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Bakgrund: Långvarig smärta innebär stort lidande för individen. Multimodal rehabilitering har positiv påverkan på långvarig smärta, men det är ej känt vilken multimodal rehabilitering som är effektivast. Ökad kunskap om vilka delar i smärtrehabilitering som gör nytta är viktigt för att kunna optimera vården. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka kroppsmedvetenhet, tilltro till egen förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv och självskattad fysisk aktivitetsnivå för personer med långvarig smärta samt att undersöka om dessa variabler förändrades av multimodal smärtrehabilitering. Syftet var även att undersöka korrelationen mellan kroppsmedvetenhet och tilltro till egen förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv. Metod: Studien hade en deskriptiv, korrelerande kvasiexperimentell design. Patienter med långvarig smärta som vårdades inneliggande för ett 4 veckors långt multimodal smärtrehabiliteringsprogram besvarade direkt före och efter rehabiliteringen frågeformulären Multidimensional Assessment of Interoception Awareness (MAIA) och Exercise Self-efficacy Scale (S-ESES) samt Socialstyrelsens indikatorfrågor för fysisk aktivitet. Resultat: Tjugofem personer deltog i studien. Interventionen ökade vissa dimensioner av kroppsmedvetenhet samt tilltron till egen förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv. Den självskattade fysiska aktivitetsnivån var låg och ökade ej efter interventionen. Korrelationen mellan MAIA och S-ESES var statistiskt signifikant efter interventionen. Konklusion: Multimodal smärtrehabilitering kan öka kroppsmedvetenhet och tilltro till egen förmåga att vara fysiskt aktiv för personer med långvarig smärta. / Background: Chronic pain implies a big suffering for individuals. Multimodal rehabilitation has a positive impact on chronic pain, but it is unknown which rehabilitation that is the most effective. Increased knowledge of which parts in pain rehabilitation that are effective is important to be able to optimize the care of these individuals. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate interoception, exercise self-efficacy and level of self-assessed physical activity in people suffering from chronic pain and explore if these variables are changed by multimodal pain rehabilitation. The purpose was also to investigate the correlation between interoception and execise self-efficay. Method: The study had a descriptive, correlating experimental within-group design. Patients with chronic pain that were enrolled for inpatient care 4 weeks of multimodal pain rehabilitation answered the questionnaires Multidimensional Assessment of Interoception Awareness (MAIA) and swedish version of Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (S-ESES) and the Swedish social welfare boards indicator questions of level of physical activity before and after the intervention. Results: Twenty five persons participated in the study. The intervention increased some dimensions of interoception and the exercise self-efficacy. The self-assessed level of physical activity was low and did not increase. The correlation between MAIA and S-ESES was strengthened by the intervention. Conclusion: Multimodal pain rehabilitation can for people with chronic pain increase interoception and exercise self-efficacy.

