Esta dissertação trata do fluxo de informações jornalísticas em impressos brasileiros, tomando como eixo diferentes regiões do Brasil. Mensuramos o nível de desequilíbrio desse fluxo entre estados com acentuadas diferenças sociais e econômicas, tomando como exemplo, a relação entre o Ceará e epicentros midiáticos como São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Brasília, através de quatro jornais impressos. A pesquisa operou em dois eixos. O primeiro dentro dos estudos de comunicação internacional, campo que iniciou os trabalhos pioneiros sobre os fluxos de comunicação. O segundo buscou os critérios de noticiabilidade e a égide da objetividade dentro do processo de construção da notícia. Com essa base teórica, foi possível analisar os dados e traçar um painel de como funcionam os fluxos de informação jornalística nos veículos escolhidos e a lógica temática por trás dos números.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of basic communication fidelity (BCF) upon the perceptions of national observers toward national and international communicators across a variety of group interaction variables. Research is presented which indicates that (1) international students are typically perceived less favorably than national students across a variety of interpersonal variables; (2) as BCF increases, more favorable ratings are attributed to communicators across interpersonal variables; and (3) increased BCF may be able to mitigate the less favorable impressions national observers attribute to international communicators.

Esta dissertação trata do fluxo de informações jornalísticas em impressos brasileiros, tomando como eixo diferentes regiões do Brasil. Mensuramos o nível de desequilíbrio desse fluxo entre estados com acentuadas diferenças sociais e econômicas, tomando como exemplo, a relação entre o Ceará e epicentros midiáticos como São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Brasília, através de quatro jornais impressos. A pesquisa operou em dois eixos. O primeiro dentro dos estudos de comunicação internacional, campo que iniciou os trabalhos pioneiros sobre os fluxos de comunicação. O segundo buscou os critérios de noticiabilidade e a égide da objetividade dentro do processo de construção da notícia. Com essa base teórica, foi possível analisar os dados e traçar um painel de como funcionam os fluxos de informação jornalística nos veículos escolhidos e a lógica temática por trás dos números.

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<p>The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the implications and challenges of intercultural communication. An in-depth study was performed of the perspectives from people who work within an international organization. How they experience cultural differences and how they handle them, in particular when it comes to communication. Also, their perceptions of communicative competence were explored. The study was carried out at Svalorna India Bangladesh, at the Swedish office in Lund. Svalorna’s staff was interviewed on their experiences of intercultural communication. Both employees at the Swedish office and employees on location in India and Bangladesh were interviewed. The method used in the study was qualitative interviews where the interviewees could expand their answers fully as the interview developed. The main theory used was Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, presented in the thesis and considered in the study. It was concluded that being aware of cultural differences and having knowledge of other cultures but also your own is important for understanding the so-called non-verbal communication in an intercultural situation. There are also differences in to what extent a certain culture uses non-verbal communication. Both India and Bangladesh, according to the interviewees, are high context cultures whereas Sweden has a low context culture. All the interviewees had similar experiences when it comes to intercultural communication. A cultural difference in the perception of time is an example of when verbal communication can be inadequate, if one is not aware of cultural differences. Both India and Bangladesh use polychronic time whereas in Sweden monochromic time is used. This is indeed confirmed by all interviewees. Many of Hofstede’s cultural dimension theories are found to be coherent with the results of this study, for example the Individualism.</p>

The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the implications and challenges of intercultural communication. An in-depth study was performed of the perspectives from people who work within an international organization. How they experience cultural differences and how they handle them, in particular when it comes to communication. Also, their perceptions of communicative competence were explored. The study was carried out at Svalorna India Bangladesh, at the Swedish office in Lund. Svalorna’s staff was interviewed on their experiences of intercultural communication. Both employees at the Swedish office and employees on location in India and Bangladesh were interviewed. The method used in the study was qualitative interviews where the interviewees could expand their answers fully as the interview developed. The main theory used was Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, presented in the thesis and considered in the study. It was concluded that being aware of cultural differences and having knowledge of other cultures but also your own is important for understanding the so-called non-verbal communication in an intercultural situation. There are also differences in to what extent a certain culture uses non-verbal communication. Both India and Bangladesh, according to the interviewees, are high context cultures whereas Sweden has a low context culture. All the interviewees had similar experiences when it comes to intercultural communication. A cultural difference in the perception of time is an example of when verbal communication can be inadequate, if one is not aware of cultural differences. Both India and Bangladesh use polychronic time whereas in Sweden monochromic time is used. This is indeed confirmed by all interviewees. Many of Hofstede’s cultural dimension theories are found to be coherent with the results of this study, for example the Individualism.

