The main aim of the work was to define externalities in a selected sector (transport) and to propose options to address them. The operational objectives of this work are to evaluate the effectiveness of existing measures and to propose solutions to externalities.

nÃo hà / Este trabalho vincula-se à linha de pesquisa PolÃticas PÃblicas da EducaÃÃo Superior, do programa de Mestrado Profissional em PolÃticas PÃblicas e GestÃo da EducaÃÃo Superior, da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. O objetivo em abordar o tema âexpansÃo do ensino superior e inclusÃo socialâ à trazer novos elementos para o debate sobre a educaÃÃo superior no Brasil, sobretudo na Ãltima dÃcada, embora, para que pudÃssemos compreender todo o processo de expansÃo e interiorizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo brasileira, tenhamos nos debruÃado sobre os primÃrdios da histÃria da educaÃÃo no paÃs. A centralizaÃÃo do trabalho ocorre nas polÃticas de educaÃÃo implementadas, em especial nos governos de Luiz InÃcio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), destacando-se aà as legislaÃÃes, programas e aÃÃes que contribuÃram para essa expansÃo. Trata-se de um estudo de caso: Universidade Federal do CearÃ, primeira universidade federal do Cearà e precursora da interiorizaÃÃo do ensino superior no estado. O campus avanÃado escolhido foi o da cidade de Sobral, distante a 238 km da capital, Fortaleza. Ele utiliza como metodologias: a pesquisa documental, a pesquisa exploratÃria, numa abordagem quanti-qualitativa e a anÃlise multivariada de dados. Com a anÃlise dos dados sobre o perfil socioeconÃmico dos discentes e seus pais, alÃm da origem da escolaridade desses estudantes e renda familiar, pudemos identificar que a maioria dos estudantes do campus de Sobral à da regiÃo Nordeste, da capital do estado do CearÃ, Fortaleza, e o curso de Medicina à o que possui mais estudantes com maior renda familiar. Entretanto, a maior parcela dos estudantes do campus de Sobral pertence à classe D. Esses e outros dados pesquisados nos dÃo elementos para avaliar se a polÃtica de expansÃo e interiorizaÃÃo da educaÃÃo superior està atendendo a seu maior objetivo, que à o de promover a democratizaÃÃo desse nÃvel de ensino. / The following study has a link with the Public Higher Education Policies, from the Professional Masterâs Degree program in Public Policy and Management of Higher Education, from the Federal University of the State of CearÃ. The purpose in approaching the theme âexpansion of the higher education and social mobilityâ is to bring new elements to debate higher education in Brazil, especially in the last decade, although in order to understand all the expansion as well as internalization of Brazilian education process, we have leant in the early days over the history of education in our country. The centralization of the work occurs in education policies that are implemented, especially in the governments of Luiz InÃcio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), highlighting legislations, programs and actions that contributed to this expansion. It is a case study: Federal University of CearÃ, the first federal university of Cearà and precursor of higher education internalization in the State. The chosen advanced campus was from the city of Sobral, 238km away from the capital, Fortaleza. It uses as methodologies: documentary research, exploratory research, in a quantitative and qualitative approach, and the multivariate data analysis. With the analysis of data about the socioeconomic profile of students and their parents, besides the precedence of the education of these students and their family income, we could identify that most of the students from the campus of Sobral are from Northeast, from the capital in the State of CearÃ, Fortaleza, and the medicine course is the one that has more students with higher family income. However, most part of the students from the campus of Sobral belongs to the sub-class. These and other surveyed data give us an outline to assess if the internalization, as well as education policies of higher education, is attending to its biggest goal, which is promoting democracy at this level of education.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, 2011. / Submitted by EDUARDO PENA (edupenaa@hotmail.com) on 2012-10-26T00:56:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TRILHA DE LOBOS NOS PLATÔS DE GOIÁS A SINGULARIDADE.pdf: 9955436 bytes, checksum: 8bcd6b2c8cd05ed9f544c9f80e8342cb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2013-06-18T19:13:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TRILHA DE LOBOS NOS PLATÔS DE GOIÁS A SINGULARIDADE.pdf: 9955436 bytes, checksum: 8bcd6b2c8cd05ed9f544c9f80e8342cb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-18T19:13:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TRILHA DE LOBOS NOS PLATÔS DE GOIÁS A SINGULARIDADE.pdf: 9955436 bytes, checksum: 8bcd6b2c8cd05ed9f544c9f80e8342cb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Esta dissertação apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa, desenvolvida junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG. Visa a percorrer os caminhos legais do ensino a distância no Brasil e do Sistema Universidade Aberta do Brasil(SisUAB), para problematizar a característica socioeconômica, racial, de gênero e de idade dos estudantes dos Cursos de Licenciatura em Geografia oferecidos pelo SisUAB em Goiás, bem como compreender o motivo pelo qual esses estudantes estão realizando o Curso na modalidade