The issue of natural resource scarcity has so far been addressed in the literature on the basis of various measures such as the unit cost of production, the relative market price, and the shadow price of a resource. Although it has been recognized that there exists some kind of jointness (sometimes inseparable) between an extractible resource and its surrounding environment, none of the measures, either theoretically or empirically, have included this concern. In order to extract and use a natural resource (e.g., coal) the environment (air, water, etc.) must also be used as a repository of the discharged wastes (e.g., sulphur oxides, nitrous oxides, particulates, etc.) . Moreover, if there is a mandated level of the environmental resource (e. g., clean air) that has to be maintained, then certain additional costs must be borne by society (firms utilizing the resource). Thus, in evaluating the scarcity of an extractible resource, the relative position of the environmental resource also must be evaluated. The present study has incorporated such jointness in the evaluation of the measure of resource scarcity. The theoretical model has been developed in an optimal control framework. It has been analytically shown that this new measure of resource scarcity would indicate a different trend compared to earlier ones. The measure of resource scarcity developed in this study captures previous measures as special cases. In an uncertain world, when the impacts of use of an extractible resource on the environment is not known the stock size of the environmental resource becomes uncertain. It has been analytically shown that in a situation of uncertain environmental stock the scarcity indicator would indicate a relatively slower extraction compared to that of a deterministic world. Empirical investigations in this study suggest that coal in use might be becoming relatively scarce if one considers the use of it in the electricity industry as the major use, compared to a situation where no environmental concerns are in effect.

This research is an exploration of the local, place-based knowledge surrounding a degraded urban river, the Lower Neponset River and Estuary in southern Boston Harbor, Massachusetts, and its environmental restoration. Through a mixed-methods approach to sociological inquiry that included 18-months of ethnographic interviews and participant observations, Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, archival document research, and critical environmental history, it explores the different ways local citizens interpret the river as a place of historical importance, personal nostalgia, social and family networks, neighborhood legacies, aesthetics, economic security, danger, psychological refuge, ecology, and political power. Using an interpretive analysis of the narrative, visual, and spatial data related to those meanings, it then explores how such different local, place-based interpretations can be used to inform the theory, practice and politics of urban river restoration. The research shows that recognition of the socio-cultural diversity in local citizen interpretations of the Lower Neponset River's restoration is important for environmental managers, planners, and local decision-makers to recognize alongside ecological and economic development "best-practices" (e.g., holistic watershed management, anadromous fish re-introduction, flow and function, ecosystem services, affordable housing quotas, "Smart" growth, etc.). The research recommends that environmental managers, planners, and local politicians and decision-makers give equal consideration to the socio-cultural, political, economic, and ecological factors surrounding urban rivers, and the diversity of meanings that their "restoration" conjures, in order to make strides towards ethical environmental restoration and management practices that are socially, as well as environmentally, sustainable.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T11:25:32Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kemuel Kesley Ferreira dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 4826310 bytes, checksum: c4a950407440709a2b0b32e426350fb3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T11:32:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kemuel Kesley Ferreira dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 4826310 bytes, checksum: c4a950407440709a2b0b32e426350fb3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T11:32:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Kemuel Kesley Ferreira dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 4826310 bytes, checksum: c4a950407440709a2b0b32e426350fb3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / This recheach deals with concepts and aesthetic characteristics of Scenic Music for Percussion. This is a look at performative possibilities in the performance of the contemporary percussionist, with regard to scenic musical works. One of the objectives of the work was to present and discuss concepts related to Scenic Music for Percussion, with the intention of contributing to a conceptual and performative understanding. As a methodology, a bibliographical research was carried out that helped us to construct our conceptual positioning, having as analogous references some aesthetic currents of avant-garde art from the 20th century. The research also resulted in the presentation and discussion of the concepts of Martins (2015), Serale (2011), Huang (2011) and Hansen (2014) about the theme and we propose a list with different nomenclatures used by several authors to designate Scenic Music. In this way, we present our positioning regarding the conceptualization and characterization of Scenic Music for Percussion. Finally, an interpretative analysis of Frederic Rzewski's Lost and Found (1985) was carried out, taking account all the discussion prior to this analysis. / Este trabalho aborda conceitos e características estéticas da Música Cênica para Percussão. Trata-se de um olhar sobre possibilidades performativas na atuação do percussionista contemporâneo, no que diz respeito a obras cênico musicais. Um dos objetivos do trabalho foi o de expor e discutir conceitos referentes à Música Cênica para Percussão, com a intenção de contribuir para um entendimento conceitual e performativo. Como metodologia realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica que nos auxiliou a construir o nosso posicionamento conceitual tendo como referenciais análogos algumas correntes estéticas da arte de vanguarda do séc. XX. A pesquisa também resultou na apresentação e discussão dos conceitos de Martins (2015), Serale (2011), Huang (2011) e Hansen (2014) sobre o tema. Foi criado uma lista com diferentes nomenclaturas usadas por diversos autores para designar a Música Cênica, o que nos possibilitou embasamento para nosso posicionamento quanto à conceituação e caracterização da Música Cênica para Percussão. Finalmente, foi realizada uma análise interpretativa da obra Lost and Found (1985) de Frederic Rzewski (1938-), levando-se em consideração toda a discussão anterior a esta análise.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty could be used to effectively expand the media-narrowed definition of beauty. This study focused on the Onslaught video and corresponding message board. The sample included 119 posts written by 85 different message board users. Both a descriptive and interpretive content analysis based on reception analysis was used to deconstruct the message posters' interpretation and construction of individual beauty. The posters used the board primarily to express themselves, attach blame to the media and arrive at consensus. Overall, the users responded positively to the campaign. Twenty themes emerged from the posts, with the most prevalent attaching blame to the media for societal problems. The findings of this study suggest that Dove effectively created an online community where women could find a voice to express themselves and share experiences. More importantly, Dove initiated a public discussion that is a preliminary step in changing social norms. As such, the campaign should be viewed as having been effective.

