This thesis is oriented on data usage from manufacturing IoT devices. The main goal is to propose comprehensive concept of data usage from manufacturing IoT devices in BI, based on available literature and user requirements from manufacturing companies. First part of thesis deals with relationship between IoT and BI, based on available literature and current researches aimed on IoT data usage. Following part is about requirement analysis aimed on manufacturing IoT data usage. The requirements were determined with help of non-structured interviews with managers of selected departments in manufacturing companies, mainly oriented on production quality, maintenance and production efficiency. Based on mentioned requirements were determined appropriate metrics that are primarily based on data from manufacturing IoT devices. The last part is practical demonstration of the tech-nological concept which is focused on data presentation.

On assiste ces dernières années à une explosion des usages dans l’Internet des objets. La démocratisation de ce monde de capteurs est le fruit, d’une part de la baisse drastique des coûts dans l’informatique embarquée, d’autre part d’un support logiciel toujours plus mature. Que ce soit au niveau des protocoles et des réseaux (CoAP, IPv6, etc) ou de la standardisation des supports de développement, notamment sur microprocesseurs ATMEL, les outils à disposition permettent chaque jour une plus grande homogénéisation dans la communication entre des capteurs toujours plus variés. Cette diversification rassemble chaque jour des utilisateurs aux attentes et aux domaines de compétence différents, avec chacun leur propre compréhension des objets connectés. La complexification des réseaux de capteurs, confrontée à cette nécessité d’adresser des usages fondamentalement différents, pose problème. Sur la base d’un même réseau de capteurs hétéroclite, il est crucial de pouvoir répondre aux besoins de chacun des utilisateurs, sans réclamer d’eux une maîtrise du réseau de capteurs dépassant exagérément leur domaine de compétence. L’outil décrit dans ce document se propose d’adresser cette problématique au travers d’un moteur de requête dédié au traitement des données issus des capteurs. Pour ce faire, il repose sur une modélisation des capteurs au sein de différents contextes, chacun à même de répondre à un besoin utilisateur précis. Sur la base de ce modèle est mis à disposition un langage dédié pour le traitement des événements complexes issus des données mesurées par les capteurs. L’implémentation de cet outil permet en outre d’interagir avec d’éventuelles fonctionnalités d’actuation du réseau de capteurs. / Usages of the internet of things experience an exponential growth these last few years. As a matter of fact, this is the result of, on one hand the significantly lowercosts in embedded computing systems, on the other hand the maturing of the software layers. From protocols and networks (CoAP, IPv6, etc) to standardization of ATMEL microcontrollers, tools at hand allow a better communication between more and more various sensors. This diversification gather every day users with different needs, expectations and fields of expertise, each one of them having his own approch, his own understanding of the connected things. The main issue concerns the complexity of the sensor networks, with regard to this necessity to address deeply different usages. Based on a single heterogeneous sensor network, it is critical to be able to meet the needs of each user, without having them to master the network beyond their own field of expertise. The tool described in this document aims at addressing this issue via a query engine dedicated to the processing of data collected from the sensors. Towards this end, it relies on a modelling of the sensors within several contexts, each of them reflecting a specific usage. On this basis a domain-specific language is provided, allowing complex event processing over the data monitored by the sensors. Furthermore, the implementation of this tool allows to interact with optional actuation functionalities of the sensor network.

