Orientador: Sandro Roberto Valentini / Co-orientador: Cleslei Fernando Zanelli / Banca: Alexandra Ivo de Medeiros / Banca: Andréia Machado Leopoldino / Banca: Mari Cleide Sogayar / Banca: Érico Tosoni Costa / Resumo: A proteína MxA humana é membro da superfamília de GTPases dinaminas. De maneira geral, as chamadas proteínas Mx estão presentes na grande maioria dos organismos vertebrados, estudados até o momento, e possuem dois domínios estruturais, chamados GTPase e CID-GED (stalk), além da capacidade de homooligomerização e associação com membranas intracelulares. Além disso, as proteínas Mx são produzidas unicamente após a sensibilização celular por interferons do tipo I e III. Entre as propriedades funcionais de MxA, destaca-se a sua vasta atividade contra diferentes vírus de RNA e DNA, incluindo o vírus influenza e membros da família dos buniavírus. Além disso, o silenciamento gênico de MxA está associado ao fenótipo de imortalização celular em uma série de neoplasias. Assim, MxA desperta o interesse por ser uma das proteínas chave nas respostas mediadas por interferons e por estar envolvida no controle da proliferação celular. Recentemente, por meio de rastreamento de duplo-híbrido, utilizando uma biblioteca de cDNA preparada a partir de cérebro fetal humano, foi possível mostrar que MxA interage com fatores envolvidos no processo de SUMOilação de proteínas e na formação de corpúsculos nucleares denominados PMLNB e com uma série de proteínas relacionadas com o controle da transcrição e apoptose. Neste estudo, foi investigada a interação entre MxA e as proteínas envolvidas nos processo de SUMOilação. Assim, foi possível confirmar a interação física entre a proteína MxA e os ligantes Ubc9 e SUMO1, por ensaios de coimunoprecipitação. A seguir, através de ensaios de duplo-híbrido, foi possível determinar que a região EIL (E67-interacting Loop) de SUMO1 e o domínio CID-GED de MxA estão envolvidos na interação entre essas proteínas e que esta interação independe de sequências SIM (SUMO-interacting motif) presentes em MxA. Ainda, foi possível determinar que Ubc9 interage diretamente com ... / Abstract: The human MxA protein is a member of the superfamily of GTPases dynamins. The so called Mx proteins are present in the majority of the vertebrate organisms investigated so far and contain two structural domains, named GTPase and CID-GED (stalk), besides the capabilities of homo-oligomerization and association with intracellular membranes. Moreover, the Mx proteins are strictly produced upon cell sensibilization with type I and III interferons. The vast antiviral activity against RNA and DNA viruses, including the Influenza virus and members of the bunyaviridae family, is among the functional properties of MxA. Moreover, MX1 epigenetic silencing is associated with cellular immortalization in neoplasias. Therefore, the study of MxA is of great interest as it is a key component of the Interferon-mediated pathways and cell proliferation control. Recentely, in a two-hybrid screen using a fetal brain cDNA library, it was possible to reveal that MxA interacts with proteins related to the post-translational modification process named SUMOylation and to the assemble of the nuclear bodies named PML-NBs and with proteins implicated in the control of transcription and apoptose. In this study, it was investigated the interaction between MxA and the components of the protein SUMOylation pathway. It was possible to confirm the physical interaction between MxA and Ubc9 and SUMO1, using co-immunopreciptation assay. Then, using the yeast two-hybrid system, it was possible to determine that the EIL (E67-interacting loop) region on SUMO1 interacts with the CID-GED domain of MxA without the requirement of the SIM sequences (SUMO-interacting motif) present in MxA. Moreover, it was determined that Ubc9 interacts with the GTPase domain of MxA and that MxA homo-oligomerization is important for its interaction with SUMO1 and Ubc9. Also, we were able to demonstrate for the first time that the protein MxA undergoes SUMOylation by SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3. Finally, it ... / Doutor