O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma análise interpretativa da obra Le Livre Magique de Xangô, duo para violino e violoncelo, do compositor brasileiro José Antônio Rezende de Almeida Prado (1943-2010). Composta em 1985, à luz da fase pósmodernista do compositor, baseia-se na melodia de raiz afrorreligiosa o \"Canto de Xangô\". Esta melodia foi empregada por muitos compositores brasileiros, incluindo Villa-Lobos, e denota a herança nacionalista recebida por Almeida Prado durante seus primeiros anos de estudos com Camargo Guarnieri (1907-1993). Além disso, esta dissertação tem como objetivo examinar as complexidades técnico-instrumentais da obra produzindo soluções técnicas. Por fim, decidiu-se preparar a edição da partitura, pois a versão atual encontra-se em manuscrito, acrescentando as mudanças feitas sob a supervisão do compositor, ao longo dos ensaios preparatórios para o concerto de estreia mundial, em 2003. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present a performance analysis of the work Le Livre Magique de Xangô, duo for violin and cello, by the Brazilian composer José Antônio Rezende de Almeida Prado (1943-2010). Composed in 1985, in the light of the composer\'s postmodernist phase, it is based on the afro religious root melody of the \"Canto de Xangô\". This melody was used by many Brazilian composers, including Villa -Lobos, and it denotes the nationalist heritage received from Almeida Prado during his first years of study with Camargo Guarnieri (1907-1993). Moreover, this dissertation has the purpose to examine the technical difficulties found in this piece and how to solve them. Finally, the author decided to prepare a edited score, because the current version is in manuscript and including changes made under the composer\'s supervision, during the preparatory rehearsals for the concert of world premiere in 2003.

O objetivo desta dissertação é apresentar uma análise interpretativa da obra Le Livre Magique de Xangô, duo para violino e violoncelo, do compositor brasileiro José Antônio Rezende de Almeida Prado (1943-2010). Composta em 1985, à luz da fase pósmodernista do compositor, baseia-se na melodia de raiz afrorreligiosa o \"Canto de Xangô\". Esta melodia foi empregada por muitos compositores brasileiros, incluindo Villa-Lobos, e denota a herança nacionalista recebida por Almeida Prado durante seus primeiros anos de estudos com Camargo Guarnieri (1907-1993). Além disso, esta dissertação tem como objetivo examinar as complexidades técnico-instrumentais da obra produzindo soluções técnicas. Por fim, decidiu-se preparar a edição da partitura, pois a versão atual encontra-se em manuscrito, acrescentando as mudanças feitas sob a supervisão do compositor, ao longo dos ensaios preparatórios para o concerto de estreia mundial, em 2003. / The purpose of this dissertation is to present a performance analysis of the work Le Livre Magique de Xangô, duo for violin and cello, by the Brazilian composer José Antônio Rezende de Almeida Prado (1943-2010). Composed in 1985, in the light of the composer\'s postmodernist phase, it is based on the afro religious root melody of the \"Canto de Xangô\". This melody was used by many Brazilian composers, including Villa -Lobos, and it denotes the nationalist heritage received from Almeida Prado during his first years of study with Camargo Guarnieri (1907-1993). Moreover, this dissertation has the purpose to examine the technical difficulties found in this piece and how to solve them. Finally, the author decided to prepare a edited score, because the current version is in manuscript and including changes made under the composer\'s supervision, during the preparatory rehearsals for the concert of world premiere in 2003.