a distância. O foco recai na compreensão das redes rizomáticas do SisUAB e na problematização a respeito do cumprimento de sua missão, evidenciando-se as conexões e os agenciamentos estabelecidos pelo Sistema em diálogo com o pensamento de Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Fritjof Capra e Pierre Lévy. Informações referentes ao campo da pesquisa foram coletadas em documentos e em entrevistas aplicadas aos estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Geografia, ofertado pela Universidade de Brasília, no Estado de Goiás, nos Polos de Apoio Presencial do SisUAB, localizados nos municípios de Alexânia, Goiás e Posse. Para buscar elucidar as questões territoriais da investigação, foram construídos, por meio da técnica Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, de Lefrève e Lefrève, Discursos da Multiplicidade, a partir das entrevistas realizadas, e apontados os motivos da escolha do curso na modalidade a distância e as facilidades e dificuldades encontradas na Educação a Distância (EaD). Com a aliança promovida entre características e discursos foi construída uma equação singular, na qual sexo, idade, renda e cor são heterogeneidades, pensamentos são sonhos coletivos e o somatório de ambos constitui a Equação da Multiplicidade. Essa pesquisa permite perceber a atualização de sonhos de formar profissionais do magistério para a educação básica e de interiorizar e democratizar o acesso ao ensino superior no país, propostas da Universidade Aberta do Brasil. / This dissertation presents a qualitative study, developed at the Post-Graduate Program of Education Science: Chemistry of Life and Health, of the Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, which aims to trace the legal routes of the distance education in Brazil and the Brazilian Open University System (SisUAB) to question the socioeconomic, racial, gender and age characteristic of the students of the Geography degree courses offered by SisUAB in Goiás, and additionally, understand why these students are undergoing these courses at a distance. The focus falls on the understanding of the rhizomatic networks of the SisUAB and on the questioning regarding the fulfilment of its mission, bringing into light the connections and the exerts established by the System, in dialogue with the thinking of Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, Fritjof Capra and Pierre Lévy. Information regarding the field of research was collected in documents and interviews carried out with students of the Geography degree courses, offered by the University of Brasilia, in the State of Goiás, in the On-Site Support Facilities of SisUAB, located in the cities of Alexandria, Goiás and Posse. In order to elucidate the territorial issues concerning the research, Multiplicity Discourses were constructed, based on the technique of the Collective Subject Discourse of Lefèvre and Lefèvre, from the interviews carried out, and the reasons for the choice of the course, in the modality at a distance, were appointed, as well as the easinesses and difficulties encountered in the Distance Education. With the alliance promoted between features and speeches, a unique equation was constructed, where gender, age, income and colour are heterogeneities and thoughts are collective dreams, and the sum of both constitutes the Multiplicity Equation. This research provides the opportunity to realise the updating of dreams to train teaching professionals for basic education, and to bring to the countryside and give equality to the access to higher education in the country, propositions of the Brazilian Open University.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sussumo Tatenauti Konda.pdf: 1190457 bytes, checksum: ebec53ee1c443488bf02a35cd2f394e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-01-22 / The use of government duty assistance, like drawback, can be, at first time, always be advantage without considering the firm size. However, many different factors inside and outside of the organization interfere on its use. With the proposal of analyse the influence of the company size on the performance of logistic integrations management activities on the company that used drawback, it has been done a research including two steps based on theory of logistic knowledge and small firm internalization authors. The first, considered of exploratory nature, was used a sample compound of 3 companies. The information collected was treated by the content analysis and the result understood more of: a) drawback practice; and b) drawback s effects on logistic performance. Based on these results started the second stage, which was of descriptive nature research. The sample contained of 136 companies of different sizes, chosen for convenience. At these step the collected information had been treated through descriptive and inference statistics and as a result appeared differences in stages of logistic integration management, supply, manufacture and distribution, as well as advantage, disadvantage, block and facility elements on company that used drawback. The analyses provide, also, the information that new companies failed to apply the drawback due to the complexity and weakness of specialized providers of knowledge. The data results permitted the affirmation that company s size influenced the performance of logistic integration management activities, with the drawback users. Finally, as a suggestion, the proposal of this research could be continued studied by increasing: a) the sample group with other sectors