Cette recherche doctorale porte sur la construction du récit muséal d’un évènement historique majeur du XXe siècle : le Débarquement en Normandie du 6 juin 1944. La Basse-Normandie est un territoire, aujourd’hui marqué par la présence de près d’une trentaine de structures muséales et de lieux de mémoire. Quel discours sur le Jour-J est-il délivré ? Que contient-il ? Sur quels aspects historiques insiste-il ? Au contraire, quels éléments sont passés sous silence ? La narration délivrée dans la région est mise en rapport à l’historiographie la plus récente mais est également comparée aux expositions de musées blockbusters que sont l’Imperial War Museum de Londres, le Musée de l’Armée de Paris et le Musée Royal de l’Armée de Bruxelles. Cette démarche, en plus de nous conduire à déterminer l’existence -ou non- d’un récit typiquement normand, doit nous permettre d’analyser les messages portés par ces structures et de comprendre à qui ils s’adressent en priorité. / His PhD thesis focuses on the museal story construction of one the XXth century main historic event: the landing of June 6, 1944. Nowadays, Lower Normandy is a territory scattered with almost thirty museums and memorials. What is the speech about D-Day? What is it made of? On which aspects does it insist? And which ones are ignored? The storytelling of this region is compared to the newest historiography and also to exhibitions of blockbusters’ museums such as the London’s Imperial War Museum, Paris’s Army Museum and the Royal Museum of the Armed Forces and Military History of Brussels. In this approach, we'll try to determine whether a specific speech from Normandy exists or not, and we will also analyse the museums' discourses as well as to whom they are addressed.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-12-19T15:57:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) vitor_antunes_martins_costa.pdf: 1528193 bytes, checksum: f3bfb92e98d475f9f7d9906fb470b3cd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-01-03T17:19:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) vitor_antunes_martins_costa.pdf: 1528193 bytes, checksum: f3bfb92e98d475f9f7d9906fb470b3cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-03T17:19:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) vitor_antunes_martins_costa.pdf: 1528193 bytes, checksum: f3bfb92e98d475f9f7d9906fb470b3cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / O estabelecimento de esp?cies ex?ticas em ?reas degradados p?s fogo ? recorrente na Mata Atl?ntica. Estas esp?cies modificam a estrutura e fun??o do ecossistema resultando em significativa altera??o no fornecimento dos servi?os ecossist?micos. Assim, formas de recupera??o das condi??es nativas para desenvolver o ecossistema que existia anteriormente s?o aplicadas. Desta forma, em uma ?rea de Mata Atl?ntica com hist?rico de dist?rbio provocado por inc?ndio seguido de elevada infesta??o de plantas ex?ticas avaliou-se a sobreviv?ncia e desenvolvimentos de esp?cies nativas transplantadas na ?rea e o comportamento das plantas ex?ticas ap?s a aplica??o dos tratamentos, em dois experimentos. Utilizou-se as seguintes esp?cies: Tapirira guianenses Aubl, Platycyamus regnelli Benth, Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, Copaifera langsdorffii Desf, Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. All. Ex Benth, , Hymenaea courbaril L., Melanoxylon brauna Schott VU, Joanesia princeps Vell., e Eugenia uniflora L. Avaliou-se sobreviv?ncia, altura, di?metro ao n?vel do solo, ?rea de copa das mudas transplantadas e cobertura das esp?cies ex?ticas (Samambaia e Capim meloso). O experimento 1, que consistia de esp?cies Pioneiras, foi plantado nas densidades de 2000, 2500 e 4000 plantas ha-1. O experimento 2, que consistia de esp?cies de grupos distintos, foi implantado nas densidades de 2000, 3000 e 4000 plantas ha-1. Para os tratamentos, combinou-se formas de remo??o das esp?cies ex?ticas (gradagem ou ro?ada) nas diferentes densidades de plantio. Entre as duas avali??es realizadas, a maior sobreviv?ncia das esp?cies nativas foi registrada na primeira avalia??o. No entanto, para altura, di?metro ao n?vel do solo e ?rea de copa as maiores m?dias foram registradas na segunda avalia??o. Em rela??o ?s formas de remo??o, a utiliza??o da gradagem tem promovido maior sobreviv?ncia das mudas. As esp?cies ex?ticas est?o em alta densidade na ?rea. Em algumas parcelas, estas ocupam quase 100% do solo. O plantio sofreu aumento de mortalidade decorrente do per?odo de estiagem entre as avalia??es. A samambaia, adaptada a condi??es de elevado pH e baixa qualidade nutricional, pode ter alterado o ambiente e proporcionado o desenvolvimento de capim meloso. Esp?cies pioneiras, como Anadenanthera colubrina, pode ser uma competidora equivalente das esp?cies ex?ticas, visto seu r?pido crescimento e boa adapta??o ?s condi??es locais impostas. Verificou-se necessidade de controle das plantas daninhas, mesmo em parcelas onde as esp?cies arb?reas est?o se desenvolvendo bem, em fun??o do aumento de densidade das infestantes. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017. / The establishment of exotic species in degraded areas after fire is recurrent in the Atlantic Forest. These species modify the structure and function of the ecosystem resulting in a significant change in the provision of ecosystem services. Thus, ways of recovering the native conditions to develop the ecosystem that existed previously are applied. Thus, in an area of Atlantic Forest with a history of fire-induced disturbance followed by high infestation of exotic plants the survival and development of native species transplanted in the area and the behavior of exotic plants after the application of the treatments were evaluated in two experiments. The following species were used: Tapirira guianenses Aubl, Platycyamus regnelli Benth, Inga sessilis (Vell.) Mart., Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong., Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan, Copaifera langsdorffii Desf, Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Fr. All. Ex Benth., Hymenaea courbaril L., Melanoxylon brauna Schott VU, Joanesia princeps Vell., and Eugenia uniflora L. survival, height, diameter at ground level, crown area of transplanted seedlings and cover of exotic species (Fern and Mellow Grass). Experiment 1, which consisted of Pioneer species, was planted at densities of 2000, 2500 and 4000 plants ha-1. Experiment 2, which consisted of species of distinct groups, was implanted at densities of 2000, 3000 and 4000 plants ha-1. For the treatments, forms of removal of the exotic species (harrowing or mowing) at the different planting densities were combined. Among the two evaluations, the highest survival of native species was recorded in the first evaluation. However, for height, diameter at ground level and crown area the highest averages were recorded in the second evaluation. Regarding the forms of removal, the use of harrowing has promoted greater survival of the seedlings. Exotic species are in high density in the area. In some plots, these occupy almost 100% of the soil. Planting increased mortality due to the dry season between evaluations. The fern, adapted to conditions of high pH and low nutritional quality, may have altered the environment and provided the development of mellow grass. Pioneering species, such as Anadenanthera colubrina, may be an equivalent competitor of exotic species because of their rapid growth and good adaptation to local conditions imposed. There was a need for weed control, even in plots where tree species are developing well, due to the increase in weeds density.

Une analyse génomique (Comparative Genomic Hybridization) a été réalisée sur une cohorte d’adénomes et de tumeurs coliques et a mis en évidence, parmi d’autres altérations, la délétion de la région 1p36.12 dans 23% des adénomes et 47% des carcinomes. Parmi les 15 gènes ayant une fonction connue retrouvés dans cette zone, le gène codant pour le facteur de transcription E2F2 a été retenu en raison de son implication dans des processus cellulaires clés. Une analyse de Kaplan- Meier a montré que la délétion de E2F2 est un facteur de bon pronostic de survie sans progression. Afin de mieux cerner l’implication des gènes ciblés par la micro-délétion en 1p36.12, une étude fonctionnelle in vitro et in vivo de la perte de fonction de E2F2 a été réalisée, et étendue à celle de ID3 dont le gène est le voisin direct de E2F2. Nos observations indiquent qu’in vivo, la perte d’E2F2 favorise la croissance tumorale et bloque le développement de métastases. Dans le cadre d’une collaboration avec l’équipe de biochimiste du Pr Céline TARNUS (U.H.A.), une étude pilote a été réalisée pour prouver l’efficacité anti-tumorale de nouveaux inhibiteurs hautement sélectifs pour l’aminopeptidase N. / A genomic analysis (Comparative Genomic Hybridization) evidenced, among other chromosomic alterations, a microdeletion at 1p36.12 locus in 23% and 47% of colon adenomas and carcinomas, respectively. Among the 15 genes located in the deleted region, we focused on E2F2 gene involvedin various cellular processes. The Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed that E2F2 deletion is associated with a better progression-free survival. To better understand the involvement of genes targeted by the microdeletion in colon tumors, we assessed the functional impact of the underexpression of E2F2 and of its direct neighbor gene ID3, coding for a dominant-negative repressor involved in cell differentiation. Our results indicated that E2F2 loss favors tumor growth and prevent metastatic spread. In collaboration with the biochemical team directed by the Pr Céline TARNUS, we started a pilotstudy to prove the anti-tumor potential of new chemical inhibitors highly selective of the aminopeptidase N.

