In this diploma thesis current state of vegetation cover was analyzed after spring flood in 2006 on the lower section of the Sázava river. Immediately after the flood there were 38 sites with alluvial deposits identified in the floodplain. The differences in species composition and species diversity between sites with alluvial deposits and sites without deposits were analyzed. The data were collected by using phytosociological relevés in pairs i.e. - plot with an alluvial deposit and plot without. There were 86 vascular plant species recorded out of which 10 species were non-native but not invasive species and 7 species were non-native invasive species. Results of this thesis revealed that species composition and diversity of invasive species differ between plots with alluvial deposits and plots without alluvial deposits. Moreover, plots without alluvial deposits host more invasive species. Keywords: vegetation succession, river floodplain, extreme floods, species diversity, plant invasion

The behavior of cancer cells is strongly influenced by the properties of extracellular microenvironments, including topology, mechanics and composition. As topological and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix are hard to access and control for in-depth studies of underlying mechanisms in vivo, defined biomimetic in vitro models are needed. Herein we show, how pore size and fibril diameter of collagen I networks distinctively regulate cancer cell morphology and invasion. Three-dimensional collagen I matrices with a tight control of pore size, fibril diameter and stiffness were reconstituted by adjustment of concentration and pH value during matrix reconstitution. At first, a detailed analysis of topology and mechanics of matrices using confocal laser scanning microscopy, image analysis tools and force spectroscopy indicate pore size and not fibril diameter as the major determinant of matrix elasticity. Secondly, by using two different breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7), we demonstrate collagen fibril diameter - and not pore size - to primarily regulate cell morphology, cluster formation and invasion. Invasiveness increased and clustering decreased with increasing fibril diameter for both, the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells with mesenchymal migratory phenotype and the MCF-7 cells with amoeboid migratory phenotype. As this behavior was independent of overall pore size, matrix elasticity is shown to be not the major determinant of the cell characteristics. Our work emphasizes the complex relationship between structural-mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix and invasive behavior of cancer cells. It suggests a correlation of migratory and invasive phenotype of cancer cells in dependence on topological and mechanical features of the length scale of single fibrils and not on coarse-grained network properties.

The subject of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan is widely known and has the public attention. Still it is not processed enough by the historians. The end of the 1980's, as a period of withrdraw of the Soviet soldiers, draws more attention. Even the person of Jimmy Carter does not draw that much attention as the personality of his successor Ronald Reagan. The author will concentrate on the steps that were taken consequently after the Soviet incursion by the leading policy makers of the USA headed by president Carter. The author will analyse the indirect American involvement in the conflict and its influence on the relations of the superpowers and the condiotions in the administrative of the president of the USA. The author will also make an effort to show the continuity with the previous foreign policy of USA, Afghanistan and Soviet Union.

The present study deals with ecological impact of giant hogweed (Heracleum mantegazzianum) invasion in Slavkovský les area. Being one of the prominent invasive species with significant impact on human health it has been subjected to a wide research. In spite of that little is known about its impact on the invaded ecosystem. My research was therefore focused on analysis of the ecosystem impact, particulary 1) microclimatic measurements of temperature and soil moisture and their comparisons between invaded and noninvaded vegetation, 2) comparison of germination and survival of model plant species sowed into invaded and noninvaded plots and 3) study of the effect of H. mantegazzianum presence on model species seed production. Results have shown significant alteration of microclimate due to H. mantegazzianum invasion. Further research is needed to resolve what impact it may pose to species in invaded communities. The effect of Heracleum mantegazzianum presence on germination and survival of model species was not significant. Similarly, seed production of model plants was not significantly affected.

Extracellular matrix stiffening of breast tissues has been clinically correlated with malignant transformation and poor prognosis. An increase of collagen fibril diameter and lysyl-oxidase mediated crosslinking has been observed in advanced tumor stages. Many current reports suggest that the local mechanical properties of single fibrillar components dominantly regulate cancer cell behavior. Here, we demonstrate by an independent control of fibril diameter and intrafibrillar crosslinking of threedimensional (3D) collagen matrices that fibril bending stiffness instructs cell behavior of invasive and non-invasive breast cancer cells. Two types of collagen matrices with fibril diameter of either 650 nm or 800 nm at a similar pore size of 10 µm were reconstituted and further modified with the zero-length crosslinker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide at concentrations of 0, 20, 100 and 500 mM. This approach yields a set of collagen matrices with overlapping variation of matrix elasticity. Within this set of matrices we could prove the common assumption that matrix elasticity of collagen networks is bending dominated with a linear dependence on fibril bending stiffness. We derive that the measured variation of matrix elasticity is directly correlated to the variation of fibril bending stiffness, being independently controlled either by fibril diameter or by intrafibrillar crosslinking. We use these defined matrices to demonstrate that the adjustment of fibril bending stiffness allows to instruct the behavior of two different breast cancer cell lines, invasive MDA-MB-231 (human breast carcinoma) and non-invasive MCF-7 cells (human breast adenocarcinoma). Invasiveness and spreading of invasive MDA-MB-231 cells as well as clustering of non-invasive MCF-7 cells is thereby investigated over a broad parameter range. Our results demonstrate and quantify the direct dependence of cancer cell phenotypes on the matrix mechanical properties on the scale of single fibrils.