of Brazilian s industrial companies; and b) the research with small companies in order to understand more about the drawback s advantage in this group. / A utilização de incentivos fiscais às exportações, como o Regime Aduaneiro Especial de Drawback pode parecer, à primeira vista, ser sempre vantajosa, independentemente do porte das empresas. Entretanto, diferentes fatores internos e externos à empresa interferem na utilização do regime. Com o objetivo de analisar a influência do porte no desempenho das atividades de logística integrada das empresas usuárias do Regime de Drawback, foi realizada uma pesquisa constituída de duas etapas e fundamentadas teoricamente em autores das áreas do conhecimento logístico e da internacionalização das pequenas e médias empresas. A primeira, considerada de natureza exploratória utilizou-se de uma amostra composta de 3 empresas. Os dados coletados e tratados pela análise de conteúdo possibilitaram: a) maior entendimento da utilização do Drawback; e b) melhor compreensão dos efeitos do regime no desempenho das empresas usuárias. Com base nestes resultados iniciou-se a segunda etapa da pesquisa, de natureza descritiva. Usou-se, para isso, de uma amostra de 136 empresas de diversos tamanhos escolhidos por conveniência. Os dados coletados e tratados por meio da estatística descritiva e inferencial evidenciaram diferenças nas 3 fases da logística integrada, abastecimento, manufatura e distribuição, bem como nas vantagens, desvantagens, bloqueadores e facilitadores no uso do regime. Revelou-se, também, que as empresas não usuárias deixaram de utilizar o regime pela complexidade e falta de conhecimento especializado para aplicação do regime. A análise destes resultados permitiu concluir que o tamanho influenciou no desempenho das atividades de logística integrada das empresas usuárias do Drawback da amostra. Por fim, propõem-se como sugestões de prosseguimento do estudo: a) ampliar a amostra com a participação de outros setores da indústria brasileira, principalmente do setor de material de transporte, de produtos siderúrgicos e de produtos alimentícios, de forma a possibilitar análises e comparações entre os diversos setores industriais brasileiros e; b) realizar pesquisa exclusiva com as micro e pequenas empresas a fim de melhor avaliar os benefícios do regime nesse grupo.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie pathogène opportuniste extracellulaire. La souche PAO1 de P. aeruginosa possède trois loci codant des Systèmes de Sécrétion de Type VI (T6SS) indépendants, nommés H1 à H3-T6SS. Le premier d'entre eux, H1-T6SS, a été largement décrit dans la littérature scientifique et injecte des toxines à activité antiprocaryote dans d'autres bactéries permettant une défense active contre l'attaque d'un T6SS d'une autre bactérie. Les deux autres T6SS de P. aeruginosa sont probablement des facteurs de virulence de cette bactérie, mais aucun effecteur sécrété, ni cible intracellulaire ou rôle n'ont été proposés jusqu'ici. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons mis en évidence que la machinerie H2-T6SS permet l'invasion de cellules non-phagocytaires et participe à la virulence de P. aeruginosa. Cette entrée requière la dynamique du réseau de microtubules, via VgrG2b injectée par la machinerie H2-T6SS dans les cellules épithéliales, et capable de cibler les complexes de gamma-tubulines, centre nucléateur des microtubules. Il s'agit d'un mécanisme d'internalisation tout à fait original et jamais encore décrit. Nous avons également exploré la régulation croisée entre H2 et H3-T6SS. Enfin par une analyse de « RNAseq », nous avons observé entre les souches PAO1 et PA14 de P. aeruginosa une expression différentielle de nombreux gènes, certains codant des facteurs de virulence. Pour près de 30% d'entre eux, l'origine de cette variation reposerait sur une quasi-absence d'expression dans la souche PA14 de qslA, codant un anti-activateur du Quorum-Sensing. Ceci serait une nouvelle explication du phénotype hyper-virulent de la souche PA14 de P. aeruginosa. / Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic extracellular pathogen. The PAO1 strain of P. aeruginosa harbors three loci encoding independent Type VI Secretion Systems (T6SS), named H1 to H3-T6SS. H1-T6SS has been widely described in the literature and injects toxins with antiprokaryotic activity in target bacteria, allowing an active defense against the attack of a T6SS from another bacterium. The other two T6SS of P. aeruginosa are likely virulence factors, but no secreted effector or intracellular target or role have been proposed so far.In this work, we demonstrated that the H2-T6SS machinery triggered the invasion of non-phagocytic epithelial cells and is involved in the virulence of P. aeruginosa. This uptake is mediated by the microtubule network dynamics, and via VgrG2b, injected by the H2-T6SS machinery in epithelial cells, to target the gamma-tubulin complex, the microtubule nucleating center. This is an original mechanism of internalization never described before. We also studied the cross-regulation between H2 and H3-T6SS. Finally through a « RNAseq » analysis, we observed differential expression of many genes, including some encoding virulence factors, between PAO1 and PA14 strains of P. aeruginosa. For nearly 30% of them, the origin of this variation is an almost lack of expression in the PA14 strain of qslA, encoding an anti-Quorum Sensing activator. This can be a new explanation of hyper-virulent phenotype of the PA14 strain of P. aeruginosa.

