This dissertation focuses on bridging the pressure and complexity gap between heterogeneous catalysis and surface science by introducing new instrumental tools that can operate under catalytically relevant conditions (i.e. atmospheric pressures and temperatures higher than room temperature). Thus, some of the few detailed examples of the polarization modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) as an in situ vibrational spectroscopic tool for the elevated-pressure investigation of gas/solid interfaces on planar single crystal model catalyst systems were presented in this work. Furthermore, for the first time in the literature, PM-IRAS technique was applied to study complex multi-component model catalyst structures exhibiting three dimensional morphologies such as metal nanoparticles deposited on a metal-oxide thin film. In order to achieve a molecular understanding of the properties of CO+NO catalytic reaction at elevated temperatures and pressures on Pd based catalysts, adsorption trends of each of the reactant molecules were studied separately on Pd (111). The adsorption properties of CO/Pd (111) and NO/Pd (111) systems both under UHV conditions and at elevated pressures were discussed in a comparative manner to highlight the pressure dependent behavioral differences between these two probe molecules by emphasizing the risks of extrapolating UHV trends to elevated pressure regimes. CO+NO reaction mechanism and kinetics was also studied on Pd (111) by in situ PM-IRAS. Factors affecting the conversion and the selectivity of the Pd (111) model catalyst towards CO+NO reaction at elevated pressures were discussed. Formation of isocyanate containing species?? was also observed and the catalytic implications of this observation was elaborated. Finally, design and characterization of a complex model catalyst composed of supported Pd nano-particles was investigated using CO adsorption at elevated pressures. Catalytic activity of the defect sites on the supported Pd nano-particles towards CO dissociation was demonstrated and compared with Pd (111) to elucidate the significance of the surface morphology of the active sites in a catalytic reaction.

<p>Detta examensarbete har utförts på Pan Nordic Logistics (PNL) i Bromma, Stockholm. PNL är ett konceptföretag som erbjuder sina kunder att skicka paket från, till och inom Norden och dessa transporter köper företaget av leverantörer. Ordet koncept- kommer ifrån engelskans concept, alltså begrepp, idé. I PNL:s fall innebär detta att företaget inte har någon egen fysisk distribution utan distributionen sker efter avtal med dess parter. Företaget ser idag ett problem i att det inte har full kontroll på hur leverantörerna sköter sina transportuppdrag gentemot PNL. Problemet är främst att PNL inte har kontroll på när leverantörernas lastbilar avgår och ankommer vid terminalerna i PNL:s standardflöde. Idag ska terminalpersonalen ange om lastbilarna har ankommit och avgått i tid i terminalrapporter, men eftersom personalen inte har full kontroll på alla lastbilar brister säkerheten. </p><p>Uppgiften består i att ta fram ett antal förslag på system för fordonskontroll, beskriva dessa och diskutera systemens för- och nackdelar. För att lättare kunna ta fram lämpliga förslag har en nulägesanalys utförts på hur företaget fungerar och hur dess spårningssystem ser ut idag. En kravspecifikation på systemet har tagits fram. Lösningsförslag har analyserats enligt Gunnar Stefanssons klassifikation (1999) kompletterad med ett antal attribut som jag har tagit fram. </p><p>De system som jag anser vara bäst lämpade att fungera som kontrollsystem i detta syfte är i rangordning följande förslag: </p><p>1. IR-teknik </p><p>2. Läsare på mobiltelefon </p><p>3. Nordic VLSI </p><p>4. Smarta kort </p><p>IR-tekniken fungerar så att en mobiltelefon med IR-port riktas mot en enhet, placerad på en terminal, som via IR genererar ett SMS-meddelande från mobiltelefonen till en server där informationen lagras. Jag anser att IR-tekniken är det bästa förslaget för PNL:s syfte, främst för att tekniken är lättanvänd, säker och förhållandevis billig. Läsare på mobiltelefon innebär att en liten streckkodsläsare kan sättas fast på en mobiltelefon, få ström från denna och då läsa en streckkod som anger vilken transport det rör sig om etc. Streckkodsläsare av denna typ är än så länge bara på prototypstadiet. Nordic VLSI innebär att då en knapptryckning sker får en radiosändare och en radiomottagare kontakt då de är i närheten av varandra. Informationen skickas vidare med en s k microcontroller med särskilda protokoll för ändamålet. Smarta kort består av ett plastkort med en transponder på som bär på ett unikt nummer. Det smarta kortet hålls upp fram framför en läsare och registreras då. Tekniken är säkrare än t ex kortteknik med magnetremsa. För samtliga förslag finns risken att chauffören glömmer att registrera ankomst och avgång. För att vara elt säker på att en registrering sker ska systemet vara automatiskt. Exempel på sådana system är RFID-system. Problemet med automatiska system är dock att de är relativt dyra.</p>

<p>In this study silicon-germanium quantum dots grown on silicon have been investigated. The aim of the work was to find quantum dots suitable for use as a thermistor material. The quantum dots were produced at KTH, Stockholm, using a RPCVD reactor that is designed for industrial production.</p><p>The techniques used to study the quantum dots were: HRSEM, AFM, HRXRD, FTPL, and Raman spectroscopy. Quantum dots have been produced in single and multilayer structures.</p><p>As a result of this work a multilayer structure with 5 layers of quantum dots was produced with a theoretical temperature coefficient of resistance of 4.1 %/K.</p>