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Det faktum att grafiska formgivare behöver använda sig av medieteknik i arbetet varje dag indikerar att technostress kan påverka deras yrkesutövning. Den här uppsatsen handlar därför om i vilken grad technostress upplevs hos grafiska formgivare i mediebranschen. Uppsatsens syfte är att öka helhetsförståelsen om hur technostressen kan yttra sig i förhållande till denna yrkesgrupps kommunikation samt produktion genom användande av medieteknik. För att klargöra vad det är som stressar grafiska formgivare kommer studien att diskutera vilka olika stressfaktorer som kan upplevas vid användning av deras medieteknik. De olika stressfaktorer som kan uppstå genom användning vid medieteknik kallas för techno creators. Studien avser därför att synliggöra vilka techno creators som kan förekomma/upplevas mest i deras produktionsprocess. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer tillsammans med fem grafiska formgivare i Malmö har studien genomförts med en induktiv ansats. Empirin samt teorin har analyserats med varandra varpå frågeställningarna besvaras i slutsatsen. Studien tyder på att två av fem techno creators upplevs hos fem formgivare i Malmö. / The fact that graphic designers need to use mediatechnology in their everyday work indicates that technostress can affect their professional practice. This study therefore aims how much technostress is experienced by graphic designers in the mediaindustry. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the overall understanding of how the technostress expresses itself through their communication and producing when they use their mediatechnology.To clarify what stresses graphic designers, the study will discuss which different stressfactor that can occur when they use their mediatechnology. The various stressors that can arise through mediatechnology is called techno creators. The study therefore intends to aim which techno creator that can occur or are the most experienced in their workprocess.Through qualitative interviews with five graphic designers in Malmö, the study has been conducted with an inductive approach. The empire and the theory have been analyzed with each other, and the research question has been answered in the result. The study points out that two out of five techno creators are experienced by five designers in Malmö.

This study seeks to analyze and understand the Russian propaganda before and after the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. 15th of October 2021 to the 28th of February 2022 is the chosen research period, mainly because of the importance to get an understanding of how Kremlin used its propaganda machine to first justify the invasion and then legitimizing it after 24th of February. The study aims to shed light on how the propaganda can be understood from the perspective of the theories classical realism and authoritarian propaganda. Also, from a more general perspective to recognize what truly pervades the Russian propaganda during the period. The result reveals that the propaganda is strongly shaped by realistic beliefs regarding Russia’s national security in relation to the supposed threat coming from Kyiv and the West. It also shows that the propaganda is heavily restricted to the Russian authorities, seeing that it aims to create a reality where the western hegemony is in the wrong, while the Russian society is an idealistic alternative. Therefor the propaganda creates an image that Russia did not have any other choice than to invade Ukraine, to save it from Nazism and the presumed disastrous western civilization.

Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are an invasive species in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV). They cause millions in damage annually to agriculture, and likely negatively affect native wildlife species. Using camera traps, I monitored 36 forest patches within the MAV to assess the effects of swine invasions on native wildlife species richness. I also modified the double-observer point count technique into a new method for estimating swine abundance with camera traps. Feral swine suppressed native vertebrate richness by 26% when compared to uninvaded patches. I validated the new double-observer technique by determining if it could detect an abundance-area relationship in wildlife populations and estimate a known decrease in abundance following swine removal. This technique was sensitive enough to detect the increase and decrease in abundance and estimated the number of individuals removed from the population relatively accurately. This technique may be useful in the future to manage feral swine populations.

Cervical carcinoma is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Histological subtype, lymphovascular space invasion and tumor grade could have a prognostic and predictive value for patients’ outcome and the knowledge of these histologic characteristics may influence clinical decision making. However, studies evaluating the diagnostic value of various biopsy techniques regarding these parameters of cervical cancer are scarce. We reviewed 318 cases of cervical carcinoma with available pathology reports from preoperative core needle biopsy (CNB) assessment and from final postoperative evaluation of the hysterectomy specimen. Setting the postoperative comprehensive pathological evaluation as reference, we analysed CNB assessment of histological tumor characteristics. In addition, we performed multivariable logistic regression to identify factors influencing the accuracy in identifying LVSI and tumor grade. CNB was highly accurate in discriminating histological subtype. Sensitivity and specificity were 98.8% and 89% for squamous cell carcinoma, 92.9% and 96.6% for adenocarcinoma, 33.3% and 100% in adenosquamous carcinoma respectively. Neuroendocrine carcinoma was always recognized correctly. The accuracy of the prediction of LVSI was 61.9% and was positively influenced by tumor size in preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and negatively influenced by strong peritumoral inflammation. High tumor grade (G3) was diagnosed accurately in 73.9% of cases and was influenced by histological tumor type. In conclusion, CNB is an accurate sampling technique for histological classification of cervical cancer and represents a reasonable alternative to other biopsy techniques.