Les Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNA) sont des oligonucléotides antisens analogues de l’ADN, dont le squelette phosphodiester a été remplacé par un squelette pseudo-peptidique d’unités 2-aminoéthylglycine, sur lequel sont greffées des bases azotées. Des PNA dirigés contre les ARN messagers peuvent inhiber la traduction in vitro et dans les cellules humaines. Lorsqu’ils sont dirigés contre la partie codante du transcrit, des PNA polypyrimidiques peuvent bloquer physiquement l’élongation de la traduction en stoppant la machinerie ribosomale. Le transcrit n’est pas dégradé et une protéine tronquée est générée in vitro. Dans le cas de protéines dont la surexpression conduit à des pathologies, des protéines tronquées inactives peuvent jouer un rôle de dominant négatif dans les cellules. Des protéines tronquées de l’Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF1R), récepteur cellulaire surexprimé dans de nombreux cancers, inhibent la tumorigénèse et la résistance à l’apoptose de cellules cancéreuses. La pénétration cellulaire des PNA est la principale limite à leur utilisation in vivo et il est nécessaire de développer des transporteurs efficaces pour ces oligonucléotides neutres. Les Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPP) sont des peptides naturels ou synthétiques, qui peuvent être conjugués à différentes molécules pour promouvoir leur internalisation cellulaire. Les objectifs de ce travail de thèse étaient de comprendre les critères requis pour l’arrêt de l’élongation de la traduction par les PNA et d’étudier leur internalisation cellulaire médiée par le CPP (R/W)9. Nous avons montré qu’un couplage covalent entre ce peptide et deux PNA 13-mer permet l’internalisation des conjugués dans un système cellulaire rapporteur, conduisant à leur activité biologique en présence d’un agent lysosomotropique. Les conjugués interagissent avec les glycosaminoglycanes membranaires et sont internalisés par endocytose en moins d’une heure. De plus, les conjugués formés avec un peptide analogue comportant des lysines sont six fois moins internalisés, mettant en évidence l’importance des résidus arginines du peptide (R/W)9 pour l’interaction avec la membrane. Enfin, nous avons montré que le peptide (R/W)9 couplé à un PNA dirigé contre la séquence codante de l’IGF1R permet son internalisation dans les cellules de cancer de la prostate et que le conjugué inhibe spécifiquement l’expression de la chaîne β du récepteur. / Peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) are nucleic acid analogues in which the sugar-phosphate backbone has been replaced by a synthetic peptide backbone, usually comprised of N-(2-aminoethyl)-glycan units. PNAs targeted against mRNA can inhibit translation both in vitro and in human cells. Pyrimidine rich PNAs can physically block translation elongation at targets in the coding region of messenger RNA, giving rise to a truncated protein. Truncated proteins that lack a functional domain and can at the same time inhibit the function of the wild type protein are referred to as dominant negative. Truncated form of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 receptor (IGF1R), protein overexpressed in numerous cancers, inhibits tumorigenesis and resistance to apoptosis of cancerous cells. One of the biggest limitations to the use of PNAs in vivo is their poor internalization. It is therefore necessary to develop efficient transporters able to enhance the cellular uptake of PNAs. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are natural or synthetic peptides that can be conjugated to different molecules in order to facilitate their cellular uptake. The objectives of this thesis were to understand the conditions required for the translation elongation arrest by PNAs and to study their cellular internalization mediated by CPP (R/W)9. We have shown that covalent coupling of two 13-mer PNAs to (R/W)9 facilitates their internalization in a reporter cell line, leading to their biological activity in the presence of a lysosomotropic agent such as chloroquine. The conjugates interact with membrane glycosaminoglycans and are internalized by endocytosis in less than one hour. Moreover, conjugates formed with an analogue peptide containing lysines in the place of arginines of (R/W)9 showed to be six time less efficiently internalized, suggesting the importance of arginine residues for the interaction of the conjugate with the membrane. We have also showed that the PNA targeted to the coding region of IGF1R coupled to (R/W)9 is efficiently internalized to prostate cancer cells where it inhibits the expression of the beta chain of the receptor.

