Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-02-11T11:30:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jorgemagestedacruzjunior.pdf: 2261526 bytes, checksum: 2e39ac93f53b7c28ef8a81bcdcd222af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-02-26T11:58:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jorgemagestedacruzjunior.pdf: 2261526 bytes, checksum: 2e39ac93f53b7c28ef8a81bcdcd222af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T11:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jorgemagestedacruzjunior.pdf: 2261526 bytes, checksum: 2e39ac93f53b7c28ef8a81bcdcd222af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever e conceituar a importância dos números áureos. Sua aplicabilidade acompanha o ser humano e frequentemente são vivenciados em situações cotidianas. Durante a elaboração deste estudo procurou-se demonstrar as diferentes aparições do número áureo, nas mais diversas áreas em que vivemos, seja na natureza, nos animais, na arquitetura e até mesmo no corpo humano. A pesquisa foi realizada através de consultas em livros escritos por autores renomados e em artigos publicados em bases de dados confiáveis. Esta pesquisa visa ampliar o conhecimento e apresentar aos alunos uma maneira diferente de ver e entender a matemática e sua aplicabilidade e influência no dia-a-dia. / The present work aims to describe and conceptualize the importance of golden numbers. Its applicability with humans and often are experienced in everyday situations. During the preparation of this study sought to demonstrate the different appearances of the Golden number, in the most diverse areas in which we live, whether in nature, animals and even in the human body. The survey was conducted through consultations in books written by renowned authors and in articles published in reliable databases. This research aims to expand the knowledge and present to students a different way to see and understand the mathematics and its applicability and influence in everyday life.

Nesta dissertação são apresentadas algumas propriedades de números reais. Descrevemos de maneira breve os conjuntos numéricos N, Z, Q e R e apresentamos demonstrações detalhadas da irracionalidade dos números \'pi\' e e. Também, apresentamos um texto sobre o número e, menos técnico e mais intuitivo, na tentativa de auxiliar o professor no preparo de aulas sobre o número e para alunos do Ensino Médio, bem como, alunos de cursos de Licenciatura em Matemática / In this thesis we present some properties of real numbers. We describe briefly the numerical sets N, Z, Q and R, and we present detailed proofs of irrationality of numbers \'pi\' and e. We also present a text about the number e less technical and more intuitive in an attempt to assist the teacher in preparing lessons about number e for High School students as well as for Teaching degree in Mathematics students

Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal o estudo da expansão decimal dos números reais. Primeiramente provamos que todo número real possui ao menos uma expansão decimal. Na sequência, um método para encontrar a expansão decimal de um número entre 0 e 1 é apresentado, bem como um estudo sobre a expansão decimal de números racionais e irracionais. Em seguida, o estudo apresenta métodos que permitem encontrar aproximações racionais de números irracionais, além dos erros cometidos por essas aproximações. Na parte final, por seu turno, o foco do trabalho recai sobre a análise da regularidade (frequência) dos dígitos das expansões decimais. / This work has as main objective the study of the decimal expansion of the real numbers. First we prove that every real number has at least one decimal expansion. Further, a method to find the decimal expansion of real numbers between 0 and 1 is provided as well as a the study of the decimal expansion of rational and irrational numbers. Next, the study presents methods that provide rational approximations to irrational numbers, in addition to the errors committed by these approximations. At the end, by its turn, the focus of the work is put on the analysis of the regularity (frequency) of the digits of the decimal expansion.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-22T14:27:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 augustofredericoburleneto.pdf: 522751 bytes, checksum: be3d949461dead4111d4425b9d3d5753 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-22T14:41:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 augustofredericoburleneto.pdf: 522751 bytes, checksum: be3d949461dead4111d4425b9d3d5753 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-22T14:41:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 augustofredericoburleneto.pdf: 522751 bytes, checksum: be3d949461dead4111d4425b9d3d5753 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T14:41:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 augustofredericoburleneto.pdf: 522751 bytes, checksum: be3d949461dead4111d4425b9d3d5753 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-04 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho de conclusão de curso apresenta uma proposta de aula sobre potência de expoente irracional para alunos da terceira série do Ensino Médio. A definição de tal conteúdo envolve o conceito de limite de sequência, que é um tema não pertencente ao conteúdo programático da imensa maioria das escolas brasileiras. Aqui, a proposta é abordá-lo de uma maneira acessível aos alunos do Ensino Médio. No final deste trabalho são feitas as demonstrações formais que embasam tudo que na aula foi mostrado sem o devido rigor matemático. / This course conclusion work proposes a lesson about the power of irrational exponent for high school students. The definition of such content covers the limit of sequence concept, which does not constitute the curriculum of almost every Brazilian schools. This work aims at approaching the subject in an accessible to high school students. At the end, formal demonstrations are made to theorize the subjects presented in class without the proper mathematical formality.