O tratamento da hepatite crônica C, uma combinação de interferon alfa peguilado e ribavirina (PEG-IFN/RBV), apresenta baixas taxas de resposta virológica sustentada (SVR) em pacientes portadores do vírus da hepatite C (HCV). Fatores como o genótipo do vírus, a carga viral e características do hospedeiro estão envolvidos com o sucesso da terapia. Os fatores do hospedeiro, especialmente os imunológicos e genéticos, parecem ter um papel importante no resultado do tratamento da hepatite C. Este estudo foi elaborado com o objetivo de investigar a associação entre polimorfismos de base única (SNP) nos genes da interleucina-28B (IL28B), interleucina-10 (IL10), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNFα) e proteína de resistência ao Myxovirus 1 (MxA) com a resposta virológica de pacientes com hepatite C crônica. No estudo foram incluídos 299 pacientes infectados com HCV genótipo 1, em tratamento com PEG-IFN/RBV, no centro de aplicação e monitorização de medicamentos injetáveis (CAMMI), em Porto Alegre, RS. A identificação dos SNPs foi realizada através da técnica de PCR, seguida de sequenciamento. Através da montagem de um banco de dados com informações epidemiológicas e genéticas, análises estatísticas foram realizadas comparando os SNPs analisados com resultados da terapia antiviral em 114 pacientes que tiveram SVR e em 149 que não responderam ao tratamento. As distribuições dos polimorfismos dos genes IL28B e TNFα, mas não dos outros, foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos de resposta ao tratamento. Após o tratamento com PEG-IFN/RBV, o genótipo CC do gene IL28B foi associado com maior taxa de SVR e menor taxa de recidiva, quando comparado com os demais genótipos (CT e TT), 76% vs 38% e 17% vs 40%, respectivamente. Os alelos A dos dois polimorfismos estudados do gene TNFα foram significativamente associados à ausência de resposta virológica (51,3% vs 24,0% na posição -308, e 62,1% vs 23,9% na posição –238, P < 0.001). / Chronic hepatitis C treatment, a combination of pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV), presents low rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Factors such as the virus genotype, viral load and host characteristics are involved with successful therapy. Host factors, especially the immunological and genetic, seem to have an important role in the treatment outcome. This study was designed with the objective to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin-28B (IL28B), interleukin-10 (IL10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) genes with the virologic response in chronic hepatitis C patients. The study included 299 infected patients with HCV genotype 1, in treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV. The SNPs identification of was performed by PCR, followed by DNA sequencing. In a database with informations genetic and epidemiological, statistical analyzes were performed comparing the SNPs analyzed with results of antiviral therapy in 114 patients who had SVR and 149 non responders. The distributions of IL28B and TNFα gene polymorphisms, but not the other, were statistically different between the groups of treatment response. After treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV the IL28B CC genotype was associated with higher rates of SVR and lower relapse rate when compared with other genotypes (CT and TT), 76% vs 38% and 17% vs. 40%, respectively. Carrying the A allele at one or both TNFα gene polymorphisms was significantly associated with a null virological response to treatment (51.3% vs. 24.0% at position -308 and 62.1% vs. 23.9% at position -238, P < 0.001).

O tratamento da hepatite crônica C, uma combinação de interferon alfa peguilado e ribavirina (PEG-IFN/RBV), apresenta baixas taxas de resposta virológica sustentada (SVR) em pacientes portadores do vírus da hepatite C (HCV). Fatores como o genótipo do vírus, a carga viral e características do hospedeiro estão envolvidos com o sucesso da terapia. Os fatores do hospedeiro, especialmente os imunológicos e genéticos, parecem ter um papel importante no resultado do tratamento da hepatite C. Este estudo foi elaborado com o objetivo de investigar a associação entre polimorfismos de base única (SNP) nos genes da interleucina-28B (IL28B), interleucina-10 (IL10), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNFα) e proteína de resistência ao Myxovirus 1 (MxA) com a resposta virológica de pacientes com hepatite C crônica. No estudo foram incluídos 299 pacientes infectados com HCV genótipo 1, em tratamento com PEG-IFN/RBV, no centro de aplicação e monitorização de medicamentos injetáveis (CAMMI), em Porto Alegre, RS. A identificação dos SNPs foi realizada através da técnica de PCR, seguida de sequenciamento. Através da montagem de um banco de dados com informações epidemiológicas e genéticas, análises estatísticas foram realizadas comparando os SNPs analisados com resultados da terapia antiviral em 114 pacientes que tiveram SVR e em 149 que não responderam ao tratamento. As distribuições dos polimorfismos dos genes IL28B e TNFα, mas não dos