International students have become major role players in international education across the globe. Their enrollment in different universities has increased in the past few decades worldwide. Most of these students bring rich cultural diversity and skills to their various host institutions and countries. These trends signal the need to examine and understand international students within the South African context. Against this background, this study explores the factors that influence academic choices of international students, academic and social challenges they face and the role of social capital in influencing international student integration at the Universities of Fort Hare and Rhodes in South Africa. A qualitative research design was employed in this study. Thirty international students were selected (and interviewed) using purposive sampling and snowballing. The study found that some of the main factors that influence the academic choices of international students include availability of scholarships and funding, recommendations of the institution by family and friends, availability of preferred course and the reputation of the institution. Some of the main challenges faced by international students in these two institutions include language barriers, financial difficulty, expensive but improperly maintained accommodation and culture shock. These challenges impede the smooth integration of international students into their new academic and social environment. However, the students employ several strategies in attempt to address the challenges they face. These include joining a student or community social organization, community engagement and making friends. These social networks and organizations serve as a support system and connection hub for the students. The study recommends that it is pertinent for the University of Fort Hare and Rhodes University to meet the needs and expectations of its international students through regular surveys that give them room to speak about their experiences. The need for efficient International Offices at both institutions is crucial as well as the employment of open‐minded multicultural trained staff in these offices. The study also suggests the need for the both institutions to provide affordable and comfortable accommodation for its international students.

Tre musikinstrument – En röst. En studie om omställningsprocessen mellan ett träblåsinstrument till ett annat. Detta område omfattar tvärflöjt- oboe- och altsaxofonspel. Arbetet bygger på observationer av en sex veckor lång instuderingsprocess, sett i relation till ett urval av tidigare forskning och högskoleuppsatser inom området. Studien har i syfte att utforska omställningsprocessen när jag byter från det ena blåsinstrumentet till det andra. Detta för att ge en djupare inblick i en multiinstrumentalists vardag och belysa de fenomen som ligger till grund för spelet för respektive instrument och som sedan tas med i omställningsprocessen. Denna kvalitativa studie utgår från ett livsvärldsperspektiv och metod är loggboksskrivande samt videodokumentation. Resultatet bärs upp av två teman: Inre röst och instrumentbyte-muskelbyte som står för mentala respektive fysiska handlingar. Efter resultatet följer en diskussion som sätts i förhållande till litteratur och tidigare forskning inom området. Arbetet avslutas med tankar om dess betydelse samt möjligheter till framtida forskning. / Three musical instruments – One voice. A study of the conversion process between a woodwind instrument to another. This area includes the flute, oboe and the alto saxophone. This study is based on observations of a six-week rehearsal process in relation to a sample of previous research and academic papers in the field. The study is aimed to explore the conversion process when I switch from one wind instrument to the other. This is to provide a deeper insight into a multiinstrumentalists everyday life and highlight all the phenomena that form the basis of the play for each instrument and then be included in the conversion process. This qualitative study is based on a life-world perspective and method logbook writing and video documentation. The result is supported by two themes: Inner voice and change of instrument-muscle change representing mental and physical actions. After the result is a discussion that is related to the literature and previous research in the area. The work concludes with thoughts about its importance as well as opportunities for future research.