<p>This thesis is a part of the SIREOS project at Swedish Defence Research Agency which aims at developing a sensor system consisting of infrared and video sensors and an integrated navigation system. The sensor system is placed in a camera gimbal and will be used on moving platforms, e.g. UAVs, for surveillance and reconnaissance. The gimbal is a device that makes it possible for the sensors to point in a desired direction. </p><p>In this thesis the sensor pointing problem is studied. The problem is analyzed and a system design is proposed. The major blocks in the system design are gimbal trajectory planning and gimbal motion control. In order to develop these blocks, kinematic and dynamic models are derived using techniques from robotics. The trajectory planner is based on the kinematic model and can handle problems with mechanical constraints, kinematic singularity, sensor placement offset and reference signal transformation. </p><p>The gimbal motion controller is tested with two different control strategies, PID and LQ. The challenge is to perform control that responds quickly, but do not excite the damping flexibility too much. The LQ-controller uses a linearization of the dynamic model to fulfil these requirements.</p>

Les progrès réalisés en matière de spectroscopie laser en phase gazeuse permettent maintenant d'aborder l'étude de molécules complexes, flexibles telles que les petites chaînes peptidiques. Ce travail a pour but de caractériser, avec toute la résolution spectrale permise par la phase gazeuse, les propriétés structurelles intrinsèques de systèmes peptidiques à deux et trois résidus, notamment en matière de repliement et de liaison hydrogène. La stratégie expérimentale associe la vaporisation laser à une détente supersonique et repose sur la spectroscopie laser de double résonance IR-UV.<br />La spectroscopie UV permet de détecter les conformères les plus stables formés dans la détente, tandis que la spectroscopie dans le proche IR (vibrations d'élongation NH et CO, et de déformation NH) donne accès à leur réseau de liaisons hydrogène.<br />L'attribution finale des conformères observés est réalisée par comparaison avec les spectres issus des calculs de chimie quantique (théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité) pour des conformations présentant un réseau de liaisons hydrogène compatible avec l'expérience, permettant en retour de valider les calculs réalisés.<br />Cette synergie expérience/théorie nous a ainsi permis de montrer l'existence d'une compétition entre deux grandes familles conformationnelles possédant des signatures spectroscopiques distinctes. La première consiste en une juxtaposition de préférences<br />conformationnelles locales autour de chaque résidu, caractérisées par des liaisons hydrogène reliant des groupements amides CO-NH proches dans la séquence. La deuxième famille est représentée par les structures secondaires, stabilisées par des liaisons hydrogène reliant des groupements amides plus éloignés.<br />En les isolant et les caractérisant pour la première fois en phase gazeuse, nous avons montré que la formation des structures secondaires typiques de la biologie telles que des coudes beta et des hélices 3-10 était bien une propriété intrinsèque de ces molécules.

Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 2009

Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 2008

The present study examines how legitimacy is created in consultants’ translation of the Integrated Reporting (IR) framework in a Swedish context. The aim was to understand which logics from the sociology of worth (SOW) the consultants’ translation of the IR framework will build on in making it a legitimate practice in a Swedish context. The study employed three aspects presented by Patriotta et al. (2011), where actors provide justifications in order to attain legitimacy, to describe the translation process. Boltanski and Thévenot’s SOW was applied to discern what logics that were present and compromised upon in the translation process to make the IR framework a legitimate practice in a Swedish context.  The present study mainly found the logics of fame, industrial and market, but other logics was also found in the process of making a legitimate translation of the IR framework by the consultants. Thus resulting in a broad compromise of logics, generating potentially vague and ambiguous statements of sustainability. If integrated reporting is the future for corporate reporting, then these dominating logics in the translation of the IR framework might set the tone for the sustainability reporting that will be spread by consultants in a Swedish context.

The research presented in this thesis makes use of theoretical/computational techniques to calculate nonlinear spectroscopic signals and molecular volumes. These techniques have become more practical with advances in computational resources and now are an integral part of research in these areas. Preliminary results allude to the power of these techniques when applied to relevant problems and suggest that much progress can be made in understanding the complex nature of nonlinear spectroscopic signals and molecular volume contributions. The nonlinear spectroscopy work involves writing the quantum mechanical response functions in terms of classical time correlation functions which are amenable to calculation using classical molecular dynamics. The response functions reported in this thesis include the fifth order response function, probed in the fifth order Raman experiment, and the third order response function probed in the two dimensional infrared experiment. The molecular volume calculations make use of modern algorithms used in molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the full thermodynamic volumes of molecules.

The leading edge of a turbine vane is subject to some of the highest temperature loading within an engine, and an accurate understanding of leading edge film coolant behavior is essential to efficient engine design. Although there have been many investigations of the adiabatic effectiveness for showerhead film cooling within the leading edge region, there have been no previous studies in which individual rows of the showerhead were tested with the explicit intent of validating superposition models. For the current investigation, a series of adiabatic effectiveness experiments were performed with a five-row showerhead, wherein each row of holes was operated in isolation. This allowed evaluation of superposition on both the suction side of the vane, which was moderately convex, and the pressure side of the vane, which was mildly concave. Superposition was found to accurately predict performance on the suction side of the vane at lower momentum flux ratios, but not for higher momentum flux ratios. On the pressure side of the vane, the superposition predictions were consistently lower than measured values, with significant under-prediction of adiabatic effectiveness occurring at the higher mass flow rates. Possible reasons for the under-prediction of effectiveness by the superposition model are presented. / text