outros, foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos de resposta ao tratamento. Após o tratamento com PEG-IFN/RBV, o genótipo CC do gene IL28B foi associado com maior taxa de SVR e menor taxa de recidiva, quando comparado com os demais genótipos (CT e TT), 76% vs 38% e 17% vs 40%, respectivamente. Os alelos A dos dois polimorfismos estudados do gene TNFα foram significativamente associados à ausência de resposta virológica (51,3% vs 24,0% na posição -308, e 62,1% vs 23,9% na posição –238, P < 0.001). / Chronic hepatitis C treatment, a combination of pegylated alpha interferon and ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV), presents low rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Factors such as the virus genotype, viral load and host characteristics are involved with successful therapy. Host factors, especially the immunological and genetic, seem to have an important role in the treatment outcome. This study was designed with the objective to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin-28B (IL28B), interleukin-10 (IL10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and myxovirus resistance protein 1 (MxA) genes with the virologic response in chronic hepatitis C patients. The study included 299 infected patients with HCV genotype 1, in treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV. The SNPs identification of was performed by PCR, followed by DNA sequencing. In a database with informations genetic and epidemiological, statistical analyzes were performed comparing the SNPs analyzed with results of antiviral therapy in 114 patients who had SVR and 149 non responders. The distributions of IL28B and TNFα gene polymorphisms, but not the other, were statistically different between the groups of treatment response. After treatment with PEG-IFN/RBV the IL28B CC genotype was associated with higher rates of SVR and lower relapse rate when compared with other genotypes (CT and TT), 76% vs 38% and 17% vs. 40%, respectively. Carrying the A allele at one or both TNFα gene polymorphisms was significantly associated with a null virological response to treatment (51.3% vs. 24.0% at position -308 and 62.1% vs. 23.9% at position -238, P < 0.001).

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No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Cláudia Maria de Melo Silva.pdf: 2215806 bytes, checksum: c9afeecd5c357af061e1b38a8a31df56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-28 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and remains a major worldwide public health problem, leading to almost 1.45 million deaths annually. The state of Amazonas has a high rate incidence of TB, about 68.3/100,000 inhabitants in 2012. Only 5 to 10% of infected individuals develop active TB. It has been suggested that host factors determine the immune response to pathogen. Thus, many immunogenetic researches have demonstrated TB associated genes, but in the north region, research in this field is still rare. This fact motivated the investigation of polymorphisms for IFNG, IL12B, CD80 and CD86 genes, which codify proteins for cellular immune response. Furthermore, IFN- concentration and its relation with genotypes found have been verified. A total of 177 patients and 224 controls (159 contacts and 65 non-contacts) were included in this study and DNA sequencing was performed for genes IFNG (SNP +874A/T and microsatellite +875), IL12B (SNPs +1030C/T, +1188A/C and +1254T/G), CD80 (SNPs -454 C/A, -387 T/C, -232 G/A, -79 C/G, -7T/C, +5C/A and an indel polymorphism -557_-561insCATGA) and CD86 (SNPs +1057G/A and +1079G/A). The IFN-y concentration was determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. At IFNG, the presence of the allele +874A and the allele with 15 CA repeats were associated with susceptibility to pulmonary TB, while the allele +874T and the allele with 12 CA repeats were associated with protection from pulmonary TB. In addition, an association between genotype CC (SNP +1188A/C at IL12B) and increased risk of pulmonary TB was found. Furthermore, a significant difference between IFN- concentration and genotypes of SNP +1188A/C at IL12B and microsatellite at IFNG was observed, with decrease of IFN-at genotype CC and 15 CA repeats respectively. These outcomes lead to a better understanding of the immune response regulation for TB and help to determine the genetic profile of the Amazon population. Future researches are still needed for a better understanding of the role of other genes involved in the immune response to M. tuberculosis and their influence at the production of citokines