L’Internet des Objets (IoT) vise à créer un eco-système global et ubiquitaire composé d’un grand nombre d’objets hétérogènes. Afin d’atteindre cette vision, le World Wide Web apparaît comme un candidat adapté pour interconnecter objets et services à la couche applicative en un Web des Objets (WoT).Cependant l’évolution actuelle du WoT produit des silos d’objets et empêche ainsi la mise en place de cette vision. De plus, même si le Web facilite la composition d’objets et services hétérogènes, les approches existantes produisent des compositions statiques incapables de s’adapter à des environnements dynamiques et des exigences évolutives. Un autre défi est à relever: permettre aux personnes d’interagir avec le vaste, évolutif et hétérogène IoT.Afin de répondre à ces limitations, nous proposons une architecture pour IoT ouvert et autogouverné, constitué de personnes et d’objets situés, en interaction avec un environnement global via des plateformes hétérogènes. Notre approche consiste de rendre les objets autonomes et d’appliquer la métaphore des réseaux sociaux afin de créer des réseaux flexibles de personnes et d’objets. Nous fondons notre approche sur les résultats issus des domaines des multi-agents et du WoT afin de produit un WoT Social.Notre proposition prend en compte les besoins d’hétérogénéité, de découverte et d’interaction flexible dans l’IoT. Elle offre également un coût minimal pour les développeurs et les utilisateurs via différentes couches d’abstraction permettant de limité la complexité de cet éco-système. Nous démontrons ces caractéristiques par la mise en oeuvre de plus scénarios applicatifs. / The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to create a global ubiquitous ecosystem composed of large numbers of heterogeneous devices. To achieve this vision, the World Wide Web is emerging as a suitable candidate to interconnect IoT devices and services at the application layer into a Web of Things (WoT).However, the WoT is evolving towards large silos of things, and thus the vision of a global ubiquitous ecosystem is not fully achieved. Furthermore, even if the WoT facilitates mashing up heterogeneous IoT devices and services, existing approaches result in static IoT mashups that cannot adapt to dynamic environments and evolving user requirements. The latter emphasizes another well-recognized challenge in the IoT, that is enabling people to interact with a vast, evolving, and heterogeneous IoT.To address the above limitations, we propose an architecture for an open and self-governed IoT ecosystem composed of people and things situated and interacting in a global environment sustained by heterogeneous platforms. Our approach is to endow things with autonomy and apply the social network metaphor to createflexible networks of people and autonomous things. We base our approach on results from multi-agent and WoT research, and we call the envisioned IoT ecosystem the Social Web of Things.Our proposal emphasizes heterogeneity, discoverability and flexible interaction in the IoT. In the same time, it provides a low entry-barrier for developers and users via multiple layers of abstraction that enable them to effectively cope with the complexity of the overall ecosystem. We implement several application scenarios to demonstrate these features.

The paper considers how the agile concept can be included in the User Driven Design framework. This design method combines requirements and constraints of users and stakeholders. The agile concept can be treated as one of the requirements, which should be considered differently by various users and stakeholders. The design process depends on the application fields and has to be implemented accordingly to their characteristics. The case study of this research is a monitoring and management system that enables an adaptation of the conventional dairy supply chain to the agile supply chain strategy. Due to the personalised needs of every milk supplier and daily variation of the milk production, the efficient dairy supply chain requires a real-time data regarding adaptations to the changes. The system should accommodate not only changes dependent on external environmental conditions, but also unpredictable internal circumstances. The agile-based supply chain could help to maintain the high responsiveness and flexibility among the dairy plant, transportation provider and milk suppliers. An engineering solution evaluates the agile strategy. It includes hardware and software, which monitor and manage transportation as a part of the dairy supply chain. The solution is implemented and tested at a medium-sized dairy company.

The prevalent visions of ambient intelligence leverage natural interactions between users and available services in a smart space. In recent years, we have seen a huge interest from industry and academia in using handheld devices to interact with things, places and people in the real world. To facilitate such interactions, things are usually annotated with RFID tags or visual markers. These tags or markers are read by a handheld device equipped with an integrated RFID reader or a camera, in order to fetch related information and initiate further actions. Interacting with the Internet of Things (IoT) in a real environment has become increasingly desirable and feasible. This thesis contributes to the domain of physical interactions with IoT; however, we use a spatial-geometric approach instead of RFID or marker based solutions. Using this approach, for example, a user can point his/her handheld device to an annotated thing, from a distance, for the purpose of interaction. The pointing direction and location is determined based on the fusion of the mobile position and of the accelerometer data of the handheld device. To annotate things, their geometric coordinates are specified and related information or services are associated to them. In this thesis, we present a comprehensive and extensible framework to integrate various physical interactions with IoT into multimedia applications. The framework supports the implementations of pointMe, touchMe, and context-aware based interactions with geometrically annotated IoT. We define specific methods and practices that can be incorporated in order to build the interactions. We realize smart home, atlas learning, presentation interaction, smart haptic interaction, and learning based video interaction game prototypes in order to perform experiments and demonstrate the applicability and potential of the proposed geometric based annotation approach. In the analysis of the interaction techniques of the prototypes, we present the advantages and disadvantages of the geometric based annotation of IoT as seen by potential users, in comparison to RFID tags or visual markers based approaches.