L’interaction avec les cellules hôtes est une étape primordiale du cycle infectieux des Salmonella. Elle implique entre autres des fimbriae permettant l’attachement des Salmonella aux cellules et des invasines permettant leur internalisation. Généralement, l’expression de ces facteurs est réprimée et ils ne sont exprimés qu’in vivo en des sites bien spécifiques. Notre objectif a été d’étudier les mécanismes de répression de l’expression des fimbriae Pef et de l’invasine Rck. Nos résultats montrent que les nucléoprotéines H-NS, Hha et YdgT régulent négativement l’expression de ces deux facteurs de virulence. Le mécanisme de répression de la transcription de l’opéron pef a été caractérisé et montre un rôle prépondérant d’H-NS. De plus, la régulation de cet opéron par Hha et YdgT semble être dépendante ou indépendante de H-NS en fonction des conditions de culture de la bactérie. La répression de l’opéron pefI-srgC, portant l’ORF rck, semble, quant à elle, plus complexe. A l’heure actuelle, seule la région cible de la répression par Hha et YdgT a pu être identifiée. Ces résultats renforcent l’hypothèse de l’existence de régulations par Hha-YdgT indépendantes de H-NS. / The interaction with host cells is an essential step of Salmonella infection cycle. Among other virulence factors, fimbriae allow attachment of Salmonella to eukaryotic cells and invasins enable cell internalisation. Generally, the expression of these factors is suppressed and they are only expressed in vivo at very specific locations. Our objective was to study the mechanisms of Pef fimbriae and Rck invasin repression. Our results show that the nucleoproteins H-NS, Hha and YdgT negatively regulate the expression of these two virulence factors. The mechanism of pef operon transcription repression was characterized and shows a predominant role of H-NS. Moreover, the regulation of this operon by Hha and YdgT appears to bedependent or independent of H-NS depending on bacterial culture conditions. Repression of the pefI-srgC operon, carrying rck ORF, shows a higher degree of complexity. Currently, only the Hha and YdgT targeted region for the repression has been identified. These results reinforce the hypothesis that Hha-YdgT can act independently of H-NS.

Introdução e Objetivo: A invasão de nervos pelo carcinoma da próstata, em biópsias por agulha, pode ser um preditor independente de extensão extra-prostática e pode influenciar no manejo cirúrgico. Nervos são, algumas vezes, difíceis de serem visualizados em biópsias por agulha da próstata coradas pela técnica da hematoxilina e eosina. É possível que, utilizando-se a técnica da imuno-histoquímica com o anticorpo para a proteína S-100, os nervos e a invasão de nervos sejam mais facilmente detectados, reduzindo-se a quantidade de falso-negativos. Material e Método: Foram examinados 101 exames de biópsias por agulha, correspondendo a setenta pacientes, com carcinoma da próstata, através de lâminas coradas pela técnica da hematoxilina e eosina, selecionados a partir de 500 exames consecutivos. Obtiveram-se novos cortes dos mesmos blocos de parafina que foram corados pela técnica imuno-histoquímica, utilizando o anticorpo policlonal para a proteína S-100. O número total de nervos, o número de nervos invadidos pelo carcinoma da próstata, o número de nervos por área de tecido, o número de nervos invadidos por área de carcinoma e o diâmetro dos nervos invadidos pelo carcinoma foram determinados por dois investigadores, nas duas técnicas de coloração. Resultados: Dos 70 pacientes avaliados 31 (44,3%) apresentaram invasão de nervo pelo carcinoma no HE e 43 (61,4%) apresentaram invasão de nervo com a técnica imunohistoquímica da proteína S-100 (p<0,001). Na área de carcinoma foram detectados mais nervos invadidos no S-100 do que no HE (p<0,001). O diâmetro do menor nervo invadido pelo carcinoma foi menor no S-100 do que no HE (p=0,007). Conclusão: A coloração com a técnica imuno-histoquímica com o anticorpo para a proteína S-100 aumenta a sensibilidade para reconhecer nervos em material de punção-biópsia da próstata por agulha. Também, com o S-100 se reconhecem mais invasões de nervos pelo carcinoma da próstata, as quais não eram visualizadas quando coradas com o HE. Desta forma reduziu-se a quantidade de casos falso-negativos e demonstrou-se que o exame criterioso de espécimes corados com o HE não é suficiente para detectar todas as invasões de nervos pelo carcinoma da próstata. / Background: The identification of perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsies may be an independent predictor of extraprostatic extension of prostatic carcinoma and may also affect surgical management. Nerves are often difficult to recognize on hematoxylin and eosin stained prostate needle biopsies. Perhaps using an immunohistochemical stain for S-100 protein, nerves and the presence of perineural