En esta investigación se aborda el tratamiento de la fraseología periférica y, más específicamente, de la clase de las Unidades Fraseológicas Pragmáticas (UFP), en la enseñanza y aprendizaje del español y del italiano como lenguas extranjeras. Ante el papel que esta unidades juegan en el desarrollo de las competencias fraseológica y comunicativa global, así como las lagunas que, a pesar del creciente interés que despiertan los estudios fraseológicos, siguen afectando a esta parcela, nuestro objetivo es definir las especificidades que su didáctica implica y proponer un acercamiento práctico a la misma. Valiéndonos del marco metodológico de la Investigación en la Acción Educativa combinado con un análisis cualitativo-interpretativo, hemos diseñado y testado en el aula un modelo didáctico operativo, llamado Modelo Fraseológico-Pragmático (Mo.Fra.P.), a través del cual planteamos unos recursos y procedimientos, tanto lingüístico-fraseológicos como pedagógicos, susceptibles de ser aplicados al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las UFP. / This dissertation analyzes the treatment of the peripheral area of the phraseological repertoire, especially Phraseological-Pragmatic Units (UFP), in the teaching environment of Spanish and Italian as foreign languages. This work describes the specificities of UFP pedagogy and, especially, provides a practical approach to it, considering the role played by these units in students’ development of phraseological competence and, consequently, in their global communicative competence, as well as the gaps that, despite increasing interest in phraseological studies, continue to affect this area. Making use of the Action Research framework combined with a qualitative/interpretive analysis, the author designed and tested an operative model, called Phraseological-Pragmatic Model (Mo.Fra.P.), with students in class, by means of suggesting linguistic-phraseological and didactic resources and methods, that can be applied to the teaching and learning of UFP. / Nel presente studio si analizza il trattamento riservato alla fraseologia periferica, in particolare alle Unità Fraseologico-Pragmatiche (UFP), nell’ambito dell’insegnamento e apprendimento dello spagnolo e dell’italiano como lingue straniere. Tenendo conto del ruolo che queste unità svolgono ai fini dello sviluppo della competenza fraseologica y comunicativa globale e, allo stesso tempo, delle lacune che, nonostante il crescente interesse suscitato dagli studi fraseologici, permangono in questa area, l’obiettivo è definire le specificità che la didattica delle UFP implica e proporre un approccio pratico alla medesima. Servendoci della metodologia della ricerca nell’azione educativa combinata con un’indagine qualitativo-interpretativa, abbiamo disegnato e testato in aula un modello didattico operativo, che prende il nome di Modello Fraseologico-Pragmatico (Mo.Fra.P.), mediante il quale proponiamo una serie di risorse e procedimenti, linguistico-fraseologici e pedagogici, da applicarsi nell’ambito del processo di insegnamento e apprendimento delle UFP.

The thesis How Do Ordinary Party Members Perceive Themselves? The Case of the KDU-CSL explores both the relation between an ordinary party member and his political party and his role within the party. Therefore, the subject or our research represents the ordinary party member of the KDU-CSL defined as a member without any elected or executive political office. The theoretical framework of the thesis refers to a range authors concerning with political parties and their organisational aspects. The principal empirical part of the thesis is devoted to an analysis of party members in two Czech regions - Prague and the South Moravian region. The thesis is based on the primary qualitative research (semi-structured in-depth interviews and content textual analysis) conducted by the author herself.

