características de envolvimento entre o autor e seu interlocutor-aluno, marcada por possíveis formas lingüísticas interativas. Posteriormente fez-se uma análise em cada série para perceber se a coleção apresenta marcas de interatividade nos comandos de produção de forma mais ou menos equivalente em todas as séries ou se existem diferenças consideráveis entre elas. Os resultados da análise demonstraram, de imediato, que a relação comunicativa entre os interlocutores no livro didático de modo geral, apresenta característica unidirecional, ou seja, o locutor-autor ordena e o alocutário-aluno cumpre ordem, sinalizando um certo distanciamento entre os interlocutores. No entanto, ao analisar os comandos de produção de textual, percebeu-se a presença de elementos linguísticos com caráter interativo, apontando para uma relação de proximidade entre os interlocutores no processo comunicativo. Em suma, podemos dizer que as marcas de interatividade na escrita atuam como operadores de orientação cognitiva, sugerindo perspectivas de interpretação por parte do escrevente. Essas marcas, além de serem carregadas de valor estilístico, são formas de ação com a linguagem que podem fazer propostas, estabelecerem contratos e definirem posicionamentos para uma interação comunicativa mais precisa e eficaz entre o autor e o aluno/leitor na mediação das atividades de produção textual no livro didático

This study, as well as others, have found that teachers have attitudes and perceptions about their students that could significantly impact the students' education.

This study tested the hypothesis that the combination of teachers' sense of efficacy, and teacher motivation predicts student participatory behavior, and that teacher behaviors mediate this relationship. This study consists of two parts: surveying community college instructors and observing instructors' lectures and student participation.

The need for successful grouping of children in the primary school has been personally felt by the writer of this paper many times in her own classroom. In the years that have passed, some groups have seemed to progress quite satisfactorily in total development, while others have seemed disappointingly slow. Some groups have worked in almost perfect harmony while others have been in conflict. What dynamics were at work that contributed to successful grouping? What forces had retarded desirable growth? Much has been written recently about successful grouping of children. Enlightening evidences of good grouping practices have been reported. While some actual research studies have been conducted, most of the literature sampled reported opinions or individual suggestions for practice. The plan for this paper is to summarize the literature reviewed in the light of grouping according to the needs of children. / "A Paper." / Typescript. / "Submitted to the Graduate Council of Florida State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science." / Advisor: W. Edwards, Professor Directing Paper. / Includes bibliographical references.

The study investigates the potential of teacher talk in enhancing learner capacity to negotiate learning, premised on a view of classroom interaction as guided construction of knowledge. It examines the extent to which levels of oracy - essentially, awareness of the language of instruction, and the ability to use it more effectively - can be raised by exposing teachers to an in-service distance education language-based course. The main research questions are: a. What are the effects of the course in classroom text and discourse on oracy in the high school classroom? b. How can the quality of classroom discourse be assessed in a relatively systematic and objective manner? With regard to the second question, an analytical framework was developed that defined three key constructs in terms of discourse acts, namely teacher dominance, teacher effectiveness and learner initiative, and these constructs formed the basis of the three hypotheses. Patterns of interaction in English, mathematics and geography classes during the first year of high school in Harare, Zimbabwe (main study) and Zomba, Malawi (supplementary study) were analysed. The Zimbabwe study used a pretest-posttest control group design, with six teachers in the experimental group and three as controls, while the Malawi study used a posttest-only control group design with three teachers in each group. The experimental groups took part in an intervention programme known as the Litraid Project, a course on classroom text and discourse. The findings, interpreted both quantitatively and qualitatively, showed that after intervention the experimental group teachers dominated classrooms less and used discourse input more consciously and effectively. Similarly, their learners showed improved ability to negotiate learning, as reflected in their heightened levels of initiative and discourse output, both in class and group discussion. Hence the conclusion that classroom praxis, specifically in English second language situations, benefits from a conscious enhancement of oracy, leading to more effective teaching and learning. / Linguistics / D.Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

In South Africa students from disadvantaged educational backgrounds enrol at institutions of higher learning underprepared for the academic work expected of them. One reason for this is that English in South Africa is primarily an urban language and both Black children and teachers, especially in rural areas, lack sufficient exposure to it (Lemmer 1995) and at tertiary institutions students are expected to communicate efficiently in the language of instruction. The real-world problem at issue is ultimately the need for these students studying through the medium of English to develop their ability to participate actively in tutorials to improve both their academic understanding and their spoken discourse competence, which includes the ‘highly complex task of participating in talk-in-interaction’ (Dalton-Puffer 2007:280). Underlying the present study, then, is the conviction that through frequent interaction in the language of instruction, students will not only gain competence in speaking skills, but also deepen and expand their knowledge of their subject areas. This conviction led to the introduction of tutorials on a trial basis in my department and the study sought to develop a framework for analysing patterns of interaction in the tutorials that would also address the question of how the quality of such patterns might be assessed. The main construct investigated was ‘participation effectiveness’ (the quantity of speaker discourse acts and turns and speaker initiative at discourse act and turn-taking levels) and the overall findings indicated that third-year students participated more effectively than first-years; females performed better than males; and males in male-led tutorials used more discourse acts than females; while females in female-led tutorials did better than males. The analyses of effects of tutor discourse behaviour on student participation revealed that the types of questions tutors used and how they were combined were strong determinants of students' participation effectiveness. Although the approach of the study is essentially quantitative, the operationalisation of this main construct's two key components, namely 'participation' and 'initiative', forms a basis for also deriving more qualitative insights into this academically very important genre of spoken discourse. / Linguistics / D. Litt. et Phil. (Linguistics)

Thesis (M.Ed.(Socio-Ed.))--University of South Africa, 2002.

Thesis (D.Litt. et Phil.)--Universiteit van Suid-Afrika, 2002.

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Science in Information Technology in Education