invasion, may be more easily detected. Methods: We examined 101 (70 patients) cases of prostatic carcinoma by routine HE stain to determine perineural invasion and nerves. Step sections were immunostained for S- 100 protein (polyclonal antibody). The total nunmber of nerves, the number of nerves showing perineural invasion, the number of nerves per square millimeter of tissue, the number of nerves showing perineural invasion per square millimeter of prostatic carcinoma and the diameter of perineural invasion were determined by two investigators on the HE and S-100 stained prostate needle biopsies. Results: Among the 70 patients, perineural invasion was detected in 31 (44,3%) patients on HE stained sections and in 43 (61,4%) on S-100 stained sections (p<0,001). The prostate needle biopsies on median showed more perineural invasion on S-100 stained than on HE (P<0,001). The minimum diameter of perineural invasion was smaller on S-100 stained than on HE (p=0,007). Conclusions: S-100 staining increases the sensivity with which nerves are recognized in prostate needle biopsies. More significantly, S-100 staining reveals perineural invasion by prostatic carcinoma that is often unrecognized in HE stained sections. These results support that careful examination of routine HE-stained specimens is not sufficient to detect all important nerve invasion.

No description available.

As invasões biológicas são consideradas a segunda maior causa de perda de biodiversidade, pois podem causar diversos impactos ecológicos. Recentemente foi chamado à atenção um novo mecanismo pelo qual espécies invasoras podem afetar as nativas: através da interferência no nicho acústico. O mascaramento dos sinais a partir de fontes de ruídos pode afetar diretamente a fisiologia reprodutiva ou o consumo de energia. A vocalização está diretamente ligada com a seleção sexual em anfíbios, aves, insetos e muitos mamíferos, de maneira que a presença de novas fontes sonoras no ambiente pode afetar a aptidão das espécies. Uma das piores invasoras do mundo, a rã-touro Lithobates catesbeianus, nativa dos EUA, Canadá e México, está distribuída em mais de 40 países, e em pelo menos 130 municípios brasileiros. A rã-touro possui uma vocalização de amplo espectro de frequências, diferente do que é encontrado nas espécies nativas brasileiras. Seus cantos têm frequência dominante baixa, grande propagação e pouca degradação e atenuação no ambiente. A presença do canto da espécie pode causar alteração nos parâmetros dos cantos de uma espécie nativa da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Entretanto, não é sabido se outras espécies também podem ser afetadas e se a introdução da rã-touro é capaz de afetar o comportamento acústico das comunidades nativas. Neste estudo, nós avaliamos os efeitos da invasão de L. catesbeianus sobre o nicho acústico das espécies nativas, usando duas perspectivas, no nível de indivíduos e de comunidades. No Capítulo I nós avaliamos se o estímulo acústico da rã-touro pode alterar parâmetros temporais e espectrais dos cantos de espécies nativas com e sem sobreposição espectral com a espécie invasora. Nós testamos a hipótese de que espécies com sobreposição de frequências com a invasora apresentam mudanças maiores nos parâmetros de vocalização do que espécies que estejam fora desse espectro. Para isso realizamos um experimento em campo, introduzindo a vocalização da espécie em área onde não existe registro da sua ocorrência. Nós utilizamos mais dois estímulos, um ruído branco e uma vocalização de uma espécie nativa, Rhinella icterica. Todas as espécies testadas foram expostas aos três estímulos, onde comparamos com a sua atividade de vocalização espontânea. Nossos resultados mostram efeito de todos os tipos de ruídos nos cantos, mas todas as espécies responderam com mudanças maiores nos parâmetros para os dois anuros do que para o ruído. É provável que esse resultado esteja relacionado ao fato de que ambas as espécies de anuros utilizados nos experimentos tenham a frequência dominante baixa. Entretanto, os resultados reforçam que a introdução de novos sons no ambiente tem potencial de modificar os cantos. No Capítulo II, nós testamos se existe diferença na diversidade funcional acústica em ambientes com e sem a presença de L. catesbeianus em áreas invadidas da Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil. Nós testamos a hipótese de que poças com a presença dos machos de rã-touro em atividade de vocalização e poças sem a presença dos mesmos apresentam distintos padrões de diversidade funcional acústica e composição funcional acústica mais homogênea. Para isso, nós utilizamos dados coletados em 15 pares de poças invadidas e não invadidas na Mata Atlântica no sul do Brasil e realizamos análises de diversidade e composição funcional utilizando atributos acústicos. Nossos resultados mostram que a composição