like IFN-. / A Tuberculose (TB) é uma infecção crônica causada pelo complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis sendo um importante problema de saúde pública mundial, levando a aproximadamente 1,45 milhões de mortes a cada ano. O estado do Amazonas possui uma alta incidência desta doença, atingindo 68,3 casos por 100 mil habitantes em 2012. Dos indivíduos infectados pelo bacilo, cerca de 5 a 10% desenvolvem a Tuberculose ativa, sugerindo que há fatores associados ao hospedeiro que determinam o destino da resposta imune ao patógeno. Neste contexto, diversos estudos em imunogenética têm demonstrado genes associados à TB, mas na região norte ainda são raras as pesquisas nesta área, fato que motivou a investigação da frequência dos polimorfismos nos genes IFNG, IL12B, CD80 e CD86, que codificam para proteínas fundamentais na resposta imune celular. Além disso, foi verificado se a concentração de IFN- está relacionada com o genótipo encontrado. Foram incluídas amostras de 177 pacientes e 224 controles (159 contatos e 65 não contatos) e realizado sequenciamento de DNA para os genes IFNG (SNP +874A/T e microssatélite +875), IL12B (SNPs +1030C/T, +1188A/C e +1254T/G), CD80 (SNPs -454 C/A, -387 T/C, -232 G/A, -79 C/G, -7T/C e +5C/A e um polimorfismo indel -557_-561insCATGA) e CD86 (SNPs +1057G/A e +1079G/A). A determinação das concentrações de IFN-foi realizada através de ensaio imunoenzimático. Foi verificada uma associação do gene IFNG, entre a presença do alelo +874A e 15 repetições CA, como fator de risco para TB pulmonar assim como a presença do alelo +874T e 12 repetições CA como fatores de proteção contra TB pulmonar. Também foi encontrada uma associação do genótipo CC, do SNP +1188A/C no gene IL12B, como fator de risco ao desenvolvimento da TB pulmonar. Houve diferença significativa na concentração de IFN-entre os genótipos do SNP +1188A/C no gene IL12B e o microssatélite no gene IFNG, com menor produção no genótipo CC e 15 repetições CA respectivamente. Estes resultados contribuem para o melhor entendimento da regulação na resposta imune à TB e auxilia na determinação do perfil genético da população da região Amazônica. Estudos futuros são necessários para uma melhor compreensão do papel de outros genes envolvidos na resposta imunológica a M. tuberculosis e influência nos níveis de produção de citocinas como IFN-.

Orientador: Antonio Condino Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T19:35:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Almeida_AnaCarolinade_M.pdf: 3393669 bytes, checksum: bc888c2b3e7a9f30a4d5b3c3677ca407 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Os fagócitos, dentre eles, macrófagos, granulócitos e eosinófilos contêm uma NADPH oxidase associada à membrana, a qual produz superóxido e outros intermediários do oxigênio, os quais têm importante papel na defesa contra infecções. O colostro humano, além de suas propriedades nutricionais, é considerado uma importante fonte de fatores imunoprotetores para os neonatos. Os macrófagos do colostro constituem parte destes fatores imunoprotetores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a atividade do sistema NADPH oxidase e a expressão do gene CYBB, que codifica a glicoproteína gp91-phox, em macrófagos do colostro humano, e compará-Ias às de monócitos do sangue periférico e células mielomonocíticas humanas THP-l. Tais células foram cultivadas com IFN-y e TNF-a durante 48 horas. A seguir, a liberação de superóxido foi determinada espectrofotometricamente por meio da redução do cito cromo c especificamente inibida pela superóxido dismutase. A expressão do gene CYBB, que codifica o componente gp91-phox, foi determinada por meio de RT -PCR quantitativo-relativo. Nossos resultados mostram que a liberação espontânea de superóxido por macrófagos do colostro foi superior à de monócitos do sangue periférico. Contudo, ao serem estimulados com PMA e as citocinas IFN-y e TNF-a, macrófagos de colostro e monócitos do sangue periférico apresentam atividade NADPH oxidase equivalente. A liberação de superóxido por macrófagos do colostro e monócitos do sangue periférico foi sempre superior à de células THP-l, mesmo sendo estas, estimuladas com PMA e as citocinas IFN-y e TNF-a. Tais citocinas aumentaram a expressão relativa do gene gp91-phox em células THP-l, mas não em monócitos de sangue periférico e em macrófagos do colostro. Desta forma, após a cultura com as citocinas, as células THP-l passaram a apresentar expressão relativa do gene gp91- phox semelhante às outras duas populações, sem contudo, apresentar atividade NADPH oxidase equivalente, demonstrando que a atividade NADPH oxidase final na linhagem mielomonocítica humana é regulada em parte pela expressão do gene CYBB, é o produto de diferentes eventos do metabolismo celular e está relacionada ao estado de diferenciação celular / Abstract: Phagocytes like macrophages, granulocytes and eosinophils have a membrane-associated NADPH oxidase system, responsible for the production of superoxide and other oxygen reactive intermediates, considered critical factors for the defense against infections. The human colostrum is an important source of human macrophages. The aim of this work was to compare the NADPH oxidase activity and gp91-phox expression in 3 human myelomonocytic cell Unes: colostrum macrophages, the same mother' s blood monocytes, and THP-I cells. Specifically these cells were cultured with and without IFN-y and TNF-a during 48 hours. The assays included the spontaneous and PMA (30 nM)-induced superoxide release and the relative expression ofgp91-phox by RT-PCR. The principal results were: 1) Spontaneous superoxide release: Colostrum macrophages cultured in basal conditions release more superoxide than blood monocytes. IFN-y and TNF-a caused a significant increase in the superoxide release of blood monocytes. Colostrum macrophages were also stimulated by IFN-y and TNF-a but did not reach statistical significance. 2) PMA (30 nM)-induced superoxide release: IFN-y and TNF-a caused a significant increase in the superoxide release by blood monocytes, colostrum macrophages and THP-I cells. Colostrum macrophages and blood monocytes released much more superoxide than THP-I cells in all conditions. 3) Gp91-phox expression by relative RT-PCR analysis IFN-y and TNF-a did not interfere in gp91-phox relative expression of colostrum macrophages. IFN-y and TNF-a caused a discrete increase in gp91-phox expression of blood monocytes. IFN-yand TNF-a caused a dramatic increase in gp91-phox expression of THP-I cells. Overall, afier IFN + TNF incubation, THP-I cells, colostrum macrophages and blood monocytes presented the same relative leveI of gp91-phox expression. Our conclusions were: The basal NADPH oxidase activity is higher in colostrum macrophages compared to blood monocytes. IFN-y and TNF-a drive blood monocytes to behave like colostrum macrophages. The NADPH oxidase activity of colostrum macrophages does not respond to IFN-yand TNF-a. Although IFN-y and TNF-a drive THP-I cells, colostrum macrophages and blood monocytes to present the same relative leveI of gp91-phox expression, the 81 NADPH oxidase activity in macrophages and monocytes is much higher than in THP-I cells. Other factors in these more mature cells up-regulate the NADPH oxidase activity, providing strong and contrasting evidence that the NADPH oxidase activity in the human myelomonocytic lineage is regulated only in part by gp91-phox gene expression / Mestrado / Farmacologia / Mestre em Farmacologia

Interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) is a transcription factor and tumour suppressor, involved in many diverse cellular processes including immune responses and growth regulation. An interesting feature of IRF-1 is that it can both activate and repress gene expression, possibly by acting with co-activator or co-repressor proteins. In a previous phage display assay, a homologous peptide to the known repressor protein, zinc finger 350 (ZNF350), was found to bind to the C-terminus of IRF-1. ZNF350, also known as ZBRK1 (Zinc finger and BRCA1-interacting protein with KRAB domain-1), is a member of the Krüppel-associated box (KRAB)-containing zinc finger (KZF) proteins, which is a group of the widely distributed transcriptional repression proteins in mammals. ZNF350 has previously been shown to repress the expression of a number of genes including ANG1 and GADD45A, often in complex with other proteins. This study confirms the direct interaction between IRF-1 and ZNF350 and identifies key residues, including the LXXLL repression motif within the C-terminus of IRF-1, necessary for the binding interface. The two proteins have additionally been shown to interact within a cellular environment, shown by using techniques including immunoprecipitation and a proximity ligation assay. In addition, the ZNF350/IRF-1 complex formation appears to occur in the basal state of the cell, as opposed to in response to cellular stress such as viral infection or DNA damage. On the basis of ZNF350 being a negative regulator of transcription, a novel technique was developed to identify putative targets of both ZNF350 and IRF-1. This involved an initial bioinformatics screen using candidate IRF-1 binding site data obtained from CENTIPEDE, an algorithm that combines genome sequence information, with cell-specific experimental data to map bound TF binding sites. This allowed for the identification of novel target genes that contained the ZNF350 consensus binding site, GGGxxCAGxxxTTT, within close proximity to an IRF-1 consensus site, such as the immune response gene IL-12A. Lastly, a peptide phage display screen was combined with high-throughput sequencing to identify other potential binding partners of ZNF350 and perhaps help to understand the mechanism by which transcriptional repression is controlled by complex formation.