Magister Public Health - MPH / Irrational use of medicines is a global health problem. The World Health Organization has reported that more than 50% of all medicines are prescribed, dispensed and sold inappropriately, and that more than 50% of patients fail to take their medicines correctly (Holloway, 2006). The rational use of medicines is one of the core components of the National Strategic Plan for the Implementation of a Pharmaceutical Policy in Cameroon (MOH, 2000). In Cameroon, it has been noted that instead of going to the hospital when they fall sick, consumers prefer to self-medicate or visit a street vendor, traditional or faith healer or quack doctor (World Bank, 1995) and that they adjust the quantity of medicines they take based on their ability to pay for them (van der Geest, 1991). Aim and Objectives This study described the factors influencing the use of medicines by consumers in Tiko sub-division at household level, community level, health institutions level, and national level. Study Design This study used a qualitative study design to explore the factors influencing the use of medicines by consumers in Tiko-subdivision, Cameroon. Study Population and Sampling Six focus group discussions with consumers representing the different socio-economic and educational levels of Tiko sub-division were conducted. Two focus groups with members of each of the following organizations - Plantain Traders Association, Township Taxi Drivers Association and Teachers of Tiko High School. Six in-depth interviews with key informants were carried out, three with workers that sell medicines in community pharmacies and three with workers that sell medicines in the informal sector. Data Collection and Analysis Notes and observations were taken during the focus groups and key informant interviews. In addition, the proceedings were audio taped and the recordings were used to expand and clarify the notes. The data obtained was analyzed to identify recurring themes from the various influences of medicine use on consumers. Results Factors that influenced consumers’ use of medicines were categorized into household, community, health institutional and national levels. At the household level key influences were the consumers’ perceived need for medicines, the cost of medicines, the purchasing habits of consumers, the literacy level and consumers’ idea about efficacy and power of medicine, together with polypharmacy and polytherapy. At the community level, the medicine use culture, medicine supply channels and the sources of information of medicines influenced consumers’ use of medicines. At the health institutional level the influences reported were the quality of services, the cost of medicines, availability of medicines and consulting health worker. At the national level factors included, the media, lack of medicines regulation and control and medicines financing mechanisms. Discussion The study found that medicines use in Tiko sub-division was affected by a number of key factors. A number of cross-cutting themes were identified which had a critical impact on the rational use of medicines by this community. These themes were categorized as: sociocultural, economic and regulatory .Amongst the sociocultural factors was the way consumers perceived their need for medicines, their ideas about efficacy and the power of medicine and their perception of medicines as a commodity. Economic factors included user charges for health care - including medicines, and the high cost of medicines, while regulatory factors emanated from the illicit trade in pharmaceuticals, poor regulatory control and the lack of a national drug policy. Recommendations Proposals to improve the rational use of medicines by consumers in Tiko sub-division were identified to remove the sociocultural, economic and regulatory barriers to appropriate medicines use. Sociocultural strategies should focus on public education on medicines through role plays and audiovisual communication tools increase knowledge about medicines and to ensure behaviour change. Economic strategies should include the elimination of user charges and health financing strategies. Regulatory strategies proposed include amongst others, implementation of a national medicines policy and the setting up of a multisectoral task force to control sales of medicines.

Diploma thesis deals with topic of given phenomena of behavioural economics. Specifically, it deals with endowment effect, decoy effect and paradox of choice. The goal of the thesis is to verify influence of given phenomena of behavioural economics in practice. Research part deals with analysis of the phenomena which influence decision-making in financial or economic issues and causes individual to behave irrationally and not like Homo oeconomicus. In an analytical part are then given phenomena verified by method of quantitative analysis in real market on given company. Quantitative analysis deals predominantly with breakdown of customer reactions on marketing strategies of given company in defined period. Integral part of the thesis is based on executed research draw practical recommendations for examined company.

Background: Tertiary hospitals have multiple specialist outpatient clinics attended by patients suffering from various comorbid diseases. This results in individuals attending more than one clinic per month, since dedicated clinic days are seldom on the same day. As patients attend discrete clinics, they have separate encounters with various prescribers, increasing the potential for irrational drug use. In addition, multiple clinic visits have a negative socio-economic impact on health care users from poorer communities where financial resources are limited due to transport expenses and days of work missed. The aim of this study was to determine the prescribing pattern of drugs to chronic disease outpatients, and find possible solutions to provide a system that would reduce overprescribing of chronic medication at Steve Biko Academic Hospital (SBAH) in one measure namely drug duplication. Methods: A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study with the use of convenience sampling was employed to determine the medication prescribing practises to comorbid chronic disease patients attending multiple specialist clinics at SBAH from February 1, 2018-May 31, 2018. Participants were selected according to their appearance in the hospital records, with sample saturation reached when each participant had visited all the different clinics. Chronic disease outpatients attending the SBAH clinics had reviews every three months. The reviews were controlled by issuing patients with medication for a three-month period, where after a follow up visit was mandatory in order to ensure prescription and medication renewal. Therefore, each patient visited all the clinics rendering a service relating to a specific chronic condition within a four-month period that determined the study period chosen. Hospital records of patients attending the most frequently visited clinics as reported by the SBAH Pharmacy and Therapeutics committee (PTC) were evaluated. These clinics included outpatient departments of diabetes, haematology, internal medicine, neurology, oncology and psychiatry. Each drug prescription observed was evaluated using guidelines of World Health Organization (WHO) titled, “How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators.” Prescribing indicators relevant to this study were used from the WHO guidelines. Results: One hundred and six patients were multiple clinic-attendees during the study period. Of the 106 patients retained, 103 (97.17%) patients attended two clinics and three (2.83%) patients attended three clinics. Regarding the WHO prescribing indicators, the average number of visits to SBAH by the comorbid chronic disease outpatients observed was 3.03 visits during the four-month study period. Prescription analysis included 80 (75.47%) patients out of 106 patients attending multiple clinics at the same time. The average number of drugs prescribed per encounter was 4.97. The results also showed that 45.45% of the 187 prescriptions observed contained five or more drugs. Most frequently prescribed drugs were tramadol 51 (5.49%), followed by simvastatin 48 (5.17%) and enalapril 45 (4.84%). Drug duplication occurred in 68 individual cases in the 80 patients observed. In total, drug duplication affected 39 patients (48.75%) [95% CI = 37.80%: 59.70%]. The most duplicated drug classes were analgesics 18 (26.47%), followed by anti-depressants 14 (20.59%) cases recorded. Conclusion: The results from this study support findings from similar studies at different institutions. The study confirmed multiple clinic visits are prevalent in the medical disciplines, often prescribing drugs from the same class. Clinical implications from these frequent and separate encounters may result in irrational prescribing, adverse drug events, drug-drug interactions and polypharmacy. The establishment of polypharmacy to comorbid chronic disease patients indicates the high risk of drug-drug interactions and adverse drug events. A prospective study would have provided more data for analysis to determine the level of polypharmacy and drug duplication. Thus, supplementation of this study with further studies could provide conclusions on whether the patients suffered from problematic or had appropriate polypharmacy. Physicians treating multiple clinicattendees should be equipped to monitor rationality of prescribing encounters. Installation of an advanced electronic Hospital Information System (HIS) could aid in improving drug prescribing in tertiary hospitals. Use of electronic prescribing tools as shown in previous studies is a requirement to improve tertiary hospitals in developing countries such as SBAH. The incidence of drug duplication at SBAH builds on existing evidence of unnecessary healthcare costs because of medication errors. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Pharmacology / MSc (Pharmacology) / Unrestricted

The aim of this study is research of irrational beliefs of Ellis in connections with personality variables in penitentiary background. This study is oriented to differences in this domains by prisoners according to the kind of criminal offence too. Prisoners were administrated (N=208; violent criminal offence N=100, property criminal offence N=108) PSSI - Inventory of styles and personality disorders (Kuhl - Kazén, 2002), Quenstionaire SPARO (Mikšík, 2001), Inventory of irrational beliefs (IBI; Koopmans et al.) and scale IPA (Kondáš - Kordačová, 2000). Results refer to signifikant high rate of prisoners irrational beliefs and their specific personality configuration. Differences in prisoners personality in according to the kind of criminal offence was not affirm. Prisoners irrationality of Ellis relate mainly to schizotyp styl of personality and to others personality variables of behavior under stress. Outcomes of this study are to use for concret work with prisoners, for creation of treatment program toward influence their attitudes, beliefs and general kognitive framework, their is relate to their criminal offence; for checking of effectiveness this programs and for inspiration in another reasearch in penitentiary population too. Key words: irrational beliefs, personality of prisoner, kind of criminal offence.

This thesis investigates the effects football games in major international tournaments have on stock market returns. The major international football tournaments are limited to the FIFA World Cup and the UEFA European Championship, and the games studied are only the finals of these tournaments. The thesis deploys a method of difference in difference with synthetic control groups to capture any effects winning or losing of these games may have on the stock market returns in the following days. The last 22 years of finals in the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship are studied in 11 games and thus 22 treatments. In general, a good fit of the synthetic counterfactuals prior to the event taking place is achieved. The positive and negative events are looked at separately rather than game by game since the distinction between negative and positive events is made by previous literature. All games are treated as equally important since they are all the final of a tournament. The estimated gaps are insignificant for a majority of the games, and no causal relationship between the outcome of finals in international football tournaments and returns on broad stock market indices can be established, possible reasons for this are, among other things, that the indices used in this study is mainly all share indices and large cap indices, which are generally stable.

Text in Afrikaans / Students who study part time find themselves in a situation, with much pressure, which causes stress. The reason for this study was therefore to investigate the effectiveness of Rational Emotive Therapy as a coping technique for students in order to handle stress. A qualitative analysis was conducted and data was gathered primarily through group therapy and interviewing. The results of the research led to the conclusion that Rational Emotive Therapy could be effectively applied by students as a stresscoping mechanism / Educational Studies / M.Ed.