funcional foi mais homogênea nas poças invadidas do que nas poças não invadidas. Nessas poças, há uma seleção de frequências, onde predominantemente as espécies com frequências dominantes mais altas vocalizam. Ou seja, as espécies que não possuem sobreposição de frequência dominante com a rã-touro. Este estudo é um dos primeiros a testar efeitos da invasão do nicho acústico sobre as comunidades nativas. Ambientes nativos podem ser vulneráveis à introdução de espécies generalistas que produzem sinais de baixa frequência e grande amplitude. Assim, a eficiência de propagação dos sinais confere à rã-touro vantagem adaptativa na comunicação e reprodução, favorecendo o processo de estabelecimento e dispersão em detrimento das espécies nativas. / Biological Invasions are considered the second leading cause of biodiversity loss, because they may cause many ecological impacts. Recently, was called attention to a new mechanism by which invasive species can affect native species: through interference in the acoustic niche. The masking of signals from noise sources can directly affect reproductive physiology or energy consumption. Vocalization is directly connected with the sexual selection in amphibians, birds, insects, and many mammals, so that the presence of new sound sources in the environment can affect the fitness of the species. One of the worst invasive species of the world, the bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus, native from USA, Canada and Mexico, is distributed in over 40 countries around the world and, at least, 130 Brazilian municipalities. The bullfrog has a wide spectrum of frequencies vocalization, different from what is founded in Brazilian native species. Their calls have low dominant frequency, large propagation and little degradation and attenuation in the environment. The presence of the species’ call can cause changes in the parameters of the native species’ calls from Brazilian Atlantic Forest. However, it is not known if other species may also be affected and the introduction of bullfrogs can affect the acoustic behavior of the native communities. In this study, we evaluated the effects of L. catesbeianus invasion on the acoustic niche of native species, using two perspectives at the level of individuals and communities. In Chapter I we evaluate how the acoustic stimulus of bullfrogs can change temporal and spectral parameters of the native species’ calls with and without spectral overlap with invasive species. We tested the hypothesis that species with overlapping frequencies with the invading show greater change in vocalization parameters than species outside this spectrum. To make this we conducted a field experiment, introducing the vocalization of the invasion species in an area where there is no record of their occurrence. We used two stimuli, a white noise and calling of a native species, Rhinella icterica. All species tested were exposed to the three stimuli, which compared with its spontaneous vocalization activity. Our results show the effect of all kinds of noise at the calls, but all the species responded with large changes in the parameters for the two frogs than for noise. It is probable that this result is related to the fact that both species of frogs used in the experiments have low dominant frequency. However, the results reinforce the introduction of new sounds in the environment has the potential to modify the native calls. In Chapter II, we tested if exist differences in the acoustic functional diversity in environment with and without the presence of L. catesbeianus in invaded areas of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil. We tested the hypothesis that the ponds with presence of bullfrog males in vocalization activity and ponds without their presence have distinct patterns of acoustic functional diversity and acoustic functional composition more homogeneous. For this, we used data collected from 15 pairs of ponds invaded and not invaded by bullfrog in the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil and realized analysis of diversity and functional composition using acoustic traits. Our results show that the functional composition was more homogeneous in ponds invaded than in ponds not invaded. In these ponds, there is a selection of frequencies, where predominantly the species that vocalize at highest frequencies are calling, that don´t have dominant frequency overlap with the bullfrog. This study is one of the first to test effects of acoustic niche invasion on native communities. Native environments may be vulnerable to the introduction of generalist species that produces low frequency and large amplitude signals. Therefore, signal propagation efficiency gives the bullfrog adaptive advantage in communication and reproduction, favoring the process of establishment and dispersion at the expense of native species.