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Mechanisms regulating this neurodegeneration, however, are unclear. Evidence from PD pathology and models of PD, indicate mitochondrial disfunction triggers several death signalling pathways. Accordingly, in vivo and in vitro mitochondrial stress models of PD were employed to explore the role of two divergent molecular influences on dopaminergic neuronal survival. We examined neuroinflammatory and death signalling pathways arising from MPTP-induced mitochondrial stress. Interferon-gamma (IFN-ɣ) is a cytokine known to activate cellular components of inflammation, including microglia of the central nervous system (CNS). Results of a screen for cytokines in PD patient plasma revealed elevated levels of IFN-ɣ, suggesting a correlation between IFN-ɣ and PD associated DA cell death. In an MPTP mouse model of PD, germline deletion of IFN-ɣ improved survival of DA neurons and the nigrostriatal system, along with a reduction in microglia activation. Employing a survival co-culture system of neurons and microglia, it was found that neutralizing IFN-ɣ reduced DA cell loss induced by the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, rotenone. DA cell death required localized microglia, activated through the IFN-ɣ-receptor (IFN-ɣ-R), with DA survival inversely proportional to IFN-ɣ expression, found to be up-regulated following rotenone. Investigation of the calpain-Cdk5-MEF2 signalling pathway in the MPTP model of DA cell death, motivated an examination of the nuclear orphan receptor, Nur77, following a review of potential MEF2 regulatory targets. MPTP induced a reduction in Nur77 mRNA from basal ii levels in SNc tissue, further regulated by ectopic Nur77 expression. These results strengthened our new model of MEF2 Nur77 regulation in DA neurons. In MPP+/MPTP DA survival experiments, loss in germline Nur77 expression presented an elevation in DA neuronal death both in vitro and in vivo, with a greater impairment in the nigrostriatal circuitry in comparison with normal expressing animals and cells. Dopaminergic supersensitivity related to Nur77 deficiency was attenuated with the ectopic expression of AV-Nur77 in vivo. These opposing mediators of survival yield new mechanisms by which DA neurons die, suggesting a mutitargeting approach to halt the progression of DA cell death.

An in vitro IgG secretion assay was developed to investigate the regulation of the humoral immune response in humans. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a plant lectin derived from Phytolacca americana stimulates human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) to divide and resting B-lymphocytes to differentiate into immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC). This differentiation requires that both monocytes and T-lymphocytes be present in the culture system. The amount of IgG secreted by these differentiated B-lymphocytes in response to PWM appears to be the net result of a balance between the functional activity of the regulatory T-helper and T-suppressor cells. Alterations, qualitative or quantitative in any of these leukocyte subsets could conceivably alter the amount of IgG secreted by the B-lymphocyte subpopulation. We have employed this assay to investigate the immune status in a group of chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and to assess the immunoregulatory effects of interferon (Wellferon R, INF) administered in vivo to this selected group. Their mononuclear cells (MNC) were studied in this PWM induced IgG secretion assay before INF treatment and again after 7 days of daily sub-cutaneous injections (5 X 10⁶ u/day). Twenty patients received the interferon (INF) preparation and eighteen received normal saline. The study was carried out in a double blind manner and the code was broken only after individual results had been calculated. / Medicine, Faculty of / Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of / Graduate