The aim of this study was to investigate the comparative effects of mindful meditation and cyclic hyperventilation with retention upon interoceptive ability and heart rate variability (HRV). Further studies comparing meditation and breathwork contribute to a greater understanding of their potential benefits and have the potential to enhance overall well-being in the general population. A pre-post randomized controlled trial design was employed. Interoceptive accuracy was assessed through heartbeat detection task. Interoceptive sensibility was measured through confidence judgments, and interoceptive awareness by the correlation between accuracy and sensibility. Participants were randomly assigned to perform mindful meditation or cyclic hyperventilation with retention once per day for 21 consecutive days. No differences in interoceptive capacity and HRV was observed between the groups, but a tendency towards improved accuracy and increased confidence for both groups. However, the mindful meditation group exhibited a stronger positive association between HRV and interoceptive accuracy after the intervention, while the opposite was true for the cyclic hyperventilation group. Additionally, interoceptive awareness remained stable throughout the study. Mindful meditation demonstrated an enhancement in parasympathetic activity, as evidenced by higher RMSSD values. In contrast, cyclic hyperventilation with retention resulted in a substantial reduction in parasympathetic activity. This study highlights the complexity of interoception and emphasizes the need for further investigation in the context of mindfulness-based and breathwork interventions. / Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka de jämförande effekterna av medveten meditation och cyklisk hyperventilation med bibehållande på interoceptiv förmåga och hjärtfrekvensvariabilitet (HRV). Fler studier som jämför meditation och andningsövningar leder till en ökad förståelse av dess potentiella fördelar och står att gynna det övergripande välbefinnandet i den breda befolkningen. En pre-post randomiserad försöksdesign användes. Interoceptiv noggrannhet bedömdes genom en uppgift för att känna hjärtslag. Interoceptiv känslighet mättes genom konfidenskattningar och interoceptiv medvetenhet genom korrelationen mellan noggrannhet och känslighet. Deltagarna tilldelades slumpmässigt medveten meditation eller cyklisk hyperventilation en gång om dagen i 21 dagar. Inga skillnader i interoceptiv förmåga och HRV observerades mellan grupperna, men det fanns en tendens till förbättrad noggrannhet och ökad sensibilitet för båda grupperna. Likväl visade medveten meditation en starkare positiv association mellan HRV och interoceptiv noggrannhet efter interventionen, medan det motsatta var sant för cyklisk hyperventilation. Dessutom förblev interoceptiv medvetenhet stabil under hela studien. Medveten meditation visade en förbättring av parasympatisk aktivitet, vilket bevisades av högre RMSSD-värden. Å andra sidan resulterade cyklisk hyperventilation med bibehållande en betydande minskning av parasympatisk aktivitet. Denna studie belyser interoceptionens komplexitet och betonar behovet av ytterligare undersökning inom ramen för interventioner baserade på mindfulness och andningsarbete.

För forskning om emotioner och emotionsbehandling är det en spännande tid. Nyare hjärnforskning har öppnat nya möjligheter för förståelsen av hjärnan och emotioner. En ny teori inom psykologisk konstruktionism, som utgår från hjärnforskningen, tvärvetenskapliga studier och bristerna i den dominerande affektteorin, basic emotion, är Theory of constructed emotion (TCE). Ännu finns ingen behandlingsmodell kopplad till TCE men utifrån dess fokus att beskriva hur hjärnan fungerar och emotioner skapas är det ändå intressant att undersöka om dess verksamma mekanismer. Detta är en översiktlig litteraturstudie med syfte att undersöka begreppen; allostas, interoception och emotionell granularitet i sammanhanget psykisk ohälsa och psykologisk behandling av emotionell problematik. Resultatet visar att allostas, kroppsbudgeten, är grunden i vår fysiska och psykiska mående, interoception och hjärnans prediktioner är viktiga för vår förmåga att förstå våra emotioner och emotionell granularitet hjälper oss att konstruera finkorniga emotionskoncept vilket hjälper oss att välja rätt handling vid rätt tillfälle till rätt emotion. Att träna upp interoception och emotionell granularitet hjälper oss att vidmakthålla psykisk hälsa och är bra psykoedukativa inslag i psykologisk behandling. Mer forskning behövs, främst kring hur man kan tillämpa begreppen i psykologisk behandling samt generellt för att bättre kunna integrera ny emotionsforskning med dominerande teorier för en gemensam förståelse för emotioner och psykoterapi. / For research on emotions and emotion processing, it's an exciting time. More recent brain research has opened new possibilities for the understanding of the brain and emotions. A new theory in psychological constructionism, based on brain research, interdisciplinary studies and the shortcomings of the dominant affect theory, basic emotion, is the Theory of constructed emotion (TCE). There is no treatment model linked to TCE yet but based on its focus on describing how the brain works and emotions are created, it is still interesting to investigate whether its active mechanisms. This is a general literature study with the aim of examining the concepts; allostasis, interoception and emotional granularity in the context of mental illness and psychological treatment of emotional problems. The results show that allostasis, the body budget, is the foundation of our physical and mental well-being, interoception and brain predictions are important for our ability to understand our emotions and emotional granularity helps us construct fine-grained emotion concepts that help us choose the right action at the right time to the right emotion. Training interoception and emotional granularity helps us maintain mental health and is a good psychoeducative element in psychological treatment. More research is needed, primarily on how to apply the concepts in psychological treatment and in general to better integrate new emotion research with dominant theories for a common understanding of emotions and psychotherapy.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Justin Schwartz, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 24, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Anxiety involves both bodily reactions and subjective feelings.Research suggests a positive link between heightened interoception -the perception of bodily signals - and experiences of emotions andanxiety. It has also been theorized that believing bodily signals to havenegative implications (interoceptive fear) can increase the awarenessof these signals, in turn increasing levels of anxiety. In this master’sthesis the goal was to assess this proposal. Self-reported fear of bodilysensations (interoceptive fear) and awareness of bodily sensations(interoceptive sensibility) were used to predict levels of anxiety. Theresults showed that all three variables were positively related and thatincluding interoceptive fear as a second predictor of anxiety in amultiple regression model attenuated the unique predictive value ofinteroceptive sensibility. Despite some limitations, such as the factthat some potential confounders could not be controlled for, and thatthe study was cross-sectional, the study highlights the importance ofconsidering fear and awareness of bodily sensations in anxiety.