xiv, 158 p. / Print copies of this title are available through the UO Libraries under the call number: SCIENCE QL444.M34 D38 2006; OIMB QL444.M34 D38 2006 / The Australasian burrowing isopod (Sphaeroma quoianum) was discovered in Coos Bay, Oregon in 1995. After approximately ten years, S. quoianum has become a common member of the intertidal community and appears to be accelerating shoreline erosion. Surveys, density measurements, and a field experiment were conducted to determine the intertidal distribution, density, and substratum preference of this bioeroder within Coos Bay. Results were compared to two Australian embayments (Port Phillip Bay and the Tamar Estuary) to examine how the ecology of S. quoianum differs. In all bays examined, isopod presence was dependent upon salinity and densities varied between substrata (marsh bank, wood, and friable rock). Densities in marsh banks and friable rock were significantly higher within Coos Bay than the Australian embayments surveyed. In experimental trials, S. quoianum greatly preferred wood to other substrata. The wide distribution and high densities S. quoianum attains have clear environmental and economic implications.

Le capricorne asiatique Anoplophora glabripennis est un exemple d’insecte ayant bénéficié du commerce international depuis l’Asie pour envahir une partie de l’Amérique du Nord où il est présent depuis les années 1990, et de l’Europe où sa présence a été détectée au début des années 2000. Cette espèce hautement polyphage se développe dans les arbres urbains et peut causer leur mort, soulignant l’importance du contrôle de sa population. En utilisant une approche pluridisciplinaire sur la base du modèle A. glabripennis, cette thèse vise à apporter de nouveaux éléments pour la compréhension globale des invasions biologiques. Dans un premier temps, j’ai cherché à retracer son cheminement dans le monde. Dans un second temps, j’ai cherché à savoir si certaines de ses caractéristiques biologiques avaient contribué au succès de son invasion. Enfin, j’ai abordé la question de l’impact écologique d’A.glabripennis en me focalisant sur les modifications de la faune de xylophages que sa présence aurait pu entrainer. Les résultats obtenus au cours de cette thèse ont permis de mettre en évidence une invasion complexe incluant plusieurs introductions ainsi qu’un scénario de tête de pont entre l’Amérique du Nord et l’Europe. Il apparait également que certains traits de l’espèce ont contribué à modeler son schéma de distribution. Sa résistance au stress thermique notamment a probablement favorisé son installation sous des climats variés. Par ailleurs, la dispersion naturelle d’A. glabripennis semble très limitée, mais mes résultats indiquent que l’espèce n’est pas restreinte par ses capacités physiologiques pour disperser. Enfin, l’étude préliminaire des faunes envahies ne révèle pas pour le moment d’effet de l’espèce sur les autres Cérambycidés. Au regard des autres cas d’invasion documentés, le cas d’A.glabripennis souligne donc la diversité des caractéristiques des espèces devenant invasives, et confirme la difficulté d’en dresser un portrait type. / The Asian longhorned Beetle Anoplophora glabripennis provides a good example of insects that benefited from international trade from Asia. It partly invaded North America, where it has been present since the 1990s, and Europe where its presence was detected in the early 2000s. This highly polyphagous species develops in urban trees and can cause their death, highlighting the importance of its management. The aim of this thesis was to use a multidisciplinary approach to study the invasion of A. glabripennis in order to bring new elements to the global understanding of biological invasions. I therefore first wanted to retrace its invasion route through the world. Secondly, I sought to know whether some of its biological characteristics had contributed to the success of its invasion. Finally, I addressed the question of the ecological impact of A. glabripennis by focusing on the alterations of the xylophagous fauna that its presence could have caused. The results obtained in this thesis revealed a complex invasion which includes several introductions as well as a bridgehead scenario between North America and Europe. It also appeared that some traits of the species contributed to shaping its distribution pattern. Notably, its resistance to thermal stress probably favored its installation in various climates. Furthermore, the natural dispersion of A. glabripennis seems very limited, but my results indicated that the species is not limited by its physiological capacities to disperse. Finally, the preliminary study of the invaded fauna did not reveal any effects of the species on the other Ceramycidae for the moment. In the light of the other cases of invasion documented, the case of A. glabripennis highlights the diversity of the characteristics of species becoming invasive, and confirms the difficulty of drawing a typical portrait.