La mise à l’échelle (scaling up) est un processus qui vise à accroitre l’impact et la pérennité des effets d’innovations jugées prometteuses. Les publications à ce sujet sont en progression importante dans le domaine de la santé depuis une vingtaine d’années. Toutefois, ces processus ont été étudiés de manière essentiellement technique malgré l’importance soulignée dans la littérature d’y prendre en compte des questions évolutives de sens et de valeurs. Ceci est particulièrement significatif pour les innovations de promotion de la santé, construites sur les capacités et collaborations de différents acteurs qui y partagent et négocient diverses vues sur les problèmes, les actions à entreprendre et leur but. Les contenus de ces innovations sont susceptibles d’évoluer de manière significative dans la mise à l’échelle, et d’affecter la fonction d’impact et pérennité du processus. Peu d’études, cependant, mobilisent des théories et méthodologies explicites à cet égard. Cette thèse s’inscrit dans une vision sociale de la mise à l’échelle et propose d’ajouter le concept de cadre interprétatif, ou « frame », à son outillage conceptuel ; elle vise à explorer l’utilité de cette notion au regard de la dynamique sociale de la mise à l’échelle d’innovations complexes de promotion de la santé. La thèse poursuit deux objectifs : 1) développer une articulation théorique de nature sociale pour la mise à l’échelle intégrant la notion de frame ; et 2) explorer l’utilité des frames comme ‘représentations’ pour documenter l’évolution du contenu des innovations au cours de leur mise à l’échelle. La réponse au premier objectif s’appuie sur une perspective de complexité des interventions en tant que réseaux dynamiques d’acteurs pour conceptualiser la mise à l’échelle comme une expansion de réseaux où le framing des questions de santé évolue au travers des relations entre acteurs. L’articulation théorique développée combine la sociologie de l’innovation - théorie de l’acteur-réseau - et les perspectives des frames pour envisager ceux-ci en tant que ‘représentations’ ou ‘interactions’. En réponse au second objectif, l’approche ‘représentationnelle’ aux frames est appliquée à l’étude d’un cas de mise à l’échelle d’innovation éducative à caractère intersectoriel concernant le développement de jeunes enfants socialement désavantagés. Sur la base de documents cadres qui balisent les phases ‘pilote’ et ‘programme à l’échelle’ de l'innovation, une analyse critique de frames est pratiquée au regard de la capacité du programme à grande échelle à supporter l’action sur les inégalités sociales de développement des enfants et l’équité. Les résultats illustrent des différences significatives de définitions du ‘problème’ du DJE et de la solution préconisée pour le programme à grande échelle, qui constituent des améliorations, mais aussi certaines ‘détériorations’ au regard des inégalités et de l’équité. En tant que constructions réalisées à partir des ‘produits’ du processus social qui s’opère dans le réseau intersectoriel des acteurs, les frames comme ‘représentations’ analysés de manière critique sont utiles pour expliciter et caractériser l’évolution des contenus des innovations et leurs conséquences pour la mise à l’échelle. Mobilisés dans un échange constructif avec les acteurs concernés, les frames pourraient constituer un outil intéressant pour favoriser la réflexivité à l’égard de ces processus et de l’impact et de la durabilité des effets des innovations portées à grande échelle. Cette thèse contribue de manière théorique à la littérature de santé publique en clarifiant l’utilité des frames et la manière dont ce concept peut être mobilisé pour documenter la dynamique de la mise à l’échelle d’innovations complexes de promotion de la santé. / Scaling up is a process that aims to increase the impact and sustainability of the effects of innovations deemed promising. Publications on this subject have markedly increased in the field of health over the past twenty years. However, these processes have essentially been studied in a technical way, despite the importance underlined in the literature to take into account their evolving meanings and values. This is particularly significant for health promotion innovations, built on the capacities and collaborations of different actors who share and negotiate various views on the problems, the actions to be taken and their goal. The contents of these innovations are likely to evolve significantly during scaling up, affecting impact and sustainability goals of the process. Few studies, however, mobilize explicit theories and methodologies in this respect. This thesis is part of a social vision of scaling up, and proposes to add the concept of ‘frame’ to its conceptual tools; it aims to explore the usefulness of this notion with regard to the social dynamics of scaling up health promotion innovations. The thesis pursues two objectives: 1) to develop a theoretical articulation of a social nature for scaling up, integrating the notion of frame; and 2) to explore the usefulness of frames as ‘representations’ to document the evolution of the content of innovations during their scaling up. The response to the first objective is based on a complexity perspective of interventions as dynamic networks of actors to conceptualize scaling up as an expansion of networks where the framing of health issues evolves through the relationships between the actors. The theoretical articulation developed combines the sociology of innovation - actor-network theory - and the perspectives of frames to consider them as 'representations' or 'interactions'. In response to the second objective, the 'representational' approach to frames is applied to the study of a scaling up case concerning an intersectoral educational innovation for the development of socially disadvantaged young children. On the basis of framework documents which mark out the 'pilot' and 'at scale program' phases of the innovation, a critical analysis of frames is carried out with regard to the capacity of the large-scale program to support action on the social inequalities in child development and equity. The results illustrate significant differences in definitions of the ECD ‘problem’ and of the recommended ‘solution’ for the at scale program, which constitute improvements, but also some ‘deteriorations’ with regard to inequalities and equity. As constructions made from the 'products' of the social process that takes place in the intersectoral network of actors, the frames as 'representations' critically analyzed are useful for explaining and characterizing the evolution of the contents of innovations and their consequences for scaling up. Mobilized in a constructive exchange with the actors concerned, the frames could constitute an interesting tool to promote reflexivity with regard to these processes and to the impact and sustainability of the effects of innovations carried out on a large scale. This thesis contributes theoretically to the public health literature by clarifying the usefulness of frames and the way in which this concept can be mobilized to document the dynamics of the scaling up of complex health promotion innovations.