Background: The environment and the design of auditing regulation can vary significantly between countries, which can affect the form, content and quality of the audit report. The purpose of the International Standards on Auditing, ISA, is to facilitate the work for auditors on an international basis. Sweden today follows the RS 600 which is based on ISA 600, which contains standards for when an auditor use work performed by other auditor. In October 2007, came a revised and redrafted version of ISA 600 that will be enforced in Sweden in the audit of the financial year beginning on 1 January 2011. To what degree the new requirements will affect the group audit is clearly dependent on how the reporting, evaluation and instructions between the group auditor and other auditor has been carried out previously. Aim: The aim with this paper is to explain the reporting between the group auditor and other auditor in an international corporate group. The aim is also to study the factors that can influence the final outcome of this report and why they affect the outcome. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the report process changes that could take place between the group auditor and other auditor after the introduction of ISA 600. Definitions: This paper has a geographic delimitation to Sweden. The paper is delimited to only consider auditing of corporate groups whose parent is located in Sweden and subsidiaries are located abroad. This means that respondents are bounded to the group auditors. Completion and results: Factors affecting reporting between auditors in an international corporate group turned out primarily to be language and communication differences, differences in accounting standards and determination of the materiality level. The risks are considered minimized through documentation reviews and both internal- and external quality controls. An understanding of social and cultural differences is a key factor to be able to have successful cross cultural collaborations. Education, experience and practise are the solutions to understand this issue. This paper demonstrates that cross-cultural training is not given at the accounting firms, which are proposed to be a beneficial investment. The instructions and contact with other auditors are expected to be put earlier after the introduction of ISA 600, also that the report itself will be more detailed.

台灣有線新聞台的數量，相對於歐美及亞洲其他國家，不但數量上有明顯的差距，競爭亦相當激烈；面對極度商業化的電視環境，各新聞台無不絞盡腦汁、竭盡所能的進行各種變革以爭取收視；而在幾近飽和的國內新聞報導下，國際新聞的製作成了有線新聞台的藍海策略，同時也是一個值得努力爭取收視的方向。 伴隨著全球化各項新科技及電腦、數位電子產品、光纖網路、行動通訊的興起，國際通訊社與有線新聞台之間特殊及微妙的供需關係，因這些軟硬體的出現，在國際新聞的製作及供需方面造成深遠的影響，而國際新聞的產製從過去到現在也呈現了許多不同的樣貌。 有鑒於電視國際新聞的製作與國內新聞製作的不同，新聞的來源及角度也有所差異，同時，國際通訊社與有線新聞台之間的供需關係並不只是建立在單向的服務同時也展現了雙向的業務交流；兩者之間不再只是單向的供給需求，反而身兼雙重角色。 本研究發現，有線新聞台及國際通訊社在國際新聞的產製供需裡，由於新興媒體的出現，雙方在資訊的來源及傳播的管道都有所增加及不同，然而新科技雖帶來無限商機卻也蘊藏著部分危機；資源依賴的程度越來越深，策略聯盟的運用在國際傳播的過程中也變的更為重要。 在傳播無國界的今日，雖然地球村的概念逐漸發酵，但在地主義的興起卻也逐漸獲得重視；本研究之重點在於探討有線新聞台與國際通訊社在國際新聞製作裡的供需變化；在傳統供需現象被打破，新聞供應者同時也可能身兼接收者甚或消費者身分之際，面對市場的轉變，處在這個圈中的每一份子該如何面對這樣的供需變化以符合新的傳播趨勢！