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:50:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-25. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-11T03:25:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 Publico-115.pdf: 983090 bytes, checksum: 7f674d882f7cc66c5e1e6fe6b081c85c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e Programa Brasil Alemanha / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Escherichia coli Enteropatogênica (EPEC) produz lesão attaching/effacing (A/E) em células eucarióticas mediada pela adesina de membrana externa intimina. EPEC são sub-agrupadas em típica (tEPEC) e atípica (aEPEC). Recentemente demonstramos que a amostra de aEPEC 1551-2 (sorotipo O não-tipável, não-móvel) invade células HeLa por um processo dependente da expressão de intimina do subtipo omicron. Neste estudo, avaliamos se amostras de aEPEC expressando diferentes subtipos de intimina também são invasoras utilizando ensaios quantitativos de proteção com gentamicina. Também avaliamos se aEPECs invadem células intestinais diferenciadas T84 e Caco-2. Cinco das seis amostras testadas invadiram células HeLa e T84 numa faixa de 13.3%-20.9% e 5.8%-17.8%, respectivamente, do total de bactérias associadas às células. As amostras estudadas foram significantemente mais invasoras que a amostra protótipo de tEPEC E2348/69 (1.4% e 0.5% em células HeLa e T84, respectivamente). A amostra 1551-2 foi ainda testada em células Caco-2 diferenciadas, o que resultou num índice de invasão semelhante àqueles obtidos em células T84 (7,5%±1,7) e também significantemente maior que a tEPEC E2348/69 (1,8%±0,6). A invasão de células T84 foi confirmada por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. Mostramos ainda que a invasão de células HeLa por aEPEC 1551-2 depende de filamentos de actina, mas não de microtúbulos. Além disso, a infecção de monocamadas não diferenciadas e o rompimento das tight junctions aumentaram a eficiência da invasão de células T84, sugerindo uma via de invasão preferencial pela superfície não diferenciada. Em resumo, amostras de aEPEC podem invadir cultura de células in vitro com eficiência variável e independentemente de subtipo de intimina. / Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produce attaching/effacing (A/E) lesions on eukaryotic cells mediated by the outer membrane adhesin Intimin. EPEC are subgrouped into typical (tEPEC) and atypical (aEPEC). We have recently demonstrated that aEPEC strain 1551-2 (serotype O non-typable, non-motile) invades HeLa cells by a process dependent on the expression of intimin subtype omicron. In this study, we evaluated whether aEPEC strains expressing other intimin subtypes are also invasive using the quantitative gentamicin protection assay. We also evaluated whether aEPEC invade intestinal differentiated T84 cells. Five of six strains invaded HeLa and T84 cells in a range of 13.3%-20.9% and 5.8%-17.8%, respectively, of the total cellassociated bacteria. The strains studied were significantly more invasive than prototype tEPEC strain E2348/69 (1.4% and 0.5% in HeLa and T84 cells, respectively). aEPEC strain 1551-2 was also tested in differentiated Caco-2 cells, resulting in an invasion index similar to that obtained in T84 cells (7.5%±1.7%). This strain was also significantly more invasive than prototype tEPEC strain E2348/69 (1.8%±0.6%). Invasiveness of T84 cells was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. We also showed that invasion of HeLa cells by aEPEC 1551-2 depended on actin filaments, but not on microtubules. In addition, infection of non-differentiated monolayers and disruption of tight junctions enhanced its invasion efficiency in T84 cells, suggesting preferential invasion via a non-differentiated surface. In summary, aEPEC strains may invade intestinal cells in vitro with varying efficiencies and independently of the intimin subtype. / CAPES - Probral: 281/07 / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações