This article focuses on the results of a research about teaching General Physics concepts to college students, and stresses the relevance of evaluating this kind of knowledge. Between 2009 and 2011, 4,535 students from the Pontifical Catholic University of Perú went through an evaluation process using the Force Concept Inventory test. The data results showed no significant improvement in the students’ learning process after having learned the concepts of force and motion, matters included in Physics 1 and Physics 2. The hardest concept to learn was Newton’s second law. Furthermore, a relevant amount of the students evaluated found no relation between learning these concepts and passing the courses. / Este artículo sintetiza el análisis de los resultados de un estudio acerca de la enseñanza de conceptos de Física en alumnos universitarios y la utilidad de evaluar este tipo de conocimientos. Entre los años 2009 y 2011, 4535 alumnos de la Universidad Católica han sido evaluados con la prueba Force Concept Inventory (FCI) a. Los resultados indican que los conocimientos de fuerza y movimiento se implantan entre los cursos de Física 1 y Física 2, y no se encuentra una mejora significativa después. El concepto con mayor dificultad de aprendizaje es la segunda ley de Newton. Además, existe un importante número de alumnos para los cuales no hay relación entre la ganancia de conceptos y la aprobación del curso.

O foco dessa dissertação está na gestão de estoques em sistemas multicamadas. O modelo de simulação construído considera o desempenho histórico de uma cadeia de distribuição de medicamentos versus a política de gestão proposta. Os objetivos principais do trabalho são: a avaliação quantitativa da política de cálculo de necessidades aplicada na gestão de sistemas multicamadas, a verificação da importância da cooperação entre os elos da cadeia de distribuição para gestão do fluxo de materiais e o estudo das curvas que representam o dilema ‘nível de serviço’ versus ‘custo total da cadeia’. O modelo considera o fluxo de materiais a partir do estoque em processo do laboratório até a venda para as farmácias, que pode ser aproximada pela demanda dos medicamentos visto que os estoques das farmácias são relativamente pequenos e constantes ao longo do tempo. A modelagem de custos leva em conta o custo de estoque do laboratório e dos distribuidores, o custo de pedido dos distribuidores, o custo de transporte, o custo de entrega com atraso do laboratório e o custo de venda perdida dos distribuidores. Especificamente, são considerados cenários com e sem o compartilhamento de informações entre as empresas da cadeia. Consideram-se também cenários com e sem sazonalidade na demanda. Inicialmente, cada cenário simulado é preparado com a definição do ‘período transitório da simulação’, ‘horizonte de simulação’ e ‘número de réplicas’ necessárias. Depois disso, é feito o delineamento de experimentos para identificar quais variáveis de decisão têm efeito significativo sobre o custo total da cadeia. Finalmente, é feita uma busca da parametrização de cada um dos cenários que apresente o melhor custo total da cadeia. Os resultados da simulação mostraram que as práticas atualmente empregadas na gestão dos estoques das empresas podem ter seu desempenho melhorado com a utilização da política simulada na pesquisa. Os cenários nos quais se considerou o compartilhamento de informações tiveram desempenhos semelhantes aos sem esse compartilhamento. Dessa forma, para a política simulada, conclui-se que o valor do compartilhamento de informações foi relativamente pequeno. Nas simulações pode-se verificar a melhoria simultânea do nível de serviço e do nível de estoques da cadeia. Isso mostra que a política simulada mudou o dilema (trade-off) que interliga antagonicamente essas duas características de desempenho do sistema. / This dissertation focuses on the inventory management for multi-echelon systems. The simulation model proposes a new inventory management policy and compares it to the historical performance of a medicine supply chain. The main objectives of this research are: the quantitative analysis of the method used for the calculation of material requirements in multi-echelon systems; the verification of the importance of the cooperation between the components of the supply chain to the material flow management; and the analysis of the curves which represent the trade-off between ‘service level’ and ‘total cost’. The model takes into account the material flow from the laboratory’s ‘work in process’ up to the sales to the drugstores, which can be approximated by the demand of the final consumer, since the inventory kept by drugstores is relatively small and constant in time. The costs are calculated considering: the laboratory’s and distributors’ inventory costs, the cost of orders from the distributors, the transportation cost, the laboratory’s cost of late delivery and the distributors’ cost of lost sales. Scenarios with and without the sharing of information between the components of the supply chain were both considered. The same is true for scenarios with and without seasonality in the demand. Initially, each scenario was prepared with the definition of the ‘warm-up’ period, the simulation horizon and the amount of required replications. Secondly, the design of experiments (DOE) was done in order to determine which decision variables have influence on the supply chain total cost. Finally, each scenario was tested with many different parameters in order to find the lowest cost for the supply chain. The simulation results have showed that the procedures currently applied for the inventory management can have their performance improved by the use of the policy proposed in this research. The results for the scenarios with the sharing of information were similar to the ones for the scenarios without the sharing. For that reason, we can conclude that, for the proposed inventory management policy, the value of the sharing of information through the supply chain was relatively small. In the simulations, both the ‘service level’ and the ‘total cost’ have improved. In this manner, it can be said that the new policy has improved this trade-off.

No presente trabalho é proposto um modelo de simulação de uma cadeia de suprimentos integrada com adoção da estratégia de VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) entre uma empresa do setor de minério de ferro e alguns de seus fornecedores estratégicos. O modelo baseia-se em uma estrutura de avaliação de sistemas VMI adaptada de Sarpola et al. (2007) em conjunto com as configurações de cadeias de suprimentos propostas por Holmström et al (2003), o que permite medir o desempenho da cadeia de suprimentos segundo 3 níveis de integração. É feita uma revisão bibliográfica dos conceitos da estratégia de VMI, políticas de estoque em sistemas integrados, compartilhamento e grau de visibilidade de informações ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos. Os resultados obtidos possibilitam realizar uma análise quantitativa dos benefícios do VMI, onde são considerados demanda estocástica, lead time aleatório, produtos com características diferentes, compartilhamento de informações, visibilidade parcial da cadeia de suprimentos, lotes variáveis, cálculo dos estoques de segurança considerando informações dos pedidos, demanda real do cliente e erros de previsão. / In this paper we proposed a simulation model of an integrated supply chain with the adoption of VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) strategy between a company of the iron ore and some of its strategic suppliers. The model is based on a framework for evaluating VMI systems adapted from Sarpola et al. (2007) together with the configurations of supply chains proposed by Holmström et al (2003), which measures the performance of the supply chain using 3 levels of integration. It is a literature review of the concepts of the strategy of VMI, inventory policies in integrated systems, sharing and degree of visibility of information throughout the supply chain. The results allowed to perform a quantitative analysis of the benefits of VMI, which are considered as stochastic demand, random lead time, products with different characteristics, information sharing, partial visibility of the supply chain, lots of variables, calculation of safety stocks based on information from client orders, actual customer demand and forecasting errors.

Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-14T17:14:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Mussa - 21.01.2015.pdf: 3658798 bytes, checksum: 65194c69d5d680746ab6312d44b69b6b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T17:14:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Tese Mussa - 21.01.2015.pdf: 3658798 bytes, checksum: 65194c69d5d680746ab6312d44b69b6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / CNPQ / O fenômeno de burnout atinge trabalhadores de diferentes países do mundo, e tem sido reportado, na atualidade, como um problema internacional das organizações de trabalho, particularmente em instituições escolares. Assim, este trabalho busca estabelecer relações do conceito de burnout, a partir de uma perspectiva ética e êmica, em amostras de professores moçambicanos e brasileiros. A pesquisa, de natureza quantitativa, descritiva e exploratória, envolveu 512 professores do ensino fundamental público, que lecionam do 1º ao 7º ano, sendo 278 da Província moçambicana de Nampula e 234 do Estado de Pernambuco-Brasil (região metropolitana de Recife). Os dados foram coletados por meio do questionário sociodemográfico, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Questionário do Senso de Coerência, Escala de Resiliência para Adultos, Escala Hopkin’s Symptom CheckList e técnica de associação livre. Posteriormente, foram tabulados e analisados, recorrendo-se ao tratamento quantitativo, com o auxílio do software estatístico SPSS (Statiscal Package for Social Science) e SSA (Similarity Structure Analysis). Os resultados da análise multidimensional indicam que a estrutura fatorial da versão em português do MBI, numa projeção SSA, é compatível com a estrutura interna do Maslach Burnout Inventory. As análises estatísticas revelaram que alguns professores moçambicanos e brasileiros apresentam um quadro instalado de estresse e burnout no nível de exaustão emocional; e o senso de coerência, resiliência, ansiedade, depressão e variáveis sociodemograficas (i.e., nacionalidade, estado civil, nível de ensino lecionado, idade, formação e anos de experiência) fazem diferença na ocorrência da síndrome. Os achados sugerem ainda a existência de múltiplos contextos de estresse no trabalho dos professores, que afetam a saúde e o bem-estar dos profissionais e sua organização de trabalho, e que, tornando-se crônicos, podem contribuir para a ocorrência da síndrome de burnout. Além da pesquisa chamar a atenção para a necessidade de uma reestruturação das formas de organização do trabalho dos professores nas escolas com vista a transformação do trabalho perigoso ou nocivo em trabalho saudável e prazeroso, que possibilite o bem-estar físico e psíquico, através da adequação do trabalho às características psicológicas dos professores, ela pode construir também um instrumento didático-pedagógico capaz de ajudar os professores na reflexão sobre o contexto em que decorre a atividade laboral, evitando à exposição de situações de risco e que põem em causa a sua saúde. Portanto, sublinha-se a necessidade de um conhecimento mais aprofundado da realidade relativa ao exercício da atividade docente nas escolas do ensino fundamental moçambicano e brasileiro tendo em vista o desenvolvimento de programas de prevenção da síndrome de burnout e de engajamento no trabalho. / The Burnout phenomenon concerns workers of different countries around the world, and nowadays it has been reported as a problem for all international work organizations, particularly in educational institutions. Therefore this report seeks to stablish the concept of the Burnout from an ethic and emic point of view in patterns shown in Mozambican and Brazilian teachers. The research, of quantitative nature, descriptive and exploratory, involved 512 of primary school teachers who teach students from the 1st to 7th year, 278 from the Mozambican province of Nampula and 234 from the estate of (Metropolitan region of Recife). The data were collected through social-demographic questionaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Sense of Coherence questionaire, the Resilence Scale for adults, Hopkin’s Symptom CheckList and the Free Association Method. Subsequently that data were tabulated and analysed, using quantitative treatment with help of statistical software SPSS (Statiscal Package for Social Science) and SSA (Similarity Structure Analysis). The results of multidimensional analysis show that the factorial structure of the portuguese version of MBI in a projection SSA, is compatible with the internal structure of Maslach Burnout Inventory. The statistical analysis show that some Mozambican and Brazilian teachers presented stress and burnout to a level of emotional exhaustion; and the consistency, resiliency, anxiety, depression and social-demographic variables (i.e., nacionality, social status, teaching level, age, studies and years of experience), make a difference in the occurrence of the syndrome. The results also show the existence of multiple contexts of stress in the teachers work that affects the health and well-being of the professionals and their organizational workforce turning themselves chronic, and may contribute to the burnout syndrome, as well as the research, it is paramount to highlight the need of remodeling the different ways of organizing the teachers´ workload at schools with a view to transforming dangerous or damaging labour into a healthy and pleasurable one, making posible the physical and psychological wellbeing through the work needs to the psychological characteristics of the teachers, it could also build didactic-pedagogical instruments able to assist teachers reflect about the context that derives from the labour activity, avoiding the exposure of risky situations which compromises their health. Therefore it is highlighted here, the need of a deeper acknowledgement of the reality related to the docent´s activities around Mozambican and Brazilian primary schools, bearing in mind the developement of programs of prevention of burnout syndrome, and engagement in the workplace.

nÃo hà / A Lubnor à uma refinaria de pequeno porte da Petrobras instalada dentro da cidade de Fortaleza-CE, que processa petrÃleos do tipo naftÃnico, pouco disponÃveis na natureza. A refinaria dispÃe hoje de trÃs opÃÃes desses Ãleos para processamento e produz basicamente asfaltos e lubrificantes naftÃnicos, sendo a Ãnica produtora nacional destes Ãltimos. O planejamento de processamento de matÃria-prima e produÃÃo dessa unidade industrial à realizado de forma centralizada pela sede da organizaÃÃo, que busca os melhores resultados para o todo, mesmo que isso penalize uma unidade especÃfica. Este trabalho temcomo objetivos planejar as operaÃÃes logÃsticas em uma refinaria de petrÃleo para maximizar seus resultados e mostrar que sincronizando a demanda por produtos acabados e a chegada de matÃria-prima, a refinaria pode aumentar a capacidade de processamento reduzindo os estoques em processo. Para esse fim, foi adotada a estratÃgia de pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e exploratÃria aplicada a um estudo de caso. Os referenciais teÃricos estÃo suportados na previsÃo de demanda, gestÃo de estoques e nos sistemas de apoio à decisÃo. Os resultados apontam que entre seis configuraÃÃes possÃveis de processamento pela refinaria, duas apresentam melhor rentabilidade, duas apresentam um resultado um pouco inferior e as duas outras sÃo inviÃveis. A demonstraÃÃo de que à possÃvel aumentar a produÃÃo com a reduÃÃo dos estoques em processo à realizada atravÃs de uma planilha do Microsoft Excel, que tem como variÃvel a carga da unidade. Aumentando-se a carga em 50% e 100%, os estoques em processo caem a nÃveis inferiores aos existentes hoje na refinaria. Ao final deste trabalho sÃo apontadas recomendaÃÃes para a soluÃÃo de problemas especÃficos que reduzem a rentabilidade da refinaria e o nÃvel de serviÃo desejado / Lubnor is a small tonnage Petrobrasâ refinery located in Fortaleza, CearÃ, Brazil. It refines naphtenic crude oils, which are not easy to find in nature. There are three kinds of Brazilian naphtenics oils currently available to be processed in Lubnor. The refinery produces basically asphalts and naphtenic lubricants, and it is the only Brazilian producer of these kinds of lubricants. The kinds of petroleum to process and the production planning of the refinery are made by the headquarters of the organization, which looks for the best results for the whole Company, although it means losses for one of the refineries. This work has the following objectives: to plan the logistic operations of a petroleum refinery in order to maximize its profits and to show that the refinery can improve its processing capacity reducing its in process inventory by synchronizing or balancing the output of final products and the input of crude oils. To reach these objectives, it was adopted the strategy of a literature research applicable to a case study. The theoretical references concern demand forecasting, inventory management and decision support systems. The results show that among the six possible configurations of oil refining, two are profitable, other two have a little gain and the last two are unfeasible. The demonstration that it is possible to increase the production reducing the in process inventory is made by using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with one variable: the diary flow of crude oil in the distillation unit. Increasing the flow in 50% and 100%, the in process inventory decreases to a lower level when compared with the current inventory at the refinery. At the end of this work, there are recommendations to solve specific problems which are reducing the refinery profitability and the service level

The thesis „The Inventory Management of Trading Company” deals with the issue of material flow and inventory management. In the introductory part of the thesis, the theoretical basis of supply logistics in a logistics chain, the issue of inventory, its storage and in particular its management have been defined. In the second part, inventory management in a logistics center of a company has been analyzed. In the last part, the solutions for improving inventory management of a company, mainly in terms of reduction of the amount, have been proposed.

Objectifs : Mesurer le niveau de handicap perceptif secondaire à une surdité unilatérale par approches psychoacoustique, questionnaires de qualité de vie et IRMf. Ce travail repose sur deux études qui étudient un lien entre : 1) les performances psychoacoustiques et le ressenti de qualité de vie et 2) les performances psychoacoustiques et le niveau de réorganisation centrale. Matériels et méthodes : Pour l'étude 1, 49 sujets adultes présentant une surdité unilatérale (UHL) et 11 contrôles ont été recrutés. Ils ont été évalués en psychoacoustique par le test FrMatrix en champ libre et dans trois conditions et ont répondu aux questionnaires de qualité de vie le Speech, Spatial and Quality of Hearing Scale (SSQ) et le Glasgow Health Status Inventory (GHSI). Pour l'étude 2, 15 sujets UHL et 15 contrôles ont été recrutés. Outre les tests psychoacoustiques de l'étude 1, les sujets ont écouté activement des sons naturels en IRMf. Résultats : L'étude 1 retrouve une corrélation significative (rho = 0.38) entre le score global au SSQ et le test FrMatrix lorsque le signal est envoyé à l'oreille déficiente et le bruit à l'oreille saine (condition dichotique). L'étude 2 démontre une corrélation significative entre le niveau de réorganisation et le FrMatrix (rho = 0.66) en condition dichotique. Conclusion : La surdité unilatérale engendre un niveau de réorganisation corticale qui s'accompagne d'une baisse significative des performances psychoacoustiques et de la qualité de vie. Ce travail souligne donc la nécessité d'une prise en charge thérapeutique des sujets présentant une surdité unilatérale. / Objectives: We evaluated the consequences of unilateral hearing loss (UHL) for speech recognition in spatially separated competing noise, quality of life and brain activity via fMRI. In the first study we investigated the relationship between speech recognition and quality of life (Study 1), and in the second between speech recognition and the reorganization of brain activity. Materials and methods: In the first study 49 UHL subjects and 11 controls were recruited. Speech recognition in three speech and noise configurations was assessed with the FrMatrix test and quality of life with the Speech Spatial and Quality of Hearing Scale (SSQ) and the Glasgow Health Status Inventory. In the second study, 14 UHL and 14 matched controls were recruited. They underwent the same speech recognition testing as in the first study and also participated in a fMRI experiment that involved actively listening to naturals sounds. Results: The first study showed a significant correlation (r = 0.38) between SSQ scores and speech recognition where the competing noise was send to the better ear and the noise contralaterally (dichotic). The second study showed a significant correlation (r = 0.66) between speech recognition scores (dichotic listening situation)and brain reorganization. Conclusion: Unilateral hearing loss induces brain reorganization that significantly correlates with deficits in speech recognition in noise and overall quality of life. This work highlights the need for greater attention to improve the understanding and rehabilitation of unilateral hearing loss.