Submitted by Augusto Júnior da Silva Santos null (augustojr2005@hotmail.com) on 2017-12-07T22:24:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final Augusto.pdf: 5603741 bytes, checksum: a1b338a0526b45f297bae2e0960c3427 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Minervina Teixeira Lopes null (vina_lopes@bauru.unesp.br) on 2017-12-08T11:40:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ajs_me_bauru.pdf: 5297558 bytes, checksum: 5a9d0d565d67b7862ec4f344fa9f28c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-08T11:40:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_ajs_me_bauru.pdf: 5297558 bytes, checksum: 5a9d0d565d67b7862ec4f344fa9f28c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-31 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O termo radiodifusão internacional se refere à uma modalidade de veículos de rádio e televisão financiados por Estados-nacionais e direcionados a públicos estrangeiros (PRICE, 2002). A atuação estratégica dessas emissoras pode ser compreendida sob a perspectiva da diplomacia pública. Nesse sentido, afirma-se que elas são utilizadas como instrumentos que buscam, por exemplo, promover a imagem de seus respectivos países patrocinadores e gerar, assim, soft power. Diante desse contexto, esta investigação se debruçou sobre a experiência brasileira em radiodifusão internacional: a TV Brasil Internacional, a qual foi criada em 2010 dentro da Empresa Brasil de Comunicação (EBC). O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi identificar de que maneira o referido veículo representa os aspectos culturais do Brasil mundo afora. Para tanto, com base no princípio constitucional que determina que a programação de estações de rádio e televisão promovam a cultura nacional e regional do país (artigo 221, II), foi conduzida uma análise de conteúdo das reportagens exibidas pelo telejornal que compõe a grade da TV Brasil Internacional, o Repórter Brasil. Os resultados demonstraram que diversas identidades e realidades culturais do país foram representadas, fato que pode contribuir para a desconstrução de estereótipos sobre o Brasil. No entanto, verificou-se que o canal perdeu sua essência internacional e que ele parece estar caminhando em direção ao seu fim. / The term international broadcasting refers to a category of state-sponsored media directed at foreign audiences (PRICE, 2002). The strategic operation of these broadcasters might be comprehended from the public diplomacy perspective. In this sense, they are used as an instrument in order to promote, for instance, the image of their respective sponsor countries and to fuel soft power. In light of this context, this research focused on the Brazilian experience in international broadcasting: TV Brasil Internacional, which was established in 2010 within Brazil Communication Company (EBC). The main objective of this study was to identify how this TV channel represents the cultural aspects of the country. Thus, it was conducted a content analysis of its news stories in light of the constitutional principal that establishes that radio and TV stations must promote the national and regional culture of the country (article 221, II). The outcomes showed that different cultural identities and realities of Brazil were conveyed, which might contribute to the deconstruction of stereotypes about this country. However, it was also verified that this Brazilian TV channel has lost its international identity as well as it seems to be moving toward its end. / FAPESP: 15/11783-1 / BEPE FAPESP: 16/08531-3

In protracted international conflicts, truth is often sacrificed in the name of victory. Political realists see international politics as a competition to win power, retain power, and demonstrate power; misleading the enemy in the name of strategy and misleading the public in the name of security are necessary elements of the game. A less obvious condition is that those caught in the cycle of intergroup conflict also withhold truths from themselves. This denial of truth and reality--to the Other, to the public, and to the self--is especially prevalent in the communicative relationship between the United States and the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study explores the communicative relationship between the United States and Iran via mass media with a particular focus on propaganda as "natural." The literature review explains how conflict-conditioned communication grows and operates within the context of intergroup conflict, including the significance of globalization and information technology. The communicative relationship between the United States and Iran is used as a case study to explore conflict-conditioned communication. A snapshot of the U.S.-Iran communicative relationship was taken from May 1, 2005 - May 1, 2008. Articles from three print and online media sources were combed and analyzed for examples and patterns of conflict-conditioned communication. The method is based on an approach to understanding conflict-conditioned communication that was developed by Dr. Harry Anastasiou, a conflict resolution professional and educator. The method additionally utilizes the work of Dr. William O. Beeman, an expert on misperceptions between the United States and Iran. The conflict-conditioned communicative relationship between the United States and Iran shows how legitimate concerns and human needs are filtered through collective psychology, history, and national identity and absorbed into misperceptions. These misperceptions are perpetuated through propaganda and lead to unyielding political positions. The dual phenomena of globalization and advanced information technology amplify these unyielding political positions by spreading propagandized misperceptions faster and farther than ever before. As the United States and Iran become more entrenched in unyielding political positions, communication reduces to competing systems of propaganda, thus making peaceful conflict resolution less likely.