A partir da década de 1970, os impactos da sociedade de consumo industrial sobre o meio ambiente tornaram-se amplamente reconhecidos e debatidos em diversos setores da sociedade, inserindo-se nas agendas de lideranças mundiais. Central para o debate sobre meio ambiente e crescimento econômico tem sido o papel das empresas que, tendo sido historicamente parte do problema, passaram a incluir o meio ambiente em suas atividades e na gestão de seus negócios. Grandes acidentes envolvendo usinas nucleares e contaminações e outros de menor porte aumentaram a percepção pública quanto aos riscos decorrentes de um processo de produção predatório que ignora os limites da natureza. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir as estratégias de internalização da gestão ambiental à estrutura da empresa Suzano de Papel e Celulose nos últimos 30 anos, com enfoque na gestão hídrica da empresa. Para tanto, adotou-se uma metodologia baseada em análise documental e em um estudo de caso na empresa Suzano de Papel e Celulose. A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada em materiais obtidos na CETESB, na sede da Empresa Suzano e na Associação Brasileira de Papel e Celulose (ABTCPBRACELPA), além de teses e dissertações. Os dados para análise foram levantados em revistas setoriais com foco em gestão ambiental e em papel e celulose e nos relatórios de Sustentabilidade da empresa Suzano dos últimos 10 anos. Nesta etapa buscou-se avançar na compreensão das alternativas tecnológicas do setor de papel e celulose com foco na gestão da água, conhecer os participantes no mercado de papel e celulose e suas iniciativas voltadas ao tema da sustentabilidade. Foram ainda realizadas visitas à fábrica e à sede da empresa Suzano, com realização de entrevistas com a gerência de meio ambiente e qualidade. Os resultados alcançados revelam que três fatores têm sido determinantes para as mudanças na gestão hídrica na empresa, a saber: a legislação, que estabelece padrões de emissão de efluentes hídricos em corpos dágua; a pressão da opinião pública, notadamente a partir de meados da década de 1980 com relação à presença de compostos organoclorados (dioxinas) em efluentes de papel e celulose; e as exigências dos mercados importadores, como, por exemplo, quanto à certificação ambiental dos processos produtivos. Os resultados dessa pesquisa indicam que a empresa Suzano de Papel e Celulose nos últimos 30 anos passou de uma estratégia passiva com relação ao meio ambiente para uma estratégia proativa incorporando as exigências ambientais da legislação e de seus mercados no exterior. Conclui-se, portanto, que o meio ambiente tornou-se elemento-chave de competitividade e permanência no mercado para a empresa Suzano de Papel e Celulose. / Since the 1970s, the impacts of the industrial production on the environment have become highly recognized and debated by ample sectors of society and taken over the agendas of leaders all over the world. Central to the debate between environmental protection and economic growth has been the role played by the business sector in the search for solutions to the environmental crisis by internalizing environmental demands. The aim of this paper is to discuss the strategies adopted by the Companhia Suzano de Papel e Celulose when interiorizing environmental concerns. Emphasis will be given to the industrial management of water resources in the last 30 years. To this effect, a case study method has been adopted. The bibliographic research was carried out through the use of materials, obtained at The State of São Paulo Environmental Agency), at ABTCP-BRACELPA (The Brazilian official Pulp and Paper Organization), and other studies on the pulp and paper sector. The data used in the analysis in environmental management magazines focused on the pulp and paper sector and the companys annual sustainability reports of the last 10 years. The aim was to acquire deeper understanding of the pulp and paper sector technological alternatives for cleaner production. In addition, interviews with the company´s Environment and Quality manager of the Suzano plant were also carried out. The results suggest that the company´s water management strategies have been determined by three key factors: the regulation, which sets the standards for effluent discharges; the pressure of public opinion, in the mid 1980s, particularly public demands for the elimination of the use of chlorine compounds (the dioxins); and the environmental demands of external markets such as those related to the environmental certification of production processes. The results reveal that, in the last 30 years, Companhia Suzano de Papel e Celulose has shifted from a passive strategy towards its environmental impacts to a proactive by interiorizing both the demands of the regulation and the demands of its overseas markets. In conclusion, the environment has become a key element both for the companys competitiveness and survival.

Objective: Internalizing the pervasive weight bias commonly directed towards individuals with overweight and obesity, cooccurs with increased psychopathology and impaired quality of life. This study sought to establish population norms and psychometric properties of the most widely used self-report questionnaire, the Weight Bias Internalization Scale (WBIS), in a representative community sample. Design and Methods: In a survey of the German population, N = 1158 individuals with overweight and obesity were assessed with the WBIS and self-report measures for convergent validation. Results: Item analysis revealed favorable item-total correlation of all but one WBIS item. With this item removed, item homogeneity and internal consistency were excellent. The one-factor structure of the WBIS was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was shown through significant associations with measures of depressive and somatoform symptoms. The WBIS contributed to the explanation of variance in depressive and somatoform symptoms over and above body mass index. Higher WBIS scores were found in women than in men, in individuals with obesity than in individuals with overweight, and in those with lower education or income than those with higher education or income. Sex specific norms were provided. Conclusions: The results showed good psychometric properties of the WBIS after removal of one item. Future research is warranted on further indicators of reliability and validity, for example, retest reliability, sensitivity to change, and prognostic validity.