Orientador: Helena Zerlotti Wolf Grotto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T22:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_LaudiceiaRodriguesde_M.pdf: 1702960 bytes, checksum: 3ba7c0babaf3b3aaba833310422371ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O papel da inflamação na fisiopatologia da anemia falciforme tem sido alvo de recentes investigações. O processo obstrutivo que ocorre na microcirculação, causado pelo acúmulo de células falcizadas, leva à lesão do endotélio, com migração e adesão de leucócitos, liberação de radicais oxigênio, liberação e ativação de citocinas inflamatórias. É reconhecida a participação de diversas citocinas na eritropoiese, estimulando ou inibindo a produção de células eritróides pela medula óssea, em especial na anemia que acompanha as doenças inflamatórias/infecciosas crônicas. É reconhecida a ação inibitória do interferon gama (IFN-?) sobre as células progenitoras da medula óssea, além de sua participação nos distúrbios do metabolismo do ferro (Fe), presentes na anemia de doença crônica. A Neopterina (NP) é um marcador associado à imunidade celular produzido pelos monócitos/macrófagos quando estimulados pelo IFN-?. Os dados sobre a participação do IFN-? no processo inflamatório que acompanha a Doença Falciforme são contraditórios e se restringem à Anemia Falciforme (Hb SS). O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a participação da Interleucina-3 (IL-3), do IFN -? e da NP em pacientes com Hb SS e hemoglobinopatia SC (Hb SC) na fase estável da doença, a fim de verificar a possível ação dessas citocinas e da NP sobre o metabolismo do Fe e da hematopoiese. Nossos resultados mostraram que as concentrações de IL-3 foram mais altas nos grupos SS e SC em relação ao controle, enquanto as determinações de IFN-? não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. Pacientes SS com hemoglobina Fetal (Hb F) > 8,5% mostraram valores de IL-3 significativamente mais elevados do que aqueles com Hb F < 8,5% (p= 0,0338). Não foi observada correlação entre os parâmetros inflamatórios e do metabolismo do Fe. Uma correlação direta foi observada somente nos pacientes SS entre os níveis de IL-3 e hemoglobina (Hb) (r= 0,4633, p= 0,0457), IL-3 e Hb F (r= 0,6011, p= 0,0065). Os níveis de NP foram significativamente mais elevados nos pacientes SS e SC do que nos controles, mas não houve diferença entre os 2 grupos de pacientes. Não houve correlação entre NP e os parâmetros relacionados ao metabolismo de Fe. Esses dados sugerem que a IL-3 tem ação estimulante sobre a produção de Hb F e que pacientes com Hb SS, mesmo na fase estável da doença apresentam um certo grau de ativação do sistema monócito/macrófago, representado pelos altos níveis de NP, o que provavelmente contribui para a condição inflamatória crônica desses pacientes / Abstract: Sickle cell disease (SCD) has been recognized as a chronic inflammatory condition. Cytokines are released in response to stress or pathological situations and have influence on hematopoiesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate Interleukin-3 (IL-3), Interferon-? (IFN-?) and neopterin (NP) levels in steady state patients with sickle cell anemia (SS) (n= 38) and SC hemoglobinopathy (n= 17), in order to verify the possible action of those cytokines and NP on iron metabolism and hematopoiesis. Serum IL-3 concentration was higher in SS and SC groups than in controls, whereas IFN-? determinations were not different among groups. SS patients presenting HbF= 8.5% showed IL-3 levels significantly higher than those with HbF< 8.5% (p= 0.0167). No correlation was observed among inflammatory and iron metabolism parameters. It was observed a significant correlation between IL-3 and Hb levels (r= 0.4201, p= 0.0086) and a negative correlation between IL-3 and reticulocyte counting (r= - 0.4019, p= 0.0124) only in SS group. NP levels were significantly higher in SS group than in control (p< 0.0001), but not different between SSxSC and SCxControl. No correlation was observed between NP and iron metabolism parameters. In conclusion, it was confirmed that IL-3 stimulates hematopoiesis and that SS patients, even in steady-state, presenting macrophage/monocyte activation, represented by high levels of NP, that probably contributes to chronic inflammatory condition / Mestrado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(生命科学) / 乙第13281号 / 論生博第19号 / 新制||生||55(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院生命科学研究科高次生命科学専攻 / (主査)教授 井垣 達吏, 教授 垣塚 彰, 教授 藤田 尚志 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy in Life Sciences / Kyoto University / DFAM