This thesis deals with optimization of inventory of spare parts and maintenance materials in NET4GAS, s.r.o. The aim of the thesis is to sort the items stored in the company and to propose specific supply methodology for the year 2013. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first, theoretical part includes theoretical knowledge of inventory management together with the methods used in the managing process, it also introduces specific inventory management of spare parts and maintenance materials. The second, practical part describes NET4GAS, s.r.o., its current system of inventory management of spare parts and maintenance materials, it identifies the local current problems in inventory management, it proposes selection of appropriate methods of inventory optimization and it demonstrates their application to real data. For the classification of stored items is selected ABC method. To draw up the supply plan is primarily used bootstrap method (also called bootstrapping), which makes estimates of future consumption of spare parts and maintenance materials. The final section summarizes all the recommendations for improving the current inventory management.

Denna studie har för avsikt att förklara sambandet hos individer mellan The Big Five’s personlighetsteori, motivation, prestation och välmåendet med Maslach Burnout Inventory’s teori. Studiens teoretiska del utgår från The Big Five’s personlighetsdimensioner och hur dessa är sammankopplade till prestation och utmattning. Det ligger även fokus på Maslach Burnout Inventory och utmattningens olika delar. Den sista delen av teorin går djupare på motivation och prestation. Studien har en utgångspunkt i ett deduktivt förhållningssättutgår och utgår från en kvantitativ metod. Via en enkätundersökning som skickades till 172 träningsinstruktörer kunde datan inhämtas. Vidare processades datan i statistik- och analysprogrammet Jamovi där det gjordes en deskriptiv analys, korrelationsanalys och en faktoranalys. Resultatet visar att det finns en viss typ av personlighet som väljer att arbeta som träningsintruktör vilken är samvetsgrann, öppen, vänlig med en låg poäng på neurotism vilket indikerar på stabilitet och trygghet. I resultatet kan det även utläsas att träningsintrukörer drivs av inre motivationsfaktorer i större grad jämfört med de yttre. Sist visar resultatet på att träningsinstrukörer inte är utmattade i någon större omfattning. Uppsatsen ska ge en djupare förståelse av träningsinstruktörers specifika personlighet och om det finns tydliga motivationsfaktorer som gör att individerna presterar bättre. I och med individens personlighet undersöks om utmattning existerar. Studien ska öka förståelsen för hur en viss yrkesgrupp av presterar och hittar drivkrafter utifrån sin unika personlighet. Då studien är fokuserad på personlighet, motivation, prestation och välmåendet bland träningsintruktörer skulle det vara intressant att undersöka andra yrkesgrupper för att se om träningsintruktörer skiljer sig i jämförelse med andra på personlighetsdrag eller motivation. Det skulle även vara intressant att fortsätta denna studie med att se om skillnader finns via en geografisk avgränsning i landet. / This study aims to explain the connection between individuals between The Big Five's personality theory, motivation and health to Maslach Burnout Inventory's theory. The study is based on a deductive approach and is based on a quantitative method. Through a survey that was sent to 172 training instructors, the data was obtained. Furthermore, the data was processed in the statistical and analysis program Jamovi where a descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and factor analysis were made. The result shows that there is a certain type of personality who chooses to work as a training instructor who is conscientious, open, friendly with a low score on neuroticism, which indicates stability and security. In the result, it can also be seen that training instructors are driven by internal motivation factors to a greater extent compared to the external ones. Last, the results show that training instructors are not exhausted to any great extent. The thesis should provide a deeper understanding of the specific personality of exercise instructors and whether there are clear motivational factors that make individuals perform better. The individual's personality is investigated as to whether fatigue exists. The study will increase the understanding of how a certain professional group of performs and finds drivers based on their unique personality. Since the study is focused on personality, motivation, performance and well-being among training instructors, it would be interesting to examine other professional groups to see if training instructors differ in comparison to others, on personality traits or motivation. It would also be interesting to continue this study to see if differences exist via geographical demarcation in the country.

The diploma thesis focuses on problems related to the low turnover of stocks in IMI International, s.r.o. The thesis is divided into three parts – theoretical, analytical and design part. In the first part there is presented a basic theoretical knowledge of logistics for this work. The second part analyses the causes of high stock holdings in relation to low turnover. Based on the analyses there are finally proposed the solutions in order to reduce the value of held stocks by reducing the quantity which then leads to increased turnover.