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vision that aims at inter-connecting every physical identifiable object (or, a thing) via a global networking infrastructure (e.g., the legacy Internet). Several architectures are proposed to realize this vision; many of which agree that the IoT shall be considered as a global network of networks. These networks are used to manage wireless sensors, Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, RFID readers and other types of electronic devices and integrate them into the IoT. A major requirement of the IoT architectures is scalability, which is the capability of delivering high performance even if the input size (e.g., number of the IoT objects) is large. This thesis studies and proposes solutions to meet this requirement, and specifically focuses on the scalability issues found in the networks of the IoT. The thesis proposes several network formation algorithms to achieve these objectives, where a network formation algorithm is an algorithm that, if applied to a certain network, optimizes it to perform its tasks in a more efficient manner by virtually deleting some of its nodes and/or edges. The thesis focuses on three types of networks found in the IoT: 1) RFID readers coverage networks; whose main task is to cover (i.e., identify, monitor, track, sense) IoT objects located in a given area, 2) readers inter-communications networks; whose main task is to guarantee that their nodes are able to inter-communicate with each other and hence use their resources more efficiently (the thesis specifically considers inter-communication networks of readers using Bluetooth for communications), and 3) Object Name Systems (ONS) which are networks of several inter-connected database servers (i.e., distributed database) whose main task is to resolve an object identifier into an Internet address to enable inter-communication via the Internet. These networks are chosen for several reasons. For example, the technologies and concepts found in these networks are among the major enablers of the IoT. Furthermore, these networks solve tasks that are central to any IoT architecture. Particularly, the thesis a) studies the data and readers redundancy problem found in RFID readers coverage networks and introduces decentralized RFID coverage and readers collisions avoidance algorithms to solve it, b) contributes to the problem of forming multihop inter-communications networks of Bluetooth-equipped readers by proposing decentralized time-efficient Bluetooth Scatternet Formation algorithms, and c) introduces a geographic-aware ONS architecture based on Peer-To-Peer (P2P) computing to overcome weaknesses found in existing ONS architectures.

The thesis reviews the current situation related to the Industry 4.0 and puts it into context. In the first part of the thesis, there is an introduction to the current economic situation and the major challenges. The concept and vision of Industry 4.0 is introduced together with the world's leading initiatives and examples of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing processes presented by tech leaders. The thesis also includes examples of readiness models and simulated calculation ROCE. The finding of the thesis is that, although the very concept of Industry 4.0 is not well known, digitization and automation of production continues and both are considered a necessity. Interviews with experts from the business practice in the Czech Republic introduces key opportunities and challenges arising from new technologies and when they might become the new standard.