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The feeling of owning a body part is often investigated by conducting and manipulating the rubber hand illusion, a three-way integration of vision, touch, and proprioception. In the last decade, more research on the role of interoception, the sense of the body's’ internal state, in the illusion has been made. One of the studied factors has been the affective touch, a caress-like, gentle, touch that is performed at a slow specific speed (1-10 cm/sec). Affective touch activates the C tactile afferents which send interoceptive signals to the brain, specifically the insula. The present systematic review investigated the role affective touch has on the strength of the rubber hand illusion. A range of electronic databases was searched for papers reporting research findings published in English before March 20, 2020. Twelve different articles were identified, but only five papers met the inclusion criteria. This thesis looked at the results from these five different studies and compared the effect of affective touch and discriminative, regular, touch have on the rubber hand illusion to see whether there is a significant difference. The results could not show a main effect of stroking velocity, site of stimulation, or social touch, which are components of affective touch. The results was based on four different measurements, the subjective experience of the illusion, pleasantness ratings, proprioceptive drift, and temperature difference in the skin. Opposed what was hypothesized, it could not be demonstrated that affective touch would induce a stronger rubber hand illusion than discriminative touch.

In this dissertation, we aimed at better understanding the role of learning in shaping the contents of consciousness. To capture variations in consciousness, we took subjective measures as a starting point, and we performed several studies measuring their relation to human behavior, peripheral physiology and brain physiology in about 160 participants. We first focused on the learning mechanisms implicated in learning with feedback from the body, and then investigated how autonomic responses related to several aspects of awareness in associative learning tasks. Our results provide evidence that people can improve in their sensitivity to discriminate between mental states, while their confidence in doing so is unaffected. Our results also indicate no evidence for the malleability of phasic heart rate response by implicit knowledge. Taken together, these results suggest that consciousness is not easily influenced by learning with external feedback from the body. At a more abstract conceptual level, we explored several methodological considerations when interpreting changes in subjective reports and separated the potential contributions of knowledge and direct perception. Finally, we presented a novel taxonomy for categorizing neurofeedback paradigms, which may be of help to disentangle the learning process that is implicated in neurofeedback. / Doctorat en Sciences psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

America’s elementary-aged children are struggling in school. Teachers and parents report that children are demonstrating difficulty attending to and staying engaged with instructional activities in classrooms nationwide. As a result, teachers must manage children's dysregulation as it may impact their immediate learning abilities and produce further downstream consequences in the K-12 environment. These elementary-aged children are often referred to school-based occupational therapy. The referrals indicate social-emotional learning (SEL) deficits. These social-emotional processes and the child’s learning are negatively impacted by increased anxiety. Evidence supports these findings. In fact, the current literature on the topic reveals multiple contributing factors including sensory functions that link body cues to emotions. This doctoral project provides an overview of My Body Feelings (My BF) curriculum. This project details the curriculum’s development, and the specific connection of school-based interventions. My BF is informed by three educational theories including Sociocultural Theory, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Theory of Constructed Emotions. Curriculum materials and lessons are organized as well as structured for the instructors using the Understanding by Design Framework. The program incorporates current evidence-based intervention strategies in 21 accessible 30-minute sessions complete with take home Exit Tickets. The result is an educational curriculum which directly addresses decreased self-regulation in children. The skills developed in the program will drive situation-specific coping skill development in children in grade levels 1-5. The anticipated outcome is improved emotional health and well-being of today's elementary-aged children impacting their important occupational role of student.