Os objetos inteligentes (SObjs) são numerosos e irão comunicar-se diretamente através da Internet das Coisas (IoT). Esse grande número de SObjs, pode levar a IoT a enfrentar severas condições de rede, em termos de congestionamento na rede e atrasos na comunicação fim-a-fim. Assim, o gerenciamento de SObjs torna-se fundamental para evitar futuros problemas da IoT. Em tal gerenciamento, switches, network-boxes e roteadores, também chamados de gateways, são configurados para gerenciar SObjs através de reconfigurações e atualizações de software seguidas por reinicializações nos gateways. Entretanto, a dinamicidade da IoT, causa a necessidade de se reconfigurar os gateways frequentemente, i.e., a configuração vigente dos gateways torna-se rapidamente desatualizadas por lidar a todo momento com a entrada e saída de novos SObjs da rede. Assim, propõe-se uma abordagem chamada Management by Delegation Smart Object Aware System (MbDSAS), para reconfigurar gateways e gerenciar SObjs, sem a necessidade de uma atualização de software ou aplicação de patches, lidando com a dinamicidade da rede IoT. MbDSAS foi prototipado e uma avaliação foi realizada, através de um cenário, onde o fluxo de dispositivos existentes se assemelha com o de um aeroporto. Em adição, MbDSAS foi testado experimentalmente, em termos de desempenho, para avaliar sua qualificação como uma solução de gerenciamento para cenários da IoT e determinar a melhor combinação de tecnologias para implementar essa solução. Os resultados encontrados mostram que MbDSAS desempenha melhor quando desenvolvida com uma arquitetura de acesso baseada em recursos e através do uso de um módulo Open Service Gateway initiative (OSGi). MbDSAS quando comparada a um sistema de gerenciamento tradicional, se mostra superior em termos de consumo de memória e processamento, se classificando como uma importante solução para o gerenciamento de SObjs da IoT. / The smart objects (SObjs) are numerous and will communicate directly through the Internet of Things (IoT). Such huge number of SObjs may lead the IoT to face severe network conditions, in terms of network congestion and large delays. Thus, the management of SObjs is fundamental to avoid future IoT network problems. In such a management, network boxes, also called gateways, have been configured to manage SObjs with software updates or reconfiguration followed by a warm start. However, gateways configuration become soon outdated because SObjs join and leave the network quite frequently. Therefore, we propose an approach called MbDSAS to reconfigure gateways without the need of a software updating or patching to manage and detect SObjs and deal with the dynamicity of the IoT network. An evaluation of MbDSAS was performed through an airport modeled scenario. In addition, MbDSAS was experimentally tested to be qualified as a management solution to IoT scenarios and to determine the best performance combination of technologies to implement MbDSAS. The results shown that MbDSAS has its performance improved when developed with an architecture based on resources and through the use of a module textit Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi). Mb- DSAS when compared to a traditional management system shows superior in terms of memory consumption and processing, being classified as an important solution for the managing of SObjs from the IoT.

Smart home technology and IoT is rapidly gaining popularity, and many systems use mobile applications to control the hardware in the homes of the owners. Connective created by Indentive is one such system, which allows users to control things like the temperature in their homes via their smartphones. However, the usability of applications such as this one can be limited, which leads to frustration and even loss of interest for the users. This can result in critical implications for the company producing such a system – both economically and in regards to popularity. It is therefore important for companies to detect issues with their systems early on in order to address these issues and prevent negative implications. Connective was thus tested in a qualitative study using contextual inquiries with 7 participants. The data from the inquiries was then structured through thematic analysis, and the usability of the application was also tested using SUS-evaluation. Wireframe suggestions for changes to the application were then brainstormed with the thematic analysis and the result of the SUS in mind. Major issues that were addressed were access to help, information, the layout, the handling of errors, and feedback. Future studies should include further, more in-depth qualitative studies, perhaps in combination with quantitative data, to further improve and develop the wireframe-suggestions into working prototypes that can then be user tested.

The entry of information technology into our homes and workplaces has changed our way of life. Technologies such as the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence are increasingly being used by companies today as means to create new smart services. Digital transformation is happening here and now across many industries. A digital transformation involves a major change in the company and its business model with the aim of creating value. Due to the extensive nature of the digital transformation, there are good incentives to thoroughly investigate existing barriers before a change work can begin. Many studies have been conducted aimed at examining barriers to digital development in, for example, the production industry, but few studies have been conducted aimed at examining barriers within the service sector. This study aims to investigate the barriers that can hamper a digital transformation of an insurance company. In order to answer this research question, a case study was conducted with five semi-structured interviews with informants at an insurance company. The results show that several different barriers exist, most of which can be linked to technical, environmental, organizational and cultural barriers.